Until now, the exactly effect of Kupffer cells (KCs) on inducing immune tolerance or aggravating acute rejection is still unknown. Activated by various way after liver transplantation, have the ability of phagucytosis the apoptositic T cells, up-regulated expression of FasL and many Th2/Th3 cytokines, such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-lB. These up-regulated cytokines could induce the apoptosis of Th1 cells and enhance the proliferation and differentiation of the Th2 cells, finally induce the immune tolerance, However, the activated KCs also have the ability of expression many cytokine-dependent molecules,such as class Ⅱ major histocompatibility antigens, adhesion molecule and costimulatory molecules which could enhance the function of the antigen presentation, increase the expression of Thl cytokine and aggravate the acute rejection after liver transplantation. It maybe relate to the ratio of theTh1/Th2 cells determined by the complicated net of the cytokine produced by the activated Kupffer cells: the predominance of Th2 cells could induce the immune tolerance, on the contrary, the acute rejection proceed.

The study is designed to investigate if human interleukin 18 (hIL-18) cDNA expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells could enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells from the PBMC of the MFC-bearing patient and how to enhance it.Methods: A constructed eukaryotic expression vector for human IL-18 ,pcDNA3.1(-)/hIL-18, was used to transfect the NPC cell strain-SUNE cells. Then, the transfected SUNE cells were mix-cultured with CD8+ T cells which were separated from the PBMC of the patient with NPC, the cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) releasing method, the expression for Perforin, Fas-L and Granzyme B were detected with the mix-cultures. Results: The eukaryotic expression vector could highly express hIL-18 in transfected SUNE cells and only traces of the protein exist in non-transfected SUNE cells. The concentration of hIL-18 in supernatant of the transfected SUNE cells was (85 ? 10) pg/ml, but less than 5 pg/ml of hIL-18 contained in supernatant of the non-transfected SUNE cells.The expression of hIL-18 in SUNE cells could enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells from the NPC patient significantly( P

Objective To study the effects and clinical significance of tea pigment on 24 hour urinary endothelin(UET) excretion in patients with early stage diabetic nephropathy.Methods 65 cases of early stage diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into expermental group and control group.Control group was treated by routine treatment and the expermental group was treated by tea pigment,in addition to routine treatment,and was orally given tea pigment capsule 0 24g three time daily,for 8 weeks.The amounts of 24 hours UET and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)in the two groups patients before and after treatment were measured using radioimmunoassay method.Results The amounts of 24 hour UET in patients with diabetic nephropathy were elevated significantly as compared with those in normal control group(P0 05).After 8 week's treatment,the amounts of 24 hour UET and UAER in expermental group were significantly lower than those of control group(P

Objective To establish a solid phase extraction(SPE)-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for determination of melamine in foods. Methods Melamine in sample was extracted with extractive agent. After centrifugation, the supernatant fluid was purified by Waters Oasis MCX cartridge,and detected with HPLC method. Chromatographic column of TIANHE C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) was used at 35 ℃ and mobile phase was water(containing 0.01 mol/L 1-hexanesulfonic acid sodium salt and 0.01 mol/L citric acid)∶ acetonitrile = 94∶6 (V∶V) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Injection volume was 20 ?l. Results In the range of 0.80 to 80.0 mg/L, the regression equation was y=84.64 x-6.127 1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 98. The detection limit of melamine in foods was 0.5 mg/kg. The average rates of recovery were 88.0%-96.0% and the relative standard deviation was less than 5%. Conclusion The method established in the present paper is applicable to determination of melamine in foods with good precision,accuracy and sensitivity.

To improve the solubility of quercetin ( QT) , one of flavonoids that can inhibit the proliferation of vari-ous types of cancer cells, the novel amphiphilic polymer N-( 4-methylimidazole)-hydroxyethyl-chitosan ( MHC) , synthetized by chemical derivatization from chitosan, was used as the self-assembly micelles of QT. The formed polymer was characterized by 1 H NMR, elemental analysis and pyrene fluorescence spectrometry. The formulation of MHC micelles loading quercetin was optimized through single factor experiment. Then the optimized formulation was obtained as follows:the concentration of MHC was 0. 67% and the ratio of drug and carrier was 1 ∶10. The micelles particle size was ( 99. 21 ± 1. 71) nm, Zeta potential was +( 20. 01 ± 0. 72) mV and drug loading was ( 5. 42 ± 0. 32 )%. The in vitro release curve was investigated and was found to conform to Higuchi equation of Q=0. 1101 t1/2 -0. 064. The results of in vivo experiment showed that the mean rentention time and bioavail-ability of the MHC-QT micelles were 21. 42 h and 57. 49 μg h/mL, respectively, compared to 0. 30 h and 2. 50 μg h/mL of the free QT solution. These indicated that the MHC micelles could significantly improve the solubility of QT, the drug sustained-release effect and bioavailability, which would used as carrier for the anti-tumor drugs.

Objective Though measuring the expression levels of blood aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1),to explore the relationship between the expression levels and chronic arsenic poisoning induced skin changes.Methods Totally 233 residents were selected in Hanggin Rear Banner arsenic exposure area of Bayannur City,according to water arsenic concentrations,these people were divided into control (＜ 10 μg/L,55 people),low (10-＜ 100 μg/L,47),medium (100-＜ 200 μg/L,45) and high (≥200 pg/L,86) arsenic exposure groups.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of blood AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA,which were presented in median and quartile [M (Q1-Q3)],and the relationships between their expression levels and keratosis,depigmentation of skin were analyzed.Results The relative expression levels of AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA in high-dose groups were 3.18 × 10-3 (2.42 × 10-3-4.45 × 10-3) and 1.58 × 10-3 (0.80 ×10-3-2.73 × 10-3),which were higher than those in control groups [2.30 × 10-3 (1.53 × 10-3-3.20 × 10-3) and 1.00 × 10-3 (0.59 × 10-3-2.09 × 10-3)],and the difference were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,the detectable rates of arsenic poisoning,keratosis and depigmentation of skin were higher,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =20.187,15.848,21.595,all P ＜ 0.05).The detectable rates of arsenic poisoning,keratosis and depigmentation of skin were increased with increase of water arsenic concentrations (x2 =19.012,15.269,16.868,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with normal [2.54 × 10-3 (1.79 × 10-3-3.43 × 10-3),2.57 × 10-3 (1.78 × 10-3-3.52 × 10-3)],AhR mRNA relative expression levels [4.45 × 10-3 (3.47 × 10-3-8.04 × 10-3),4.45 × 10-3 (4.02 × 10-3-6.25 × 10-3)] of degree Ⅲ keratosis and depigmentation of skin were increased,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure affects the expression level of AhR and CYP1A1 mRNA.Blood AhR mRNA expression may have relationship with endemic arsenic poisoning induced skin change,but blood CYP1A1 mRNA expression may have nothing to do with endemic arsenic poisoning induced skin change.

Objective To investigate the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CDK1 based on the specific cell cycle apoptosis in Molt-4 cells and active variety of CDK1 in cell cycle specific apoptosis.Methods The exponential phase of growth Molt-4 cells (the human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line) were induced with dose response and time course of Camptothecin (CPT).The specific cell cycle apoptosis was detected with API method,then cell apoptosis was verified with post sorting confocal method.Meanwhile,the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CDK1 were detected by the protein electrophoretic analysis (Western blot).Results The specific cell cycle apoptosis occurred on exponential phase of growth Molt-4 cells after CPT treatment.When Molt-4 cells occured S-phase apoptosis, the apoptosis cell phosphorylation of CDK1-Thr161 band was more narrow than that of control cells, the apoptosis cell phosphorylation of CDK1-Thr15 band almost had the same band with control cells.Conclusion Cell apoptosis frequently developed in different cell cycle phase. API assay is quick and efficient method to analyze specific cell cycle apoptosis. When cell apoptosis take place in S-phase,the phosphorylation activity of CDK1 is inhibited.

The studies have demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (ATO) in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) takes effects in treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) through different underlying mechanisms. This has established the molecular foundation of ATO plus ATRA therapy. Currently, ATO plus ATRA has also been widely used in clinical practice.

Biological, psychological and sociological model of medicine substantializes the old model lacking the social humane attributes. The new medical model makes people take medical anthropology into research and highly evaluate traditional medical system. Cultural anthropology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is part of medical anthropology with three major characteristics: wide research scope, specificity, and integration. It has developed its own research methods, such as field investigation, comprehensive inspection and comparison study. Cultural anthropology provides an efficient research method for TCM, and its application would further develop TCM theory and form comprehensive evaluation on TCM effects.

Objective: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods: The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2009), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from 1970 to January 2009), MEDLINE (from 1978 to October 2008), EMBASE (from 1950 to March 2009), Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database (from 1978 to December 2008), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, from 1994 to December 2008), and China Medical Academic Conference Database (from 1994 to December 2008) were electronically searched. We also searched the Meta-Register of controlled trials, Conference Proceedings of American Society of Hematology (from 1946 to December 2008) and Conference Proceedings of American Society of Clinical Oncology (from 1946 to December 2008) on the internet for grey literature. The related journals in the library of Third Military Medical University were hand-searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ATO in treatment of APL were included. We adopted complete remission, overall survival rate, disease free survival rate, time to complete remission, relapse rate, mortality and adverse reactions as outcome indicators. Data were entered and analyzed with the Cochrane review manager software 5.0 (RevMan 5.0). Results: After merger of the included trials, five eligible RCTs with 328 cases were included. All the RCTs focused on the comparison of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus ATO regimen with ATRA monotherapy. Meta-analysis showed that the effect indexes for time to complete remission, two-year disease free survival rate, relapse rate, incidence of edema and incidence rate of QT interval prolongation were -1.20 [-1.68, -0.72], 8.64 [1.66,45.00], 0.21 [0.09,0.47], 4.16 [1.46,11.79] and 22.10 [2.75,177.49], respectively. The influences on other outcome indicators such as complete remission and leukocytosis were statistically non-significant. Conclusion: ATO can prolong disease free survival and reduce the time to complete remission and relapse rate of newly diagnosed APL patients, and increase the incidence of edema and prolongation of corrected QT interval during the treatment. Due to limitation of the included trials, this conclusion needs to be validated by further studies.