Pinocembrin, belonging to flavanons, was isolated from various plants. Pinocembrin has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as neuroprotective effect, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant efficacy. Pinocembrin was approved as class I drugs to its phase II clinical trial by CFDA in 2009, mainly used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. As a promising compound, the manufacturing technologies of pinocembrin, including chemical synthesis, extraction from plant and synthetic biology, have attracted many attentions. Compared with the first two technologies, synthetic biology has many advantages, such as environment-friendly and low-cost. Construction of biosynthetic pathway in microorganism offers promising results for large scale pinocembrin production by fermentation after taking lots of effective strategies. This article reviews some of recent strategies in microorganisms to improve the yield, with focus on the selection of appropriate the key enzyme sources, the supply of precursors and cofactors by microorganisms, the choice of substance and the level of the key enzyme expression.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Fermentation ; Flavanones ; biosynthesis ; Industrial Microbiology ; Plants ; Synthetic Biology

Virus-like particles (VLPs) structurally mimic the authentic virus whereas contain no viral genome. VLPs technique plays an important role in basic research such as virus assembly and virus morphology diversity. With special immunology properties, VLPs vaccine can induce immune response effectively. VLPs can act as adjuvant by regulating dendritic cells. Other adjuvant or polypeptide can be integrated into VLPs to construct chimeric vaccines. With the capability of packaging nucleic acid or other small molecules, VLPs can be used for vehicles to deliver these substances under suitable conditions. VLPs can substitute natural virus in immunology assay.

AIM To study the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning against oxidative stress damage in PC12 cell and the relationships between brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning. METHODS The viability of PC12 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by PI stain flow cytometer. Expression of BDNF was analyzed by immuo flow cytometer. RESULTS After H 2O 2 preconditioning, the survival of PC12 cells exposure to H 2O 2 (20～60 ?mol?L -1 ) was increased and the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 (20 or 30 ?mol?L -1 ) was inhibited and the expression of BDNF in PC12 cells was enhanced. CONCLUSION H 2O 2 preconditioning is protective against the damage of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 and its mechanisms may involve up modulation of the expression of BDNF.

Objective This study was to examine the expression of tyrosine kinase receptor(TKRs)C-kit,C-abl and PDGFR?,in ovary carcinoma.Methods The expression of C-kit,C-abl and PDGFR? in tumor tissue of 60 specimens of ovary carcinoma and normal fissue of 20 specimens of overy was examined by immunohistochemistry SP method.Results Immunoreactivity was detected in 79% of the tumor to at least one TKR.The total positive expression rate of C-kit,C-abl and PDGFR? in ovary carcinoma was 58.3%,70%,73.3%,respectively.The positive expression rate of C-kit and PDGFR? is significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues(P

Objective To investigate the correlation between the incidence and characteristics of anemia in chronic heart failure population through retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized at the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital.Methods A total of 259 patients who were diagnosed as chronic heart failure (CHF) and hospitalized at the Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from October to November in 2012 was collected,and divided into cardiac function Ⅰ ～ Ⅳ grade,then their clinical characteristics was analyzed.Results (1)Compared with CHF patients without anemia,the creatinine value was significantly higher,the percentage of patients with severe heart failure was significantly higher in the CHF patients with anemia (P＜ 0.05).(2) Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (95％ CI:1.123 ～ 3.580,P ＜ 0.05),renal insufficiency (95％ CI:1.320 ～ 4.845,P ＜ 0.05),and cardiac function (95 ％ CI:1.368 ～ 3.385,P ＜ 0.05) in patients with heart failure were important risk factors for anemia.Conclusions Anemia was common in CHF patients.The poorer cardiac function was and the lower hemoglobin was,the higher incidence of anemia was.The patients with anemia had the characteristics of worse renal function and poorer nutritional status compared patients without anemia.Age,renal insufficiency,and cardiac function were important risk factors for anemia.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth.Methods :35 cases of impacted supernumerary teeth were included.Excluding extraction contraindications,preoperative X-ray or dental CT examina-tion was executed to find out the location of the impacted teeth and adjacent anatomical structures.According to the location,operation approach was selected to extract the impacted supernumerary teeth using minimally invasive apparatus.Intraoperative and postoperative feeling of the patients and the complications were recorded.Results:Operation time lasted from 1 0 to 40 minutes,average 1 5 minutes. All patients maintained good comfort in the operation.8.6% patients had postoperative adverse reactions such as mild pain and discom-fort.None had serious reactions.Conclusion:Minimally invasive extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth has less complication and less uncomfort.

AIM:To explore the roles of Akt ( also called protein kinase B ) and active caspase-3 in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats .METHODS: A model of chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance was established in the SD rats .The protein levels of spinal Akt and cleaved caspase-3 were tested by Western blotting.The technique of immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity positive cells of phospho -rylated ( p)-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the spinal cord .Double staining of immunohistochemistry was used to examine the cellular location of the p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 positive cells.RESULTS: The chronic intrathecal injection of morphine (15 μg) for 7 d markedly upregulated the spinal protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the rats.Thirty min before injection of morphine , intrathecal injection of leptin antagonist (3μg) for 7 d significantly attenuated the upreg-ulation of the protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 induced by chronic morphine treatment .The p-Akt was exclu-sively observed in the spinal neurons .The cleaved caspase-3 was only localized with the spinal astrocytes .Intrathecal injec-ting the inhibitors of leptin , Akt and caspase-3 ameliorated the chronic antinociceptive tolerance .CONCLUSION: The spinal Akt pathway and active caspase-3 are involved in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats.

AIM To study the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in lymphocytes modified by BDNF gene and its effect on the proliferation and the H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells for the transfer of ex vivo therapeutic gene into central nervous system (CNS) tissue with atraumatic means. METHODS Recombined BDNF cDNA plasmid was transfected by LipofectAMINE into the packing cell line PA317 and G418-resistant clones with highest titer was selected. Rat lymphocytes were infected repeatedly with virus supernatant. The expression of BDNF in rat lymphocytes was assayed by FCM and immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of PC12 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells was determined by PI stain flow cytometry. RESULTS BDNF expressed in rat lymphocytes genetically modified and the concentration of BDNF in the conditioned medium of engineered lymphocytes had a linear correlation with the proliferation of the PC12 cells. The supernatant of lymphocytes modified by BDNF gene decreased the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2. CONCLUSION Rat lymphocytes genetically modified can express and secret active BDNF in vitro.

Forty one patients with esophageal carcinoma (T3N1 M0 or less) underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in prone position for esophagectomy from September 2006 to September 2010.The postoperative outcome and survival of patients were retrospectively analyzed.The results confirmed the feasibility and safety of this minimally invasive esophagectomy performed by thoracoscopy in the prone position for patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Thirty-three patients with esophageal carcinoma (T3N1M0 or less) underwent thoracoscopic surgery in lateral prone position for esophagectomy from February 2010 to November 2012.Their postoperative outcomes and survivals were retrospectively analyzed.The results confirmed the feasibility and safety of this mini-invasive thoracoscopic procedure in lateral prone position for patients with esophageal carcinoma.A possible advantage of lateral prone technique is that in case of an emergency switch to open surgery,precious time may be saved in changing body position.