Objective To report and analyze the changes of bacterial species and resistance to antibiotics in the burn center from 1993 to 2007. Methods Bacterial identification and susceptibility test were performed by applying VITEK-AMS system. Results A total of 4 762 strains were isolated,including 60 species of 21 genera. Pseudomonas aeruginoasa (PA) was the most common organism (36. 79%), and its isolating rate was 36. 79%; in 2006, the highest isolating rate of PA was 51.6%.The isolating rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 14.09 %, next to that of PA; followed by Enterococci faecalis, Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Enterococci faecium, Enterobaeter cloacae and Staphylococ-cus epidermidis, and the 8 kinds of germs shared 78. 12% of bacterial isolates (3 746/4 762). The an-tibiotic resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was increasing year by year; it was vitally resistant to the third generation eephalosporins and imipenem. Conchtsion The predominant species of bacteria from burn center is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and RA isolates are multi-resistant to antibiotics. The i-solating rates of Enterococeus faeealis and Acinetobacter are increasing. This implied the importance of rational and correct use of antibiotics about control of burn infections as well as avoidance of abusage of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Many clinical studies showed that the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in stroke have been dynamically changing since the onset of the disease. The changing of TCM syndromes can be attributed to multiple correlative factors such as age, sex, area distribution, underlying diseases, and constitutional factor. Data-driven methods involving multivariate statistical methods and descriptive approach have been used to analyze the regularity of dynamically changed TCM syndromes of stroke. However, expressing non-linear relationship between symptom or correlative factors and syndrome patterns by data-driven models is challenging. Model-driven methods involving artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks are new methods for studying the changes in TCM syndromes in patients with stroke. In this review, the authors summarized the studies of dynamically changed patterns of stroke syndromes based on data-driven methods and some clinical trials on TCM syndromes based on model-driven methods. Further studies are needed to improve the understanding of the dynamically changing regularity of TCM syndromes for stroke by using model-driven methods so as to develop appropriate and timely TCM treatments.

Objective To explore the expression of BID protein and the relation ship of cell proliferation with apoptosis at different stages of IgAN.Methods The expression of BID protein、PCNA and FN in renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry,TUNEL and light microscopy were used to detect apoptotic cells.Results With the progress of IgAN,the expression of BID protein、PCNA、the number of apoptotic cells and FN increased gradually(P

Objective To explore the significance of gene mutations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) C677T,cystathionine ?-synthase(CBS)844ins68,T27796C and methionine synthase (MS A2756G) in the development of brain stroke. Methods There were no obvious differences in age and sex among the four groups. The plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels of 78 patients with cerebral infarction, 26 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, 29 patients with other neurological diseases and 50 healthy control elders were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Moreover,the genotypes of MTHFRC677T, CBS844ins68, CBST27796C and MSA2756G were detected by PCR-RFLP in four groups. Results The mean plasma Hcy levels in cerebral infarction or in cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher than those in other neurological diseases or in healthy control elders. The prevalences of CBS 844ins68 and MS A2756G in the cohort studies were obviously lower than those in Caucasian populations. The plasma Hcy level in C677T homozygote mutation was higher than that in wild type or heterozygote. However,heterozygote mutation of CBS T27796C gene reduced Hcy concentration. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of MTHFR,CBS and MS mutations among four groups. Conclusions Hcy might be associated with brain stroke. Moreover,the prevalences of gene mutations of CBS 844ins68 and MS A2756G might vary with different ethnic groups or geographic regions. The homozygosity of MTHFR C677T might contribute to the increase of total plasma Hcy, and CBS T27796C gene heterozygote mutation might lower the raised total Hcy. In addition, four gene mutations are consistent with the law of heredity balance.

Objective This study analyzes the effect of the shrinkage of thermoplastic mask on patient positioning. Methods Design of the two test. Test 1:thermoplastic film shrinkage test. Get some thermoplastic film by the size of 10 cm×5 cm, extrude it at a certain rate after heated. Measure the length of thermoplastic film on different time, and calculate the contraction. Test 2:phantom test. Take advantage of head and neck phantom, and simulate the procedure that from making mask for patients to radiation therapy. Measure the off set of isocenter which caused by the contraction of thermoplastic mask. Results The largest shrinkage of thermoplastic had happened in 20 minutes. Different tensile ratio had little effect on the shrinkage. The offset of isocenter which caused by the shrinkage of thermoplastic mask were:LR ( -0?? 1± 0?? 3) mm,SI (-0?? 2±0?? 2) mm, AP (0.6±0?? 4) mm,respectively. There was little change in the course of six weeks ( P= 0.185?0?? 961). Conclusions The cooling time should be more than 20 minutes, when making a mask for the patient. The setup errors which caused by the shrinkage of thermoplastic mask is at an acceptable level on this premise.

Objective To establish two-dimensional electrophoresis profiles of laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissue with high resolution and reproducibility. Methods The total protein of well-differentiated or poorly-differentiated laryngeal cancer tissue was separated by means of immobilized pH gradient-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The differential expression protein was analyzed by using ImageMaster 2D analysis software. Results We obtained fine resolution, reproducible 2-DE patterns of well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated laryngeal squamous carcinoma. Differential expression protein spots were defined in 2-DE gels. Thirteen protein spots were preliminarily identified, among which seven proteins were upregulated in well-differentiated laryngeal cancer tissue, six were downregulated. Conclusion The expression map of proteomics was established for well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated laryngeal cancer, which was of significant difference between them. Laryngeal cancer proteome might reflect the underlying pathological state.

Objective To commission a Mobetron intra-operative mobile accelerator and analyze the characteristics of its electron beams. Methods The dosimetrie characteristics of the electron beams genera-ted by Mobetron accelerator were measured and compared with those generated by conventional accelerator (Primus, Siemens). M oberton accelerator can generate electron beams of nominal energies of 4,6,9 and 12 MeV. The measurement items were as followings : percentage depth dose perpendicular to water phantom sur-face and beam profiles parallel to water phantom surface, output factors, applicator leakage, electron beam at-tenuation made by lead blocks,and machine output calibration. The measurement devices included a three-dimensional ( 3 D) water scanning phantom, an electrometer, a 0.6 cm3 Farmer ionization chamber, a parallel-plate ionization chamber and solid water slabs. During measurement, all applicators of different tilt angles and diameters were attached to the machine head,and their ends were adjusted to be tangent to the phantom surface. Results Except for the 12 MeV,skin dose for all energies was no more than 90%. The skin dose was higher for Mobetron accelerator electron beams than for regular electron beams. The Dmax depth in water for a 10 cm flat applicator were 0.7,1.3,2.0 and 2.2 cm for the 4 energies,respectively. The depths of 90% dose were 1.0,1.8,2.7 and 3.6 cm, respectively. The selected flat applicator was just 1 cm larger than the tumor bed. But for the beveled applicators,the field flatness and symmetry became worse,and con-sequently,the applicator size had to be selected based on the isodose distribution. The leakage dose at 1 cm outside the applicator was 1.2% ,5.1%, 10.0% and 9.1%, respectively. The lead thickness for full block was 1.5,3.0,4.5 and 6.0 mm,respectively. Conclusions Through the commissioning of Mobetron accel-erator, the machine characteristics are understood, and the data for clinical implementation and routine quality assurance are acquired.

Objective To explore the expression and significance intergrin alphavbeta3(art33)in the kidney of patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN).Methods lmmunohistochemistry wag applied to detect the expression of avl33。fibronectin(Fn)and Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)in the kidney of patients with IgAN.and correlation analysis was done with pathology and clinic index.Result With the development of the disease,the expression of etvl33 was gradually increased in the glomemlar capillary endothelial cell.and mesansial cell as well as glomerular crescent.The positive area ratio of αvβ33 in renal glomerulus was(16.18±o.98,19.58±0.99,28.35±1.99,17.72±2.17)％respectively in grade I～Ⅳ pathological changes.Among all the groups,the expression of αvβ33 was the strongest in grade Ⅲ,while decreased in grade Ⅳ(P

Objective To evalute Qiliqiangxin capsule for improving cardiac function and identifiy Qiliqiangxin capsule for directing cytoprotective effects against apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were tested as subjects and the model rats were built by anterior descending coronary deligation, then the survival rats were devided into 6 groups randomly:sham-operated group(sham,n=8),fed with normal saline of same volume instead;control group(control,n=7),fed with normal saline of same volume instead;Qiliqiangxin great dosage group(great,n=9),Qiliqiangxin 1.2g/(kg?d) treatment;Qiliqiangxin medium dosage group(medium,n=9),Qiliqiangxin 0.6g/(kg?d) treatment;Qiliqiangxin small dosage group(small,n=8 rats),Qiliqiangxin 0.3g/(kg?d) treatment;the captopril group(captopril,n=9),captopril 25mg/(kg?d) treatment.24 hours later,rats in sham operated group and model group were given normal saline,rats in treating group were given Qiliqiangxin,rats in the contrasting group were given captopril.After being treated for 4 weeks, all rats′ heart function was measruated by right flank arteria carotis communis arterial cannula.The left ventricle mass index was calculated and the expression of protein caspase-3 was tested by immunohistochemical method and Westernblot. Results Compared with control group, Qiliqiangxin capsule could reduce effectively BW,HMI,LVMI,increase LVEDP and LVSP,+dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax.Immunohistochemical analysis and Westernblot analysis showed that adminstration of Qiliqiangxin significantly inhibited caspase-3 expressions in myocardial cells in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Qiliqiangxin significantly improved the CHF rat′s cardiac function and reduced the left ventricle mass index and heart mass index 4 weeks after being treated with relative high dose Qiliqiangxin. It might be partially attributed to the suppression of caspase-3 expressions.

The teaching quality,clinical case teaching,innovations consciousness of teacher are three important items in how to develop students' creation thinking during the course of otolaryngology.