Objective To evaluate the activities of 18 pairs of antimicrobials combinations against non - duplicate clinical isolates of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) in vitro.Methods Collect isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from different patients from October 2009 to May 2010,which were isolated in Clinical Laboratory Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University.Use broth microdilution method to detect MIC of mono-antimicrobial,and checkerboard broth microdilution method to detect combinatied MIC,and calculate fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index to determine drug combinations effects.When the performance of the same drug combinations conflicted,appropriate strains were selected for screening of drug-resistant mechanisms by polymerase chain reaction( PCR),including efflux pump genes.Results In tests in vitro,rifampicin and polymyxin B,imipenem and gentamicin,cefepime and levofloxacin showed synergy at high proportion,68.1％,45.5％,40.9％,respectively.Minocycline and rifampicin,ampicillin/sulbactam and tobramycin.Ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin showed additive effect at high proportion,81.8％,68.2％,68.2％,respectively.There were several combinations which appeared the opposite effects to tested strains.Strains No.19 corresponding reaction was synergy and No.21,No.26 corresponding reactions were antagonism.The three strains above were selected for screening resistant mechanisms.The difference is that genotypes of adeS were negative in No.19 and positive in No.21 and No.26.Conclusion Rifampicin and polymyxin B combination showed synergy against the MDRAB in vitro,which can be considered as the treatment choice for critical infections caused by MDRAB.Imipenem and gentamicin,cefepime and levofloxacin also showed synergy in vitro,but in some isolates showed antagonism.This phenomenon may be due to the gene adeS activated by certain antibiotics,and the activated adeS drived efflux pump express or overexpress,which made the drugs in bacterial cells pumped out,causing antagonistic effect.The individual differences in strains should be considered when clinic strain apply these two combinations above.

Objective To evaluate the activity of antibiotics against pan-drug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii by combination antimicrobial susceptibility test in viro with epsilometric methods (Etest method) and microdilution checkerboard (CB method),and to detect a good correlation between timekill curve with the above mentioned two assays.Methods Thirty-one clinical isolates of PDR Acinetobacter baumannii were selected for mono and combination antimicrobial susceptibility test in vitro by E-test and CB method,then a comparison was conducted between the test results and the time-kill curve.Mono drugs involved tigecycline,colistin,imipenem and amikacin,and combinations involved two of drugs above,and three drugs involved imipenem/tigecycline,plus amikacin combination.Results Synergistic effect was detected in imipenem plus colistin and tigecycline plus imipenem combination.A high comparability was revealed between the E-test method with antimicrobial drugs added into the culture medium and the time-kill curves.Synergy in the combination of imipenem/tigecycline,plus amikacin was detected by the CB method and time-kill curves.Conclusion The results showed that the effect of specific combination of antibiotics against PDR Acinetobacter baumannii could be predicted by testing their synergistic effect with combination antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Objective To evaluate the effect of selective decontamination of digestive tract(SDD)on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia by Meta-analysis based on theory and method of evidence-based medicine.Methods Six medical databases (PubMed,Excerpta Medica Database [EMBASE],China Biology Medicine disc[CBMdi-sc],China National Knowledge Infrastructure[CNKI],VIP database,from 1995 to 2014,and Cochrane Library of issue 12,2014 )were searched,literatures were selected,data were extracted,Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.Results 13 literatures were included (2 676 patients were involved),Meta-analysis revealed that the incidence of VAP in treatment and control group was 20.68% and 35.99% respectively (OR and 95%CI ,0.40 [0.28,0.56],P <0.001 ),the mortality rate of patients with mechanical ventilation in treatment group and control group were 20.60% and 20.03% respectively (OR and 95%CI ,0.99 [0.81 ,1 .20],P =0.91 ). Conclusion SDD can reduce the incidence of VAP in patients with mechanical ventilation,but can’t reduce mortali-ty rate.

Objective To study the expression of homocysteine in serum of patients with common malignant tumor,and initially investigate the possibility of serum homocysteine as cancer biomarker.Methods Expression levels of homocysteine and caner biomarkers (CEA,AFP,CA125,CA199) in serum of 180 patients with established malignant tumor and 30 healthy controls (control) were measured,the results of homocysteine were compared with that of the cancer biomarkers based on the cutoff value used in clinic.Results The expression levels of homocysteine was significantly higher in patients with malignant tumor than in controls [(13.89 ± 4.95) μmol/L-(21.40 ± 9.38) μ mol/L vs (11.40 ± 3.13) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05)].Conclusions The positive predictive rate of homocysteine is higher than the four kind of cancer biomarkers in lung cancer,breast cancer,esophageal cancer.The increase of homocysteine in tumors may be universal,and Homocysteine may be used as cancer biomarker in lung cancer,breast cancer and esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis rate of early gastric calleer(EGC)with mucosa biopsy after compound staining under gastroseopy.Methods Two hundreds and six pafients who suspected tO be EGC by gastroscopy were randomly divided into two groups,the mucosa in control group(n=103)was biopsy directly under gastrescopy,and the experimental group(n=103)was biopsy after compound staining.Compared the diagnosis rate of ECG between these two groups.Results Twelve cases were confirmed to be EGC by surgery plus pathology among all the patients.Two cases were from control group,the other ten cases were from experimental group.Type Ⅱ c+Ⅲ accounted for 58.3%of twelve EGG.Eleven cases(91.7%)were positive with helicobacter pylori(Hp).Conclusion Compound staining may improve diagnosis rate of ECG.There is significant deference between directed and mueosa biopsy after compound staining under gastrescopy(P=0.033).TypeⅡc+Ⅲwere main type in endoscope of EGC.Hp infection is closely related to early gastric cancer.

source water.

Objective To explore the correlation between ADAM33 SNP and asthma in Uygur and Han children in Urumqi. Methods Eighty-six Uygur and 111 Han children aged 3-15 years old who had asthma and lived in Urumqi were included. Meanwhile 56 Uygur and 64 Han healthy children were also included as control group. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of V4 and T2 loci in ADAM 33 gene was performed by PCR, and verifications was made. Results There were statistical differences of V4 and T2 loci in ADAM 33 gene among asthma group and control group (P all??0.05) while there were differences in Uygur children (P all

Objective To understand the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among male patients attending to venereal outpatient department and provide basic data for prevention and treatment of HPV.Methods Retrospective analysis method was used to analyze 1 074 patients from venereal outpatient department of Beijing Friendship Hospital during January to August in 2015.Swab specimen were analyzed by flow-through hybridization and gene chip to detect the type of HPV.Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of CA and suspected patients.Results Among the 434 CA samples, the positive rate was 72.6%(315/434).The 58.1%(252/434) samples were high risk HPV positive and 14.5%(63/434) samples were low risk HPV positive.In high risk HPV infection, multiple infection accounted for 40.4%(175/434) and single infection was 17.7%(77/434), while in low risk HPV infection, single infection accounted for 12.9%(56/434).HPV-11, HPV-6, HPV-16, HPV-52, HPV-58 and HPV-51 were common.The positive rate among suspected CA patients was 36.6%(234/640) , and dominated in high risk HPV infection 25.3%( 162/640 ) .The positive rates of high risk HPV in CA patients [ 40.4%( 175/434 ) and 17.7%( 77/434 ) ] were obviously higher than that of suspected ones [12.9%(56/434) and 1.6%(7/434)], χ2 =95.956 and 9.122, both P<0.05.Conclusions Male patients from venereal outpatient department have a high prevalence of HPV, and common genotype are HPV-11, HPV-6, HPV-16, HPV-52, HPV-58 and HPV-51.The intensity of HPV screening should be strengthened in order to provide the vital basis for the prevention and treatment HPV related diseases.

Objective To set up assessment indexes of nursing process quality in hospitals that are scientific, practical and in keeping with the times so as to provide hospital departments in charge of nursing with the basis for reasonable assessment and scientific decision-making. Methods Typical investigations were conducted to understand the content and methods of the current assessments of nursing process quality in hospitals; the basic scope of the assessment indexes was determined through meeting discussions; the indexes were selected, verified, and established by means of brainstorming and the Delphi method; field surveys were conducted to assess and analyze the nursing process quality in 25 departments. Results A system of comprehensive assessment of nursing process quality in hospitals was established. It covered four categories, viz. nursing services, nursing control, nursing skills and nursing safety, and decomposed into assessment indexes of different levels, with the overall structure consisting of 1 overall goal, 4 first-level indexes, 12 second-level indexes, 5 third-level indexes and 290 subindexes. Conclusion The new system of indexes, which stresses the idea of nursing services, highlights the quality control principle of focusing on the patients,and is characterized by clear-cut structure and easy operability, provides a reliable guarantee for scientifically and rationally assessing nursing process quality.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of prealbumin (PA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level for the diagnosis of children patients with bacterial community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods Seventy-two children with bacterial CAP (CAP group) between July 2012 and December 2013 were enrolled in the study.Fifty healthy children were selected as healthy control group.The level of serum PA and CRP were measured by flow cytometry and turbidimetric immunoassay respectively.The results were compared.Results Before treatment,the level of CRP in CAP group was higher than that in healthy control group,and the level of PA in CAP group was lower than that in healthy control group,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The level of white blood cell count and the rate of neutrophilic granulocyte in CAP group was higher than that in healthy control group,but there was no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the level of CRP in CAP group was decreased and the level of PA was increased,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Pearson analysis showed that the level of CRP in CAP patients had negative relationship with the level of PA (r =-0.613,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Detection of serum PA and CRP contributes to clinical diagnosis of children bacterial CAP and evaluation of anti-infection effect.