ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation of Skp2,p27kiP1 and p21WAF1 expression with the clinicopathological features of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas.Methods Expressions of Skp2 ,p27kiP1 and p21WAF1 were examined by immunohistochemical staining in 124 epithelial ovarian tumors (25 serous cystadenomas, 19 borderline serous cystadenomas, and 80 serous cystadenocarcinomas) Results(1) The expression of Skp2 in serous cystadenocarcinomas (47.5％)was significantly higher than that in borderline serous cystadenomas (0％)and serous cystadenomas (0％)(P ＜ 0.001) .The p27kiP1 expression in serous cystadenocarcinomas (35.0％) was significantly lower than that in borderline serous cystadenomas(73.7％)and serous cystadenomas (80.0％) .The p21WAF1 staining frequency in serous cystadenocarcinomas (38.8％)was significantly lower than in borderline serous cystadenomas (73.7％)and serous cystadenomas (80.0％) .(2) The Skp2 protein expression in serous cystadenocarcinomas was positively correlated with clinicopathological stage,histological differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis of the tumors.The p27kiP1, p21WAF1 protein expression in serous cystadenocarcinomas was reversely correlated with clinicopathological stage and histological differentiation degree of the tumors(Ps ＜ 0.05) .(3) The Skp2 protein expression in serous cystadenocarcinomas was reversely correlated with that of p27kiP1 , p21WAF1.Conclusion The Skp2 protein expression in serous cystadenocarcinomas was increased and positively correlated with the clinicopathological features of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas.Skp2 protein expression was reversely correlated with p27kip1 ,p21WAF1.Skp2 protein expression may play an important role in the development and progression of serous cystadenocarcinomas.

With the continuous development in microfluidic fabrication technology, microfluidic analysis has evolved from a concept to one of research frontiers in last twenty years. The research of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors based on microfluidic devices has also made great progress. Microfluidic technology improved greatly the analytical performance of the research of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors by reducing the consumption of reagents, decreasing the analysis time, and developing automation. This review focuses on the development and classification of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors research based on microfluidic devices.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of folic acid against cholestatic liver injury in mice induced by bis（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） exposure and its mechanism. MethodsICR mice were randomly divided into control group， high-dose folic acid （H-FA） group， DEHP group， DEHP+low-dose folic acid （DEHP+L-FA） group， and DEHP+high-dose folic acid （DEHP+H-FA） group， with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the H-FA group， the DEHP+L-FA group， and the DEHP+H-FA group were given folic acid by gavage at the corresponding dose， and those in the control group and the DEHP group were given an equal volume of PBS solution by gavage. After 2 hours， the mice in the DEHP group， the DEHP+L-FA group， and the DEHP+H-FA group were given corn oil containing 200 mg/kg DEHP， and those in the control group and the H-FA group were given an equal volume of pure corn oil， by gavage for 4 weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded every day， and blood and liver tissue samples were collected. A biochemical analyzer was used to measure the serum levels of total bile acid （TBA） and alkaline phosphatase（ALP）； HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of liver tissue； kits were used to measure the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the liver； LC-MS/MS was used to measure serum bile acid profiles； Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of proteins associated with hepatic bile acid metabolism. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the control group， the daily food intake of the mice in the DEHP group decreased significantly， and the body weight decreased significantly from day 10 （P<0.05）， and compared with the DEHP group， the DEHP+L-FA group and the DEHP+H-FA group had basically unchanged body weight and daily food intake （P>0.05）. Compared with the control group， the DEHP group had significant increases in liver weight index and the serum levels of TBA and ALP （all P<0.05）， with enlarged portal area， bile duct deformity and hyperplasia， and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue； compared with the DEHP group， the DEHP+L-FA group and the DEHP+H-FA group had a significant reduction in liver weight index （P<0.01）， and the DEHP+H-FA group had significant reductions in the serum levels of TBA and ALP （P<0.05）， with a significant improvement in liver histomorphology and structure after folic acid intervention. Compared with the control group， the DEHP group had a significant reduction in the content of SOD （P<0.05） and a significant increase in the content of MDA in the liver （P<0.01）， and compared with the DEHP group， the DEHP+H-FA group had significant reductions in the content of MDA and SOD （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the DEHP group had significant increases in the serum levels of α-muricholic acid （α-MCA），β- muricholic acid （β-MCA），deoxycholic acid （DCA）， lithocholic acid （LCA）， taurocholic acid （TCA）， taurodeoxycholic acid （TDCA）， tauroursodeoxycholic acid （TUDCA）， tauro-β-muricholic acid （T-β-MCA）， tauro-α-muricholic acid （T-α-MCA）， taurohyodeoxycholic acid （THDCA）， and taurolithocholic acid （TLCA） （P<0.05） and a significant reduction in ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA）（P<0.05）； compared with the DEHP group， the DEHP+H-FA group had significant reductions in the serum levels of DCA， LCA， TCA， TDCA， TUDCA， T-β-MCA， T-α-MCA， THDCA， and TLCA （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， the DEHP group had significant increases in the protein expression levels of FXR and CYP3A11 in the liver （P<0.01） and significant reductions in the protein expression levels of CYP7A1 and MRP2 （P<0.01）； compared with the DEHP group， the DEHP+L-FA group and the DEHP+H-FA group had significant reductions in the protein expression levels of FXR and CYP3A11 in the liver （P<0.05） and a significant increase in the protein expression level of MRP2 （P<0.05）， and the DEHP+H-FA group had a significant increase in the protein expression level of CYP7A1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionFolic acid has a protective effect against cholestatic liver injury in mice induced by DEHP exposure， possibly by regulating bile acid synthesis， catabolism， and transport and maintaining bile acid homeostasis.

Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds (-), were isolated from the of Linn. Structurally, alisolides A‒F (-), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H () is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge. Alisolide I () represents the first example of 23,24-acetal triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, wherein the absolute configurations of ‒, were further confirmed by the Mo(OAc)-induced ECD method. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in Caco-2 cells, and all the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activities, with IC values in the range of 0.76-38.20 μmol/L.

With continuous discovery of tumor immune targets and continuous changes in antibody research and development technology, antibody drugs are becoming more and more widely used in clinical practice. However, some targets are not only expressed on tumor cells, but also on red blood cells. Therefore, the clinical application of antibodies against the corresponding targets may interfere with the detection of blood transfusion compatibility, resulting in difficulty in blood matching or delay of blood transfusion. This consensus summarizes the current solutions for the interference of CD38 monoclonal antibody (CD38 mAb) in transfusion compatibility testing. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, polybrene and sulfhydryl reducing agents [dithiothreitol (DTT) or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me)], as a solution for CD38 mAb interference in blood compatibility testing, are recommended for Chinese patients, so as to eliminate blood transfusion interference produce by CD38 mAb and further provide a pre-transfusion workflow for clinicians and technicians in Department of Blood Transfusion.