Vitamin D has a wide range of biochemical effects. Insufficiency/ deficiency of vitamin D increases the risk of insulin resistance by ways of inflammation,adipocytokines,oxidative stress and mitochondria function,it could lead to metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid,which closely relates to the incidence and development of obesity and metabolic syndrome on children. This paper presents the relationship between vitamin D with obesity and metabolic syndrome on children,states the possible mechanisms of regulation of glucose/ lipid metabolism and insulin resistance by vitamin D.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational application of cephalosporins in the clinic. METHODS:The applica-tion of cephalosporins antibiotics in our hospital during 2010-2014 was analyzed dynamically in respects of consumption sum, DDD,DDC,DDDs,etc. RESULTS:During 2010-2014,the proportion of total consumption sum of antibiotics in total consump-tion sum kept below 30%,and decreased year by year,decreasing from 27.35% in 2010 to 14.70% in 2014. Among antibiotics, the consumption sum and DDDs of cephalosporins were the highest;consumption sum decreased year by year,decreasing from 44.50% in 2010 to 30.49% in 2014;DDDs increased year by year,increasing from 11.00×104 in 2012 to 14.22×104 in 2014. The consumption sum and DDDs of second generation cephalosporins were the highest. The consumption sum of cefotiam ranked the first place;DDDs of cefprozi ranked the first place during 2010-2011,while cefotiam ranked the first place during 2012-2014. DDC of cefpirome was the highest during 2010-2011,and that of cefamandole was the highest during 2012-2014,indicating it was expensive. The serial number ratio of cefprozi and cefuroxim was always >1 during those years,which indicated it was cheap and used frequently;that of most drugs were close to 1. CONCLUSIONS:The application of cephalosporins in our hospital tend to be rational,but the propaganda and supervision of rational use of antibiotics should be further strengthened.

Objective To explore the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs)group Ⅲ and its subtypes mGluR7 and mGluR8 in nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS)in cardiac-somatic motor reflex (CMR),and to clarify the modulation role of mGluR Ⅲ and its subtypes in NTS in cardiac nociceptoion.Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into L-AP4 group,microinjection of mGluRs Ⅲ agonist L-AP4 0.1,1.0,10.0 or 20.0 nmol in NTS;AMN082 group,microinjection of mGluR7 agonist AMN082 1,2 or 4 nmol;DCPG group,microinjection of mGluR8 agonist DCPG 4, 6 or 8 nmol;MSOP group, microinjection of mGluR Ⅲ antagonist MSOP 20 or 100 nmol,20 nmol MSOP+410 nmol L-AP,20 nmol MSOP+2 nmol AMN082,20 nmol MSOP+6 nmol DCPG. The changes of CMR of the rats in various groups were observed.Results Compared with control,the CMR in L-AP4 and AMN082 groups was decreased (P<0.05);the CMR in DCPG group was increased (P<0.05);the CMR in MSOP group after injection of 20 nmol MSOP had no change (P>0.05);the CMR in MSOP group after injection of 100 nmol MSOP was increased (P<0.05);the CMR in MSOP group after injection of 20 nmol MSOP followed L-AP4 or AMNO82 had no change (P>0.05).Conclusion The group Ⅲ mGluRs in the NTS play an inhibitory role in cardiac nociception, and mGluR7 has anti-nociceptive effects while mGluR8 has pro-nociceptive effects.

Objective To study the role of glutamate receptor subtypes in nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS)in cardiac-somatic motor reflex (CMR)induced by intrapericardial administration of capsaicin,and to clarify the modulation mechanism of NTS to cardiac nociceptoion.Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into ibotenic (IBO)group, glutamate group, MK-801 group, MCGP group, MK-801 + MCPG group and DNQX group. The NTS microinjected with 130 mmol·L-1 IBO 100 nL,100,200,500 mmol·L-1 L-glutamate 100 nL,NMDA receptor antagonist 40 and 60 mmol · L-1 MK-801 100 nL, metabotropic glutamate receptors antagonist 25 and 50 mmol·L-1 MCPG 100 nL,25 mmol· L-1 MCPG 50 nL plus 40 mmol· L-1 MK-801 50 nL,non-NMDA receptor antagonist 20 and 50 mmol·L-1 DNQX 100 nL,respectively.The changes of CMR of the rats in various groups were observed.Results Compared with control group,the CMR of the rats in IBO group was decreased (P<0.05);the CMR was increased as the concentration increased in glutamate group(P<0.05);the CMR in MK-801 and MCPG groups were decreased (P<0.05);the CMR in MK-801+MCPG group was decreased (P<0.05);the CMR in DXQX group had no changes (P>0.05).Conclusion NTS play an facilictory role in cardiac nociception,and the NMDA receptors and mGluRs receptors mediate this facilitory modulation.

Objective To establish a method to measure Angiotensin Converting Enzyme activity in serum by MECC. Method Mixture of serum and substrate Hip-His-Leu had been incubated for 120 min at 37℃, substrate Hip-His-Leu was digested into two parts, Hip and His-Leu. The reaction was ended by 0. 1 mmol/L HC1 , the production was analyzed by MECC directly to detecte content of Hip in production, and calculated ACE activity. Running buffer was 20 mmol/L pH 9. 0 boric acid-borate buffer (including SDS 50 mmol/L) , capillary column was 75?m i. d.?37 cm, injection was 3s by press, voltage was 16 kV, running time was 7. 5 min, detected by UV detector at 200 nm, tempreture was 20℃. Result The within-run and between-run CV was 2. 7% and 5. 2%. The detection limits of ACE activity was 0. 2 IU/L ( singal/noise = 3). The ACE activity and absorption was linearly related from 2. 4 to 72 IU/L. The mean value of ACE was 5. 2-21. 9 IU/L (x?1. 96 s) in 50 normals. Conclusion It was a one of rapid, precise methods for determination of ACE activity in serum.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that freeze-drying had great influence on internal heat transfer, such as pore distribution and void connectivity, however, the mechanisms involved in heat and mass transfer during drying is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: Based on the previous studies, micro CT was served as analytical tool, to observe the movement characteristics of sublimation interface in freeze-drying process.METHODS: With aorta of pig, micro-CT scanning, image reconstruction and the technique of grey value analysis were used to observe and analyze the sublimation process in freeze-drying. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The slope of freeze-drying temperature curve was large at first, causing quick sublimation rate. The grey value of freeze-drying and ice crystal area was very different in second-dimensional cross-sectional reconstructed image.Sublimation interface was clear and sublimation took place simultaneously both in the outer'surface and inner surface. The movement of sublimation interface was obvious at this time. Along with the time, the slope of freeze-drying temperature curve became small, leading to slow sublimation rate. The movement of sublimation interface turned unciearly.For the vertically placed artery, when heated at the bottom, the sublimation takes place both in the outer surface and inner surfaceat the same time. The sublimation interface slowly approaches to the middle of vessel wall. With time prolonged, resistance for heat and mass transfer in freeze-drying is increased, and the sublimation rate becomes slowly.

Objective To investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) , hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF 1?) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their clinical significance. Methods The expressions of VEGF, HIF 1? and EGF in 36 cases of HCC and corresponding paraneoplastic tissues and normal liver tissues (6 cases) were studied by immunohistochemistry assay. ResultsThe expression rate of VEGF, HIF 1? and EGF in HCC tissue was 89%, 67% and 75% respectively, higher than those in paraneoplastic tissues and normal liver tissues ( P

Objective To establish and optimize the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technical platform for the blood serum proteome research in patients with end stage renal disease(ESRD).Methods Immobiline pH gradients isoelectric focusing was used as the first dimensional gel electrophoresis and the vertical SDS-PAGE was used as the second dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).The 4 differentially expressed protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry.Results Satisfactory 2-DE maps of ESRD patients serum protein were obtained and there were some differentially protein spots between the 2-DE maps of ESRD patients and normal controls.Conclusions The 2-DE technology for the serum proteome of ESRD patients is set up.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for compound Yinchen mixture. Methods:A TLC method was used to i-dentify Artemisiae scopariae Herba,Gardeniae Fructus, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in the mixture. An HPLC method was used to quan-titatively analyze the concentration of chlorogenic acid and geniposide. Results:The TLC spots were clear without any interference the negative control. The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 0. 04-0. 20 mg·ml-1 ,and that of geniposide was 0. 05-0. 25 mg·ml-1 . The average recovery of chlorogenic acid was 94. 4% with RSD of 1. 85%, and that of geniposide was 102. 2% with RSD of 1. 15%( n=6). Conclusion:The method is accurate,reliable,specific and reproducible,which can be used for the quality control of compound Yinchen mixtures.

Objective To establish the quality standard for Xiaoyao Effervescent Tablets.Methods Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Bupleuri and Radix Glycyrrhizae in the tables were identified by TLC.Paeoniflorin content was determined by HPLC.Results Radix Paeoniae Alba,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Bupleuri and Radix Glycyrrhizae could be identified by TLC,and the identification was highly specific without interference.The linear range of paeoniflorin was 0.082 ? g～ 1.025 ? g.The average recovery was 100.44 %(RSD=2.37 %).Conclusion The method is simple,reliable,and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Xiaoyao Effervescent TabLets.