Objective To investigate the application of three dimensional blood vessel angiography(3D-CTA) in the patients of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhge diagonised as aneurysm.Methods 3D-CTA were examined in 32 cases of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.Results In 32 patients of spontaneous subarachnoid thirty patients were diagnosed as aneurysm.Two cases were not diagnosed.Conclusion 3D-CTA may be the first examination method in spontaneous subarchnoid hemorrhage.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)is one of the numbers of neurotrophic factors.GDNF is involved in many physiological and pathological actions.Moreover,GDNF plays an important role in the neuropathic pain generation and development at central nerve system level,or at peripheral level.This paper provides an overview of the evolution of GDNF and neuropathic pain research in recent years.

Astrocyte is the most amount cell population of the central nervous system, which has complex signal transduction pathway. Astrocyte involves in many physiological actions and pathological processes. Further more, Astrocyte plays an important role in neuropathic pain generation and development at central nerve system level, or at peripheral level. This paper reviewed the evolution of astrocyte and neuropathic pain research in recent years.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 3.0 tesla to depict the characterization of human carotid arterial vessel wall and detect atherosclerotic lesions ex vivo in comparison to histopathologic results. MethodsEighteen carotid arteries obtained from 9 elderly donors underwent fat-suppressed T1 - and T2-weighted MR imaging at 3.0 tesla MR system with a mouse coil. Corresponding histological sections were obtained for the comparison. Correlation between MR images and histopathologic slices was obtained by Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient.Cohen K was computed to quantify the agreement between MRI and histopathologic findings.Results Lumen area,intima and media area measured on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images showed stronger correlation with the corresponding histopathologic slices [ MRI vs.histopathology:( 27. 53 ± 6. 77 ) mm2 vs.( 25.83 ±6. 69 ) mm2, r2 ＝ 0. 91,P2 ＝ 0. 024, ( 12.31 ± 3. 31 ) mm2 vs.( 12. 28 ± 3.71 ) mm2, r2 ＝ 0. 70, P2 ＝ 0. 020,Median 12. 29 mm2(Min 1.12 mm2, Max 33.18 mm2) vs.Median 11.62 mm2(Min 0.89 mm2, Max 32. 84 mm2 ), r2 ＝ 0. 74, P2 ＝ 0. 016, respectively]. The Cohen K score between the MR imaging and American Heart Association classifications was 0. 74, which corresponds to a good agreement. Conclusions 3.0 T high-resolution multi-sequence MRI can clearly show the structure of ex vivo carotid artery wall and allow quantitative assessment.Fat-suppressed T2Wimaging has a greater advantagein presenting atherosclerotic lesions.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) protein expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods Male SD rats 6 weeks old weighing 180-200 g were used in this study.One hundred and twenty rats in which intrathecal catheters was successfully implanted were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 30 each): group Ⅰ control ( group C); group Ⅱ sham operation ( group S); group Ⅲ neuropathicpain (group P) and group Ⅳ GDNF. In groupⅢ and Ⅳ I6 spinal nerve was ligated. In group Ⅳ intrathecal GDNF was administered every other day for 14 d after spinal nerve ligation. In group Ⅲ normal saline was given instead. Ten animals from each group were selected at 3, 7 and 14 d after spinal nerve ligation, the mechanical pain threshold was measured, and then the rats were decapitated. The I4-6 segment of the spinal cord of the operated side was isolated. p38MAPK protein expression in the spinul dorsal horn was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Intrathecal GDNF significantly attenuated spinal nerve ligationinduced increase in p38MAPK protein expression in spinal dorsal horn of the operated side. Conclusion IT GDNF can relieve neuropathic pain by inhibiting p38MAPK protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn.

Objective To study an effective treatment of severe thoracic and abdominal injury accompanied with acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDS).Methods Emergency treatments of 32 patients with severe thoracic and abdominal trauma accompanied with ARDS were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the 32 patients had severe thoracic and abdominal injury,ribs fracture or pulmonary contuson.Anti-shock treatment,reasonable supplemental blood volume,rational mechanical ventilation and emergency operation were performed.Twenty-six patients were cured,and 6 died,with mortality 18.75%.Conclusions Early diagnosis,timely anti-shock treatment,early treatment for thoracic and abdominal injury and correct mechanical ventilation are essential for treating thoracic and abdominal trauma accompanied by ARDS,and is also an effective method for reducing mortality.

Objective To investigate the effects of cytokines on the expression of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in rats. Methods Primary cultured VSMCs from SD rat thoracic aorta were cultured in serum-free DMEM for 24 h, and then in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for another 12 h. The cultured VSMCs were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =6 each): control group (group C); 10% cytokine group (group L); 50% cytokine group (group N); 100% cytokine group (group H) and L-arginine methy ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) group. In group C, the cellswere cultured continuously for 12 h. In L, N and H groups, 10%, 50% and 100% cytokines (IL-1β 50 ng/ml +TNF-α 100 ng/ml + IFN-γ 500 ng/ml) were added to the culture medium respectively and the cells were then incubated for 12 h. In group L-NAME, 100% cytokines + L-NAME 5 mmol/L were added to the culture medium and the cells were then incubated for 12 h. The expression of AT1R mPNA and protin was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.Results Cytokines down-regulated AT1R mRNA and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01). L-NAME reversed cytokines-induced changes in AT1R mRNA and protein expression ( P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion Cytokines can down-regulate the expression of AT1R in rat VSMCs and the mechanism is related to the NO synthesis.

Objective To eveluate the clinical curative effects of combination of Ma Yinglong She Xiang Zhi Chuang Gao,Jin Xuan Zhi Ke Xun Xi Xan,Diosmin,Macrogol 4000 powder in treating postoperative complications of ring mixed hemorrhoids.Methods Ninty cases of postoperative ring mixed hemorrhoids patients were divided into two groups randomly from January 2008 to June 2009.Experimental group:From the first day on Jin Xuan Zhi Ke Xun Xi San 55 g and the 1000 mL boiling water were added flushing,and Maying Long She Xiang Zhi Chuang Gao 2.5 g,2 times daily.The Macrogol 4000 powder 10 g and water 200 mL were admistrated orally,Diosmin 1.0 g orally,2 times daily.Oral administration of two kinds of medications was done each two hours.Control group:Using 1:100 Sterile warm salt water hip bath,and Ma Yinglong she xiang zhi chuang gao 2.5 g,2 times daily;Phenolphthalein tablets 100 mg orally,2 times daily.Results The experimental group surpassed the control group in the anus ache,the hemorrhage,edema (P<0.05).The heal time reduced obviously(P<0.01).Conclusion To combination of Ma Yinglong She Xiang Zhi Chuang Gao,Jin Xuan Zhi Ke Xun Xi San,Diosmin,Macrogol 4000 powder has the distinct improvement in the anus ache,the hemorrhage,dropsy of ring mixed hemorrhoids and reduces the injured area heal time obviously.

Objective To explore the application of atomic force microscopy( AFM ) on the research of morphology of the rabies viruses. Methods To prepare the rabies virus CTN-1v strains by ultracentrifugation, and observe it with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which negatively stained by phosphotungstic acid. Then study the morphology of rabies virus with AFM based on the result of TEM. AFM image applies the tapping mode to rabies virus without any further treatment in air at room temperature. Results The TEM image is two-dimensional image which can be seen the classical bullet-shaped structure,and the spike structure can also be seen. The AFM image showed the rabies virus morphology with three-dimensional image which can shows the characteristics of the virus surface and edge. The rabies virus particle was successfully observed by TEM or AFM methods. Conclusion It's the first time to get the three-dimensional morphological structure of rabies virus by atomic force microscopy, compared with transmission electron microscopy, AFM is a new research tool for viral morphology study with the advantages of simple sample preparing and intuitionistic and visible interface for researchers.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of CT spectral imaging using quantitative iodine-based material decomposition images in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism. Methods Fifty-three patients underwent CT angiography with spectral imaging mode on a GE Discovery CT750HD scanner. Iodine distribution in the lung parenchyma using the iodine-based material decomposition images was quantitatively measured by post-processing. Monochromatic CT angiographic images were reconstructed from the same data sets and thee images were reviewed for the identification and localization of pulmonary embolism as well as the degree ( partial or complete) of the embolic occlusion. The number and location of perfusion defects were recorded. The iodine content of perfusion defects and normal lung parenchyma on the iodine maps were measured by one reader using an ROI analysis. Comparative analyses were obtained using the Chi-square test for categorical data. Two independent samples rank test and 2 related samples signed-rank test were used to compare iodine densities between different groups. Results CT angiography showed no pulmonary embolism in 33 patients, and iodine distribution was homogeneous. A total of 93 clots with lobar ( n = 26), segmental (n = 54) and sub-segmental (n=13) distribution were detected in 19 patients; Fifty-one clots were occlusive and 42 clots were non-occlusive. The iodine-based material decomposition images of all occlusive clots showed lobar, segmental or sub-segmental iodine distribution defects; whereas eleven of 42 non-occlusive clots had evidence of iodine distribution defects. There was significant difference ( x2 = 39. 94,P＜0. 01 ) in the perfusion defects between occlusive and non-occlusive clots. There was a significant difference in iodine content between normal lung parenchyma [ (1.92 ±0. 54) g/L] and perfusion defects [ (0. 30 ± 0. 20)g/L] (Z= -5.63, P ＜ 0. 01 ). There was a significant difference in the iodine content of peffusion defects before [ (0. 26 ± 0. 23 )g/L] and after anticoagulation [ (0. 94 ± 0. 50 )g/L ] ( Z = -3.93,P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion With the ability of iodine mapping, CT spectral imaging is areliable method in the evaluation of pulmonary embolism both qualitatively and quantitatively, and may be a useful tool in providing information regarding the severity of PE and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.