Venous thromboembolism is not a rare disorder.The imaging methods mostly used nowadays to diagnose thrombosis and to determine the age of thrombus include ultrasonography,CT,magnetic resonance imaging,venography and nuclear medicine.Accurate determination of the age of thrombus is of great clinical value in guiding the clinical management,in evaluating the therapeutic results and in predicting the prognosis.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review of the above mentioned imaging examinations.

Objective To investigate the effect of rapid repeated cold air inhalation stimulation on cold-sensitive chan-nel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1) associated inflammatory cytokines in living lungs .Methods A total of 20 male Wistar rats were randomly and evenly divided into 4 groups:cold air inhalation group , warm air inhalation group , TRPA1 channel agonist inhalation group and normal group , respectively . Tracheal intubation was carried out after anesthesia in rats of cold air inhalation group , and the tubes were linked to the air temperature controlled device with the temperature controlled at ( 2 ±1 )℃.The rats of warm air inhalation group were treated in the same way as cold air inhalation group except for the temperature at (36 ±1)℃.The rats of both groups were treated for 3 times, 1 hour each time.There were 12 hour intervals between treatments .The rats of TRPA1 channel agonist inhalation group were treated with atomizing inhalation of 60 mmol/L acrolein at room temperature (24 ±2)℃for 3 times, 1 hour each time.There were 12 hour intervals between two treatments .The rats were sacrificed after the last treatment .The tracheas and left lung tissues of all rats were taken and total RNA was extracted .The mRNA expressions of TRPA1, interleukin 1 beta ( IL-1β), interleukin 5(IL-5),and neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine (CXCL-1/KC)in the rat lungs were detected by real-time quantitative PCR .Results TRPA1 was expressed in rat lung tissues .In the short term cold air inhalation group , the expressions of IL-1β,IL-5 and CXCL-1/KC mRNA in the rat lungs were higher than those of the warm air inhalation or the normal groups .Similar results were also found in the specific TRPA 1 channel positive agonist ( acrolein ) inhalation group . Conclusion In living animals, the TRPA1 channels of the lungs can be activated by short-term cold air(<17℃),which results in the increasing expression of some inflammatory cytokines in lungs .

Objective To explore the value of digital mammography in diagnosis of the negative palpable breast cancer in rural ar-eas.Methods 6 754 women randomly selected among 13 700 female outpatients (range,30-83 years)in rural areas underwent dig-ital mammography no matter they had breast palpable masses or not.Results 72 cases with breast cancer were diagnosed by digital mammography (72/6 754).Clinical palpation showed positive in 59 cases (59/72)and negative in 13 cases (13/72)with aged 35-77 years.Among 13 cases with negative palpable breast cancer,6 cases were carcinomas in situ,3 cases were intraductal carcinomas,and 4 cases were infiltrating ductal carcinomas.Conclusion Digital mammography may help in detection of the negative palpable breast cancer in early time.

Objective The health risk behaviors of undergraduates exist universally, which can induce other social problems. The aim of this study was to describe the present situation and analyze the influencing factors of health risk behaviors of 404 undergradu-ates. Methods Adolescent Health Related Behaviors Questionnaires were conducted in 404 undergraduates chosen from a University in Nantong by stratified cluster sampling method.Logistic regression and multiplicative interactive effects were adopted to analyze the influ-encing factors. Results Health risk behaviors were common among college students.In the past 30 days, 33.4%of students had rule-breaking behaviors in bicycle riding and 45.3%had rule breaking behaviors in walking.In the past 12 months, 2.7%of students had in-tentionally hurt themselves, 2.5%had suicidal inclination, 19.8%had smoking history, 69.3%had drinking history, 7.4%participa-ted in the gambling, 7.7%and 11.9%played video games and surfed online over 4 hours everyday, respectively, and 4.5%of students have had sex.In the past 30 days, 94.3% of students lost their weight through the unhealthy way, and 37.8%of students participated physi-cal exercise over 60 minutes for at least 3 days in the past 7 days.Lo-gistic regression indicated that male, higher grade and higher education level of the student′s mother were the risk factors of some health risk behaviors.Interactive effect was not found between the different influencing factors. Conclusion Health risk behaviors exist widely a-mong college students and more attention should be paid to risk behaviors of college students.Health behaviors should be trained among adolescents to improve their overall health level.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic radial incision (ERI) for benign stricture of upper digestive system. Methods Patients with benign esophageal or gastric stricture (including anastomotic stricture, stricture after ESD and caustic stricture) were enrolled in this study. The stage of stricture, length of the lesion and the thickness of the scar were recorded. ERI (maybe associated with balloon dilatation) were performed. Post-opera-tive symptoms, complications and follow-up were also recorded. Results 7 patients were enrolled and all received ERI, and 4 additional balloon dilatation were done. Dysphagia in all patients relieved. 1 case with hemorrhage oc-curred and relieved with conservative treatment. Majority of the patients got long-term remission after 1~2 times of ERI. Conclusion ERI is safe and effective for benign stricture of upper digestive system. It may prolong the dyspha-gia-free period, worth clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of procalcitonin (PCT) levels in bacteria identification in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with bloodstream infection.Methods There were 540 cases of patients with bloodstream infection in our ICU between December 2007 and December 2013.The PCT levels and bacteria were identified.The application effectiveness of PCT levels in the bacteria identification was studied.Results The G+ bacteria infection rate was 49.63％ (268/540),G-bacteria infection rate was 38.52％ (208/540),and the fungal infection rate was 11.85％ (64/540).The patients of G-bacteria had significant difference with G + bacteria and fungal infection (P ＜ 0.05).The PCT average and positive rate of G-bacteria were significantly higher than G + bacteria and fungi group (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.G+ bacteria and fungi infection did not have significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).When PCT ＞ 2.04 ng/ml,the sensitivity and specificity that applying serum PCT level to identify the between G-and G+ bacteria were 82.18％ and 76.09％,respectively.When PCT ＞3.16 ng/ml,the sensitivity and specificity that applying serum PCT level to identify the between G-and fungus bacteria were 59.42％ and 65.73％,respectively.Conclusions The identification between G-bacteria and G + bacteria,fungi with applying PCT level in bloodstream infections had high accuracy.When the PCT levels was greater than 2.04 ng/ml,the occurrence of G-bacteria was greater risk of infection.The accuracy of PCT level identifying the G + bacteria and fungi was poor.

Purpose: To study the function of surrounding acupuncture located by cranial MRI on apoplexy. Method: Forty cases of the patients diagnosed as cerebral infarction were divided into the group of surrounding acupuncture by MRI location and the group of traditional scalp acupuncture, 20 cases in each group,and were treated respectively with surrounding acupunc -ture by MRI location and traditional scalp acupuncture,to determine the indexes of blood rheology before and after treatments. Results: There was significant diffe -fence (P＜0.01) in comparison of various indexes in blood rheology between the apoplectic patients and healthy adults of same age. In comparison before and after the treatments in the group of surrounding acupunc -ture by MRI location there was significant difference (P＜0.01) in various indexes of blood rheology, except ESR and ESR equation K value. In comparison before and after the treatments in the group of traditional scalp acupuncture, there was significant difference (P＜0.05) in various indexes of blood rheology, except ESR, sclerosis index and ESR equation K value. Conclusion: The findings indicate that blood becomes thick and flows slowly and resistance increases in blood flow in the apoplectic patients. The two kinds of the needling techniques have an improving function in various indexes of blood rheology in the apoplectic patients and surrounding acupuncture by MRI location was better than traditional scalp acupuncture in improving blood rheology.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the ADAM gene expression and unknown reason infertile patients. Methods With RT-PCR mehtod, we checked from normal group semen 30 cases and infertile group semen 30 cases in order to know the ADAM1,2,3,32 mRNA expression. Results there are the ADAM1,2,3,32 gene expression in all 30 cases of normal group whereas in 30 cases infertile patients there exists 1 case ADAM1,2,32 lacking expression, 1 case ADAM2,32 lacking expression, 1 case ADAM1 and 1 case ADAM3 lacking expression. Conclusions The lacking of ADAM1,2,3,32 may be one of the most reasons which cause the infertility.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anatomical distribution of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity,and compare different therapeutic methods including anticoagulation alone,thrombolysis through dorsal vein and interventional therapy.MethodsThe clinical data,venography and therapies of 204 acute DVT patients were retrospectively studied According to the distribution,DVT were classified into three types including peripheral,central and mixed types.According to the difference of the therapeutic method,each type of DVT was divided into three groups,Group A (37 patients) anticoagulation alone:Group B(55 patients) thrombolysis through dorsal vein:and Group C( 112 patients) interventional therapy.The results of different kind of treatment method in each type of DVT were evaluated before the patients were discharged and the Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results There were 132 patients with DVT in the left lower extremity,62 in right lower extremity,and 10 in both extremities.The complication of pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 4,5 and 2 cases respectively,and the morbidity was 3.0％,8.1％ and 20.0％ ( x2 = 6.494,P = 0.039 ) respectively.There was significant statistical difference among them.There were 23 cases of peripheral type of DVT,48 central type and 133 mixed type.The complication of PE were observed in 2,5 and 4 cases respectively in each type.The morbidity was 8.7％,10.4％ and 3.0％ respectively ( x2 = 4.350,P = 0.114 ).There were no statistical significance among them.In the 23 cases of peripheral type DVTs,2 of 5 in group A and 11 of 18 in group B had excellent therapeutic response.In the 48 cases of central type of DVTs,1 of 10 in group A,2 of 5 in in group B and 26 of 33 in group C had excellent therapeutic response.There were statistically significant differences among groups A,B and C ( x2 = 16.157,P =0.000).In the 133 cases of mixed type DVTs,1 of 22 in group A,10 of 32 in group B and 65 of 79 in group C had excellent therapeutic response.There were statistically significant differences among group A,B and C ( 1,10,65 cases,x2 = 53.993,P =0.000).ConclusionsThe incidence of acute DVT involving the left lower extremity was higher than that involving the right one,and the majority of cases was of the mixed type.The treatment of choice for the central and mixed types was interventional therapy.Analysis of anatomical distribution of deep venous thrombosis can guide treatment planning.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of combination components on pharmacokinetics of Shuxiong tablet to provide evidence for the new recipe.

METHODSix groups of rats (6 for each group) were orally administered with co-extractum of chuanxiong and honghua (CHE), mixed solution of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and ferulic acid (FA) (HFM). Panax notoginseng saponins solution (PNS), mixed solution of PNS and CHE (PCHE), mixed solution of PNS and HFM (PHFM) and mixed emulsion of Chuanxiong volatile oil (CVO) and PHFM (CVO-PHFM), respectively. The concentrations of HSYA, FA, ginsnenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in rat plasma were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters (Ka, Kel, Cmax, Tmax and AUC) were calculated by model simulation. The differences of HSYA, FA, Rg1 and Rb1 in pharmacokinetics parameters after administration of six preparations were demonstrated by statistical analysis.

RESULTAfter oral administration of six preparations to rats, the concentration-time curve of HSYA and Rg1 fitted to one-compartment model, and that of FA fitted to double-compartment model. After oral administration of CHE, Kel of FA reduced; Cmax decreased; but K12 increased, significantly, compared with oral administration of HFM. Other parameters were not significant differences. After co-administration of PNS and CHE (PCHE) or PNS and HFM (PHFM), Ka of HSYA increased; Tmax reduced, significantly. After oral administration of PNS and HFM (PHFM), Ka of Rg1 improved, Tmax decreased, significantly. However, the parameters of FA and Rb1 were not significantly changed. After co-administration of CVO and PHFM (CVO-PHFM), Cmax of Rb1 decreased, K12 improved, significantly. Meanwhile, the oral bioavailability of HSYA, FA and Rg1 was improved by 6.056, 2.854 and 2.055 folds, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAfter oral administration of different combinations of Shuxiong tablet constituents, some pharmacokinetics parameters of active ingredients are significantly changed, but the bioavailability is improved only when CVO is co-administered.

Animals ; Biological Availability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics