It is hypothesized that H 2S is the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter, after NO and CO. Endogenous H 2S may regulate some aspects of synaptic activity via cAMP mediated pathways and function as a neuromodulator or transmitter. H 2S is an endogenous vasorelaxant factor that activates K ATP channels and hyperpolarizes membrane potential of vascular SMCs. By directly acting on vascular SMCs, H 2S may reduce the extracellular calcium entry and relax vascular tissues.

Objective:To analyze the effect of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection on patients with large esophageal superficial neoplasms.Methods: Chosen patients with large esophageal superficial neoplasms in our hospital as research object, randomly divided into control group treated by endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) and observation group treated by endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection(ESTD), compared surgery related indicators, complications and treatment outcomes.Results: 1)Observation group patients’ tumor stripping rate (23.17±4.73)/min was significantly higher than control group patients’ (12.65±2.19)/min; Intraoperative blood loss(9.14±0.67)ml, total length of hospital stay (7.34±1.89) d, were significantly less than control group patients with intraoperative blood loss(21.38±3.14)ml, total length of hospital stay (13.21±3.05)d, t value was 4.965, 5.395, 4.932, respectively(t=4.965,t=5.395,t=4.932;P<0.05); 2)Observation group patients esophageal bleeding ESTD rate(5.26%), esophageal stricture rate(31.58%), mediastinal emphysema rate(5.26%), esophageal perforation rate of 0, were significantly less than control group patients with esophageal bleeding rate(31.58%), esophageal stricture rate(5.26%), mediastinal emphysema rate(21.05%), esophageal perforation rate (26.32%), t value were 4.378, 4.378, 4.471, 5.758, (t=4.378,t=4.378,t=4.471,t=5.758;P<0.05); 3)Observation group patients with no recurrence during the follow-up period, control group patients with local recurrence rate of 21.05%, t value 8.623,P<0.05(t=8.623, P<0.05).Conclusion: Endoscopic tunnel mucosal stripping technique can effectively improve the complete tumor removal rate, during the process of optimization operation at the same time reduce the occurrence of complications, to the improvement of the prognosis of patients with positive clinical significance.

Objective To investigate the effect of 50Hz magnetic field on the monoamine neurotransmitters contents in the hippocampus of rats. Methods 32 male SD rats were divided into 4 groups, exposed to 50 Hz magnetic field at the density of 0, 0.1, 1.2, and 1.6 mT, 2 h a day for a certain time. The contents of NE, E, DA and 5-HT were measured by HPLC. Results The contents of NE, DA and 5-HT in hippocampus were increased when the young rats were exposed to 1.2 and 1.6 mT for 10 days, the changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in 0.1 mT exposed group was not significant. The increase in monoamine neurotransmitters was disappeared when the 1.6 mT exposed group stop being exposed to the magnetic field for 30 days, while the monoamine neurotransmitters contents were decreased when the young rats were continuously exposed to 1.2 mT for 90 days. The contents of NE, DA and 5-HT, except E, in the old rats were decreased significantly when exposed to 0.1 mT intensity for 8 months. Conclusion Magnetic field exposure may affect the monoamine neurotransmitters content in the hippocampus, which may be responsible for the changes of learning and memory of rats induced by 50 Hz magnetic field exposure.

Objective To study the effects of short-term and long-term exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic field(ELFEMF)on Morris learning and memory among rats. Methods Both younger(2-3 months old)and adult(18 months old)male SD rats were exposed to 50 Hz uniform ELFEMF with continuously adjusted intensities(0.1,1.2,1.6 mT) developed by Helmholtz coil pair for 10 days to 8 months. The levels of escape latency and the crossing annulus coefficients reflecting the behavioral changes in place navigation ability and spatial probe ability were examined by Morris water maze after exposure to ELFEMF among rats. Results The escape latency was shortened and the crossing annulus coefficients were increased compared with those of control group when the younger rats were exposed to 0.1,1.2 and 1.6 mT ELFEMF for 10 days respectively,and only revealed significant differences in 1.2 and 1.6 mT ELFEMF exposure groups compared with those of control group. In the younger rats of 1.6 mT ELFEMF exposure group with 10-day exposure ,their escape latencies were prolonged and the crossing annulus coefficients were decreased gradually and showed no significant differences compared with those of control group after the 30-day blank exposure period without ELFEMF.The younger rats of 1.2 mT ELFEMF exposure group showed significantly longer escape latency and lower crossing annulus coefficient compared those of control group after continuous 90-day exposure to 1.2 mT ELFEMF. The escape latency of adult rats in 0.1 mT ELFEMF exposure group showed no significant difference after 10-day exposure,was prolonged after 4-month exposure,and was significantly prolonged further more after 8-month exposure. Conclusion The learning and memory ability could be promoted by short-term ELFEMF exposure and impaired by long-term ELFEMF exposure for the young rats,and could be obviously inhibited by long-term ELFEMF exposure for the adult rats.

Aim To study the adaptive protection of H_2O_2 preconditioning against dopamine-induced damage in PC12 cells.Methods The apoptosis of PC12 cells was observed by electron microscope, PI stain flow cytometry (FCM) and Hoechst stain. The mitochondrial energy redox state was measured by MTT assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential(△?m) was investigated by the fluorescent probe of rhodamine 123.Results PC12 cells exposed to 50 ?mol?L -1 DA showed chromatin condensation and nucleus fragmentation observed by electron microscope. Exposure to DA (50 ?mol?L -1) for 24 h, the apoptosis of PC12 cells preconditioned by 10 ?mol?L -1 H_2O_2 for 90 min as measured by Hoechst stain was significantly decreased,compared with no-preconditioned cells. Exposure to 50,100,and 200 ?mol?L -1 H_2O_2 for 24 h, the proportion of apoptosis of PC12 cells was decreased from (20.9?1.8)%, (40.5?6.4)% and (88.1?3.9)% to (4.9?2.9)%, (12.0?1.4)%, (61.5?3.4)% after H_2O_2 preconditioning, respectively. By exposuring PC12 cells to 20,40,and 80 ?mol?L -1 DA for 24 h, the rates of MTT metabolism were reduced and the effect was prevented by H_2O_2 preconditioning. After 50 ?mol?L -1 DA exposure for 24 h,the mean fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 123 in no-preconditioned PC12 cells was decreased from (46.87?0.33) to (4.39?2.93),and that of preconditioned PC12 cells was decreased from (46.87?0.33) to (10.50?0.28). Conclusion H_2O_2 preconditioning possesses adaptive protection against dopamine-induced damage in PC12 cells.

Objective To observe the effect of estrogen on H2O2-induced apoptosis and to explore the mechanism of protection by estrogen.Methods Setting up the experimental model of apoptosis induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells. The viability of cells was assessed by MTT assay. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase was detected by colorimetry. Hoechst 33258 was used as indicator of apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry (FCM) with propidium iodide stain. The activity of caspase-3 was detected by colorimetry. Results H2O2 significantly decreased the viability of cell, increased LDH release and promoted apoptosis as well as caspase-3 activity in PC12. Estrogen markedly reduced these changes. Conclusion Estrogen reduces apoptosis induced by H2O2, and its mechanisms may be explained by inhibition of activation of caspase-3.

AIM To investigate the poteintation of adriamycin induced apoptosis by neferine in resistant human breast cancer cell line MCF 7/Adr. METHODS Apoptosis was detected by PI stain flow cytometry and Tunel assay. The intracellular adriamycin (ADR) accumulation was assayed by HPLC and the expression of P gp was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS (1)MCF 7/Adr cells resisted the apoptosis induced by ADR while Nef augmented ADR medidated apoptosis; (2) Nef (10 ?mol?L -1 ) increased the accumulation of ADR up to 2 88 fold in MCF 7/Adr cells but not in sensitive cells MCF 7/S; (3) Nef(10 ?mol?L -1 ) reduced the expression of P gp in MCF 7/Adr cells. CONCLUSIONS Nef can overcome apoptosis resistance in MCF 7/Adr cells and its mechanisms are involved in the augment of ADR accumulation and the down-modulation of P gp expression in MCF 7/Adr cells.

Objective To explore the protection and mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) preconditioning against injury induced by cisplatin in human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HMMSCs).Methods HMMSCs were treated by cisplatin at 0,5,10,20,40,60,80 mg/L concentrations for 24 h respectively and were exposed to cisplatin at 20 mg/L concentrations for 0,6,12,24,36,48 h respectively.HMMSCs were pretreated with NaHS at 0,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 mmol/L respectively for 30 min before exposed to cisplatin at 20 mg/L concentrations for 24 h.HMMSCs were treated by U0126 or combined with human epidermal growth factor (HEGF) together for 30 min before they were preconditioned with NaHS for 30 min.The cell survival rate,cell apoptosis rate,the expression of p-ERK1/2 and t-ERK1/2 were recorded.Results The cell survival rate decreased to 71.72％±2.72％,59.41％±5.44％,50.37％±4.55％,38.97％±2.92％,30.11％±4.64％ and 21.71％±5.35％ respectively after cells were treated with cisplatin at 5,10,20,40,60,80 mg/L concentrations respectively,and the differences were statistically significant compared with 0 mg/L group.The cell viability fell to 70.30％±6.20％,61.63％±2.70％,51.29％±3.13％,38.72％±3.66％ and 27.57％±2.32％ after HMMSCs were treated with cisplatin at 20 mg/L for 6,12,24,36,48 h respectively,and the differences were statistically significant compared with 0 h group.The cell viability increased to 65.99％±2.67％,72.93％±5.44％,75.10％±4.71％ and 76.56％± 5.25％ when HMMSCs got pretreatment of NaHS,and the differences had statistical significance compared with cisplatin group.The cell apoptotic rate decreased from 35.29％±2.77％ to 18.62％±0.97％ when HMMSCs were pretreated with NaHS at 0.6 mmo/L.Treatment of HMMSCs with cisplatin at 20 mg/L for 24 h reduced p-ERK1/2 expression.The pretreatment of NaHS could inhibit the inhibitory action to the expression of p-ERK1/2 induced by cisplatin.Pretreatment with U0126 or HEGF inhibited or promoted the protection and the upregulated expression ofp-ERK1/2 caused by NaHS pretreatment.Conclusion The preconditioning of H2S can protect cell damage caused by cisplatin via activating the ERK1/2 pathway of HMMSCs.

AIM To study the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning against oxidative stress damage in PC12 cell and the relationships between brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the adaptive cytoprotection of H 2O 2 preconditioning. METHODS The viability of PC12 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by PI stain flow cytometer. Expression of BDNF was analyzed by immuo flow cytometer. RESULTS After H 2O 2 preconditioning, the survival of PC12 cells exposure to H 2O 2 (20～60 ?mol?L -1 ) was increased and the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 (20 or 30 ?mol?L -1 ) was inhibited and the expression of BDNF in PC12 cells was enhanced. CONCLUSION H 2O 2 preconditioning is protective against the damage of PC12 cells induced by H 2O 2 and its mechanisms may involve up modulation of the expression of BDNF.

Objective To compare the knee of patient controlled subcutaneous injection of morphine analge-sia after hip joint replacement ( PCSA ) and intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia ( PCIA ) effect and safety of postoperative analgesia.Methods 60 patients undergoing artificial total knee arthroplasty patients were selected and randomly divided into PCIA group of 30 cases,30 cases in group PCSA, two patients were completed under epidural anesthesia in the operation.Group PCIA and group PCSA single dose divided into 1mg/and 2.5mg/, lock time divided into 5min,20min,in the postoperative pain perception,from the patient's own pain medication.After 4h,8h,12h,24h record patient morphine dosage,frequency,pain score (VAPS),mean arterial blood pressure and re-spiratory rate,compose degree,analgesic effects were compared between the two groups.Results In group PCSA after 24h treatment for the total dose was (30.41 ±10.00) mg,significantly higher than that of group PCIA (18.03 ± 6.04)mg,there was significant difference between the two groups (t=3.98,P<0.05);but after each time point of the two groups of patients the average dosage had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).PCIA group after 0-4h and >4-8h analgesia and sedation were better than those in PCSA group (t=3.4,3.2,3.5,3.7,all P<0.05), PCIA group,the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting was 30%,higher than 12%in the PCSA group,there was sig-nificant difference between the two groups (χ2 =5.76,P<0.05).Conclusion The two kinds of methods of analge-sia has a good analgesic effect,but PCSA analgesia is slower,less adverse reactions,should be given a loading dose at the beginning before PCSA,in order to improve the early analgesia effect.