Purpose: To analyze factors which influence the precision & accuracy of target positions in Alderson Head phantom and(or) patients.Materials and Methods: A target position simulator was used to determine the precision and accuracy of target localization while Alderson head phantom used to determine the overall precision and accuracy through the treatment procedure.Results: The overall precision and accuracy through the treatment procedure was found to be 1.72?0.60mm, and its contribution from CT localizing step, which was 1.4?0.3mm。Conclusion: Since there are more factors related to patients' treatment, the precision and accuracy of simulating in Alderson phantom is the best estimate for patient treatment.

Setting up a society in harmony is one of important abilities of our Party being in power.Right health care system in rural areas is one of important contents of setting up socialist society in harmony.This article argues from three aspects that setting up a society in harmony is mankind's moral ideal,building up health care system in rural areas is to appeal to morality which sets up a society in harmony,and building up health care system must be strengthened.But the writer thinks that there are many lacks now.So we should take some steps to build and complete the health care system in rural areas,it is significant for setting up a society in harmony.

Objective To evaluate invitro antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre extractant.Methods The antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre extractant against staphyloccus aureus,bacillus coli,bacillus proteus,bacillus aeruginosus was detected by agar dilution method.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration were 0.65,1.25,1.25,2.5 mg/mL respectively.Conclusion Gymnema sylvestre extractant had strong antibacterial activity against various bacteria.

Objective To study if the dose verification technique for three dimensional conformal radiation therapy ( 3 DCRT) can be applied for simplified intensity modulation radiation therapy ( sIM RT). Methods From 1988 patients treated by sIMRT in our department,12 were chosen randomly for the study. For each case,3 differert plans of 3DCRT,sIMRT,and IMRT were worked out with Pinnacle TPS,and the dose verification for each plan was carried out with Elekta Precise LA by using 2D diode-matrix of MapCHECK Model 1175. Results For slMRT,the overall average percentages of pass points for DD(DTA) 2% (2 mm) ,3% (3 mm)and 4% (4 mm) were 90.5% ,94.8% and 98.2% reapectively,which were slightly worse when comparing with those of 3DCRT with deterioration of 1.9% (t=2.19,P=0.040) ,1.0% (t= 1.52,P=0.144) and 0.2% (t=0.05,P=0.623), but slightly better comparing with those of IMRT with increment of 2.1% (t=2.17,P=0.041) ,1.5% (t=2.62,P=0.016) and 1.5% (t=3.68,P=0.001) for 2% (2 mm) ,3% (3 mm) and 4% (4 mm) ,respectively. Conclusions The sIMRT technique simplifies the complicated dose verification procedure of I MRT. When the sIMRT technique is formally used, the procedure of dose distribution verification for 3DCRT can be used directly for slMRT.

PurposeTo develop a novel RGD microbubbles (RGD-MBs) and to evaluate the targeted binding effect with endothelial cells in vitro.Materials and MethodsThe RGD peptide was coated onto the microbubbles through biotin-avidin linkage including 10 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml groups. The microbubbles not carrying RGD peptide were obtained as negative control. Blocking studies were performed with pre-incubation of the cells with RGD peptide for 2 hours. The microbubbleswere characterized by Accusizer 780 and optical microscope. The binding specificity of RGD-MBs withανβ3-expressing mouse endothelial cells was determined with competitive inhibition experiments in vitro. The attachment study was performed using parallel plate flow chamber to investigate the dynamic adhesion on endothelial cells at various shear stresses.ResultsThe RGD-MBs had an average diameter of (4.09±0.07) μm. The binding RGD-MBs per cell were 2.98±0.35 for 10 μg/ml RGD and 1.78±0.23 for 30 μg/ml RGD. RGD-MBs binding to mouse endothelial cells decreased 54.64% and 67.00% in the presence of RGD peptide at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and 30 μg/ml respectively. When the shear stress was under 1.5 dyne/cm2, the accumulation rate was increased with the increase of shear stress (P<0.05). Accumulation rate reached the maximum (48.72±4.26) RGD-MBs/min at wall share stress of 1.5 dyne/cm2, and decreased as sheer stress >1.5 dyne/cm2 (P<0.05). Conclusion The RGD-MBs can specifically bind to endothelial cells, indicating its usefulness as ultrasonic molecular probe in monitoring integrinανβ3 expression during tumor angiogenesis, and is potentially valuable for in tumor early-staging and prognosis.

Objective To use clustering analysis to help physicians detect abnormal parameters in radiotherapy treatment plans and improve the efficiency of plan verification. Methods From 2010 to 2015, 835 breast cancer treatment plans for using 4?field hybrid intensity?modulated radiotherapy from MOSAIQ were collectted. Fractional dose, beam angle, and monitor unit were used as featured parameters of a treatment plan to generate a dataset. The K?means clustering algorithm based on principal component analysis was used to perform a clustering analysis of the dataset and divide the dataset into different clusters. The outliers of clusters were automatically detected based on the distance threshold. The outlier?contained treatment plans were manually verified by physicians to determine the accuracy of clustering analysis in detection of abnormal plans. Results In the clustering analysis, the sample space composed by parameters of treatment plans for breast cancer was divided into 4 clusters, 3 of which had outliers detected. In the targeted treatment plans, 3 plans became outliers because of special target volume and the other 4 plans needed improvement. Conclusions Clustering analysis is effective to help physicians to independently verify treatment plans.

Objective To evaluate effects of ascorbic acid on proliferative activity of cultured melanocytes in vitro, as well as on H2O2?induced oxidative injury in melanocytes. Methods The optimal concentration of ascorbic acid solution and median lethal dose of H2O2 solution were determined by CCK?8 assay for the following experiment. Cultured melanocytes were classified into the control group, ascorbic acid group, H2O2 group and combination group. During the first 24 hours, the control group and H2O2 group were treated with M254 medium, while the ascorbic acid group and combination group with ascorbic acid solution. During an additional 24?hour period, the control group and ascorbic acid group were treated with M254 medium, while the H2O2 group and combination group with H2O2 solution at the median lethal dose. After 48?hour treatment, CCK?8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to determine the survival rate and apoptosis rate of melanocytes, respectively, in the 4 groups. Biochemical methods were used to evaluate the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and determine the malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration, and fluores?cent staining was conducted to detect the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the control group, H2O2 group and combination group. Results The optimal concentration of ascorbic acid solution was 1 000μmol/L, and the median lethal dose of H2O2 solution was 300 μmol/L. The cell survival rate, apoptosis rate, SOD activity, MDA concentration and ROS fluorescence intensity in the control group were 100% ± 4.99%, 6.90% ± 0.87%, 54.71 ± 4.75 U/mgprot, 263.39 ± 20.17 nmol/mgprot and 342.16 ± 27.36 respectively. Compared with the control group, H2O2 solution could significantly increase the cell apoptosis rate(16.47%± 1.07%), SOD activity(103.62 ± 10.44 U/mgprot), MDA concentration(493.70 ± 31.36 nmol/mgprot)and intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity (782.48 ± 36.25), but decrease the survival rate of melanocytes (39.07% ± 2.94%), while ascorbic acid solution markedly down?regulated the H2O2?induced apoptosis (11.83%± 0.95%), SOD activity(76.73 ± 5.20 U/mgprot), MDA concentration(371.82 ± 23.05 nmol/mgprot) and ROS level (475.64 ± 52.18), but increased the cell survival rate (74.31% ± 5.53%). Conclusion Ascorbic acid solution at the concentration of 1 000 μmol/L can not only promote proliferative activity of melanocytes, but also protect melanocytes from H2O2?induced oxidative injury.

Objective To verify the dose delivery accuracy of volumetric-modulated arc therapy plan by log-file analysis of linear accelerator that can be created when a dynamic delivery occurs.Methods Accelerator log file in binary format recorded the accelerator execution plan for each control point corresponding to the gantry angle,multi-leaf collimator leave position,cumulative machine monitor units ( MU).These information were read from the accelerator log file with Matlab7.1,then the original control points in the plan file replaced the corresponding information for the log,which generated a new plan.New plan was exported into the planning system to reculculate the dose.The volume dose histogram (DVH) and dose distribution was contrasted to determine the accuracy of the accelerator plan of implementation between two plans.Results Compared with the original plan,antry angle difference over ± 1° accounted for about 35％ of the entire arc of control points in 4 of 12 arcs and the percentage of the leave error of ±0.5 mm was about 95％.MU error of a single control point was larger,but the cumulative MU for each are was small which was located between-0.09％ to 0.11％ in the selected 12 arcs.Between the targets,the maximum dose,minimum dose,the mean dose differences were from-0.07％ to 0.42％,-0.38％ to 0.40％,0.03％ to 0.08％,respectively.The maximum dose and mean dose differences of organs at risks were located from-1.16％ to 2.51％,-1.21％ to 3.12％,respectively.Conclusions Accelerator log-file analysis to verify the VMAT plan nan be supplyed to the experimental method supplement.

To explore the effect of insulin therapy on serum level of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The results showed that serum IGF-I level increased[(126.70±51.91 vs 90.04±43.68)μg/L,P<0.01]and was positively correlated with insulin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after exogenous insulin therapy(r=0.298,P<0.05).