Objective To investigate the prevalence of morphological abnormalities of the internal carotid artery and relationship with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and carotid atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 511 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study and carotid abnormalities were classified according to the criteria of Wain and Metz by combining high-and low-frequency ultraaonography prospectively.Relationship of carotid abnormalities to ischemic cerebrovascular disease and carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed.Results Of the 511 cases,abnormalities of the internal carotid artery were found in 256(50.1 ％),the unilateral carotid abnormalities were found in 121(23.7％),and the bilateral in 135(26.4％),respectively.There was significantly difference in prevalence of kinking and coiling between ischemic stroke and asymptomatic group(P＜0.001),and prevalence of carotid abnormalities in the plaques and arteriosclerosis groups were statistically higher than the normal group(P＜0.001).Conclusions The kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery could be additive risk factors in the pathophysiology of an ischemic stroke,and carotid morphological abnormalities could be responsible for carotid atherosclerosis partly.

Objective: To study the Ross procedure in surgery for aortic valve disease. Methods: From October, 1994 to May, 2002, 7 patients underwent Ross operation for aortic valve diseases. Pulmonary homografts were used for reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Among them, male 4, female 3, age from 11 to 44 years old [average (28?10) years]. All had severe aortic valve regurgitation, 2 associated with moderate aortic valve stenosis, 1 with bicuspid aortic valve, 1 with atrium septal defect, and 1 with ventricular septal defect. Pulmonary valve function was normal in all patients. Results: There was no operative death. One patient died 3 years later of SBE. Echocardiography indicated the normal function of aortic and pulmonary valve and excellent heart function. Conclusion: Ross operation provides is difficult but yields excellent clinical results.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term result after bioprosthesis replacement, and analyse the risk factors of the late deaths. Methods: From September 1984 to March 1988, 90 patients underwent bioprosthesis replacement in our hospital. There were 39 males (43%) and 51 females (57%) with an average age of 36.1 years. 78 patients had rheumatic disease, 8 degenerative disease, 3 congenital mitral valve anomaly and 1 Ebstein's anomaly. The preoperatively heart function (NYHA) was grade II in 15, grade III in 54, and grade IV in 21. C/T was 0.51～0.90 (average 0.65?0.10). Results: The operative mortality rate was 7。8%. All survived patients were followed up. The mean follow-up time was 7.8 years (range from 3 months to 15.7 years. 35 patients died during the follow-up period. The causes of death cardiac related deaths in 33 patients (88.6%), noncardiac related death in 3 (8.6%), and unknown in 1 (2.8%). Reoperation was performed in 20patients. At 1, 5 and 10 years after operation, the actuarial survival rate of patients were 92.7%, 80.7% and 57.8%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that preoperatively cardiac function, C/T ratio and EF were risk factors for late deaths. Conclusion: The long-term results with bioprosthesis replacement appear satisfactory.

The study was made on 3H-leucine incorporation into brain of offsprings born by their mothers who were fed in severe iodine deficiency area. Control group received an iodine-supplemented diet (1.7mg KIO3/kg food). Disintegration per minute (dpm) was used as an index to assess the 3H-leu-cine incorporation rate in comparision of the two groups.The results of 3H-leucine incorporation into brain showed that the dpm/mg of brain cortex and cerebellum was significantly lower in experimental group than that of control group at the time of 1-14 hours after injection of the preparation on 11-day offsprings (p

Objective To evaluate clinical value of ultrasonography before and after stent implantation in the patients with obstructive jaundice.Methods Ultrasonic findings before and after stent implantation in 38 patients with obstructive jaundice were analyzed respectively,and location and pathological natures of the obstruction were compared with those of stent implantation.Results Stent implantation was successfully achieved in all the cases with hilum (15/15,100%) and common bile ducts obstruction(12/12,100%),ampulla of Vater (5/6,83%) ,and duodenal nipple(1/5,20%).A success rate of stent implantation was 100%(8/8) in benign lesions,and 83.3% (25/30) in malignant ones.The total success rate was 86.8%.The significant difference was found between the obstruction location and success rate of stent implantation ( P 0.05 ).Conclusions Ultrasonography not only contributes to diagnosis of location and pathological nature of the obstruction for successful stent implantation but also explores complications early.

Objective To investigate color Doppler flow imaging features of the ophthalmic artery,external carotid artery,which is known the secondary compensatory collateral circle,in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.Methods A total of 42 patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion were enrolled,and ipsilateral and contralateral ophthalmic artery,external carotid artery were examined by color Doppler flow imaging,prospectively,peak systolic velocity,pulsatility index and resistance index were analyzed and compared with findings of control group.Results In the 42 cases with internal carotid artery occlusion,the compensatory collateral circle was observed by the external carotid artery and ophthalmic branches,through their communicating arteries in 40 (95.2％) cases of chronic occlusion.Compared with the contralateral side,the ophthalmic arteries were characterized by retrograde blood flow,peak backward shifting,increase of diameter [(1.91 ± 0.53) mm vs (1.69 ± 0.34) mm,P =0.009] and peak systolic velocity [(43.41 ± 27.28) cm/s vs (29.91 ± 14.16) cm/s,P =0.003],reduced pulsatility index (1.18 ± 0.49 vs 1.69 ± 0.73,P =0.000) and resistance index (0.65 ± 0.26 vs 0.75 ±0.12,P =0.000),and prolonged acceleration time [(147.71 ± 56.16)ms vs (51.80 ± 7.81)ms,P =0.000].Ophthalmic arteries had antegrade blood flow with a decrease of peak systolic velocity and resistance in another two cases of acute thrombosis of ICA.Conclusions External-ophthalmic-internal carotid artery passway is another compensatory collateral circle for the chronic occlusion,but only by ipsilateral and contralateral internal carotid artery circle,for acute thrombosis.

In the program entitled "Studies and Practice on the Community-Oriented Teaching Model of Preventive Medicine for Non-Preventive Medicine Specialty", we have renovated the curricular arrangements, textbooks, teaching contents and methods of traditional preventive medicine for non-preventive medicine specialty so as to explore a new pattern of teaching preventive medicine for non-preventive medicine specialty in West China.

ObjectiveTo observe the influence of polyethylene glycol-conjugated hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) solution combined with cisplatin on the expression of erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor (EPO/EPOR) and tumor angiogenesis in cancer treatment.MethodsHeLa cells were injected subcutaneously into the right oxter of 3-4 weeks old BALB/c nude mice to establish cervical tumor xenograft model.Then animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10) and treated respectively:group 1(control); group 2,cisplatin (5 mg/kg); group 3,PEG-Hb (0.6 g/kg); group 4 cisplatin (5 mg/kg) plus PEG-Hb (0.6 g/kg).The volume oftumors in each groups were measured in 4 weeks treatment period.Efficacy was measured as percent tumor growth inhibition (TGI) relative to salinetreated group.CD31 was detected by immunohistochemistry and its expression was identified as microvascular density (MVD).Expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and EPO/EPOR in tumor tissues were analyzed by irnmunohistochemistry.EPOR protein level was tested by western blot.ELISA method was used in measuring EPO concentration in serum.ResultsTumor volume was significantly decreased in group 4 compared with other groups.Immunoreactivity data demonstrated lower expression of CD31,HIF-1α and EPO/EPOR in group 4.The expression of EPOR in the endothelial cells was also significantly decreased in group 4.Western-blot data indicated lower EPOR protein level in group 4.Serum level of EPO was also decreased in group 4.ConclusionPEG-Hb plus cisplatin is benefit to tumor tissue oxygenation,therefore it can inhibit the tumor angiogenesis and down regulate the erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor system.The result can provide more evidence for the enhanced sensitivity effect of the artificial oxygen carrier in cancer therapy.

Objective Comparatively studying the method,efficiency and anti-hypoxia ability of cardiomyocytes which are directionally induced from human embryonic stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro so as to provide an experimental basis for further study of inducing the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes in vitro.Methods Human embryonic stem cells are induced into cardiomyocytes by suspension method which dosen't using inducersand adherence method which using inducers respectively.Mouse embryonic stem cells are induced into cardiomyocytes by hanging drop method which dosent using inducers and using inducer respectively.Staining the specific marker cTnT of cardiomyocytes by immunofluorescence.Comparing the time,percentage and beating frequency of cardiomyocytes by counting under the microscope.Using apoptosis-hoechst staining kit to detect the apoptosis ratio of beating cardiomyocytes which have been treated by hypoxia with 24 h.Results The group of hESC without inducers results in that the mean time days of appearing beating cardiomyocytes is (13.9 ± 0.9) days,the percentage is 20.8 ％ and the average frequency of beating is (63.8 ± 5.6) times/min.The group of hESC with inducers results in that the mean time days of appearing beating cardiomyocytes is (13.0 ± 1.1) days,the percentage is 66.7％ and the average frequency of beating is (63.0 ± 7.0) times/min.The group of mESC without inducers results in that the mean time days of appearing beating cardiomyocytes is (14.3 ± 1.0) days,the percentage is 12.5％ and the average frequency of beating is (80.2 ± 3.9) times/min.The group of mESC with inducers results in that the mean time days of appearing beating cardiomyocytes is (12.2 ± 1.2) days,the percentage is 81.3％ and the average frequency of beating is (79.9 ±7.7) times/min.Beating cardiomyocytes of each group are positive to cTnT staining.Different apoptosis ratio are detected of beating cardiomyocytes of each group.Conclusion The four methods can all successfully induce the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into myocardiocytes,and the adherent method of hESC induced with activin A + BMP4 is the first successful induction in China.The groups adding inducers improve the differentiation efficiency more significantly than the groups without adding inducers.Inducing mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes is more simple and efficient compared with human embryonic stem cells.Without the presence of other protective factor,anti-hypoxia ability of cardiomyocytes induced from human embryonic stem cells is stronger and the beating time are longer in vitro compared with mouse embryonic stem cells.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience for treating anterior mitral leaflet prolapse with an artificial chordal loop. Methods From January 2008 to August 2009, pre-measured ePTFE loops were used to treat anterior leaflet prolapse in 8 patients, 5 males and 3 females, aged from 28 to 68 ( average 56.0 ± 8.9 ) years. The heart function (NYHA) was class Ⅱ in 2 patients and class Ⅲ in 6. Echocardiography showed chordal rupture in 7 patients, 2 with chordal rupture and elongation and pure chordal elongation in 1. There were 3 patients with A1 segment prolapse of anterior mitral leaflet, 2 with A2 segment prolapse, 3 with both A2 and A3 segments prolepses by Carpentier standardization. There were 2 patients with posterior leaflet chordal rupture in P2 and P3 segment, 1 with cor triatrium. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) was 53 - 62 mm [average ( 57.2±3.8 ) mm]. Ejection fraction (EF) was 0.60 - 0. 68 ( average 0.63 ± 0.02). Heart-thoracic ratio was 0. 52 ± 0. 17. We measured the normal chordal using both a caliber and by echocardiography ( for comparison after operation). The artificial chordal loops was constructed on the caliber using ePTFE suture, and then fixed the loop to the papillary muscle and the free edge of the anterior leaflet. Results There was no operation death. Hemolysis after 2 days of operation in 1 patient was amended by alkalinization, diuresis and hormone treatment. Pre-discharge transthoracic echocardiography showed mild regurgitation in 1patient, trivial regurgitation in 7. LVEDD were 42 -51mm [average (47. 1 ±2.2) mm] significantly decreased than that of pre-operation. Following parameters were measured and compared with pre-operation: EF 0. 58 ± 0. 03 vs. 0. 63 ± 0. 02, beart function ( NYHA ) class 1.25 ± 0. 42 vs. 2.75 ± 0. 58. Normal chordal length measured by caliber was ( 21.20 ± 1.55 ) mm vs. ( 22. 10 ± 2.68 ) mm by echocardiography. Anticoagulate therapy with warfarin was for 3 months after discharge and followed-up all the patients [1 - 19 months, average (8.2 ± 4.3 ) months]. Post operative echocardiography showed mild regurgitation in 1 patient, no or trivial regurgitation in 7 patients. The heart function class was evident improved compared with pre-operation :6 patients in class Ⅰ , 2 patients in class Ⅱ. Conclusion The pre-measured ePTFE loop is reliable and reproducible confirmed by short term follow-up for treating anterior leaflet prolapse.