The present study attempts to investigate the influence of the immune response upon the immunoreactive ?-endorphine (ir-?-EP) levels in anterior lobe (AL) and neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of pituitary and hypothalamus after immunizaion of male adult Wistar rats with sheep erythrocytes by a single intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that the decrease of ir-?-EP concentration in AL tended to be concomitant with the direct plaqueforming cells (direct PFC) level increased. In the 3rd day after immunization, when a few PFC began to appear, the concentration of ir-?-EP in AL decreased significantly (P

Objective To explore the detection meaning of D-dimer(D-D) and fibrinogen(Fg) in patients with coronary disease.Methods 150 patients with coronary disease were randomly divided into UA group,SA group and AMI group,the D-D was detected by ELASA double resistance to clip method and Fg was detected by CLIUSE methods.Results The D-D in SA group,UA group and AMI group showed significant difference between two groups (SA:UA,t =9.340;SA:AMI,t =18.334; UA:AMI,t =10.240.all P ＜0.01 ).The Fg in SA group,UA group and AMI group showed significant difference between each two groups ( SA:UA,t =11.376; SA:AMI,t =11.730; UA:AMI,t =3.121.all P ＜0.01 ).D-D between one coronary artery disease and two coronaries artery disease,three coronary arteries disease showed significant difference( t =7.017,15.603,all P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and between two coronaries artery disease and three coronary arteries disease showed significant difference,too ( t =8.662,P ＜ 0.01 ).The Fg between one coronary artery disease and two coronaries artery disease,three coronary arteries disease,showed significant difference( t =8.687,11.855,all P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and between two coronaries artery disease and three coronary arteries disease showed significant difference,too( t =4.379,P ＜ 0.0 1 ).Conclusion The D-D and Fg showed obvious difference between different types of coronary disease,and the levels increase along with the disease degrees of coronaries

OBJECTIVE:To survey the current situation and the trend of the use of the herb injection.METHODS:In?formation concerning the consumption amount and manufacturer of herb injection used in21hospitals of Hangzhou in2002～2003was investigated.The use of herb injection was statistically analyzed by means of sequencing the consumption amount.RESULTS:The consumption amount of the herb injection increased annually;Kanglaite,Shenmai injection ranked in the first place in consumption amount,then those for skeleton disease,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and hepatic diseases such as Xingnaojing,Gegensu,Ciwujia,Danshen injection.CONCLUSION:There is a great potential for the development of herb injection and the consumption both in money and quantity of herb injection will increase rapidly.

Metebonomics is a branch of system biology,which,based on group index analysis, aims to analyze low molecular weight metabolites of the body both qualitatively and quantitatively through high flux and data processing.In recent years,the application of metabonomics to research of cardio-vascular pharmacology has been attracing more attention.This paper,by researching do mestic and overseas literature,summarizes the applications of metabonomics in the prevention and treatment of co mmon cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension,hyperlipide mia,atherosclerosis and myocardial ische mia.Related pharmacological researches targeted at patients,ani mal models and cell models clas-sified.Evidence for evaluation of effects and mechanis ms of drugs is provided by analyzing the patterns of change of metabolites in the progression of diseases.Finally,meaningful biomarkers are proposed.

Objective To promote worldwide standardization of methods to determine creatinine by tracing to reference measurement for achieving universal accuracy measurement of creatinine.Methods The results of external laboratory assessment (EQA) survey in China and CAP were compared and analyzed. Results There was significant difference among different measurement methods and assay systems.Conclusion It should promote worldwide standardization of determine creatinine, which makes it trace to reference measurement liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LC-IDMS).

Objective To investigate the mean values of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and change features according to gender,segments and age groups in general Chinese population,and provide the basis for the health assessment of carotid ultrasound.Methods GE LOGIQ 7 ultrasound scanner was used to measure IMT of 743 healthy cases aged from 38 to 70 years old.Six segments(bilateral common carotid artery,bilateral carotid bulb,bilateral internal carotid artery) were measured for each case.All patients were divided into 6 age groups across 5 years to be one group.The mean values for each group was calculated.Results The average age of the three sections of carotid IMT gradually increasing linearly related; minimal change in men and women,the magnitude of the age of the internal carotid artery IMT;sinus IMT were greater than the common carotid artery IMT and carotid artery IMT thinnest.the mean carotid IMT of Men and women in the same age group,compared to the 46-50 group,the group of 51-55,56-60 group,the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05);men and women 41-45 group and 61-65 difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05);mean IMT difference of the male groups compared with the older group of women was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound scanner can be used to measure IMT accurately.In the 46-60 group,carotid IMT thickening in men than women about 5 years earlier.The mean IMTs for different sex,age groups and segments would greatly benefit vascular health evaluation.It has a great significance in the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Objectives: To study the correlation between the dynamic expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) around hematoma and the blood-brain barrier permeability after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods: Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into sham-operation group, and groups of 6 hours, 12 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days (n=6 in each group) after intracerebral hemorrhage. The intracerebral hemorrhage model in rats was established by injecting autologous arterial blood into caudate nucleus. Immunohistochemical method and Evans blue method were used respectively to detect the dynamic changes of AQP-4 around hematoma and the blood-brain barrier permeability in different time periods after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Results: (1) The expression of AQP-4 around hematoma increased gradually 12 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage, it increased significantly at day 1 and reached a maximum at day 3. It was slightly higher than normal level at day 7 and almost returned to normal at day 14 (P

OBJECTIVE:To find out an effective way to control the unreasonable increase of drug expenses.METHODS:To analyse and evaluate the role of pharmacoeconomic research in suppression of unreasonable increase of drug expenses.RESULTS:The best therapeutic scheme could be found out by pharmacoeconomic research through the way of determination of the cost and efficacy of pharmacotherapy,and the unreasonable increase of drug expenses could also be cut down in5aspects.CONCLUSION:Pharmacoeconomic research is a practical and feasible way to control unreasonable increase of medical expenses.

As a principal part of foreign exchange activities of traditional Chinese medicine, government organizations played a crucial role. At present, there are relatively rare researches on foreign exchange activities of traditional Chinese medicine in government organizations. In this article, we defined related government organizations and their functions, analyzed the features of the foreign exchange activities of traditional Chinese mdicine among government organizations in the past nearly 30 years. And based on this analysis, SWOT theory model in management science was introduced to discuss the reasons of government behaviors and put forward suggestions for the future development.

Objective To construct the human Alzheimer's disease (AD) specific single chain anti‐bodies (scFv) library for sceening human AD scFv to Aβ1‐42 oligomers .Methods RNA was isola‐ted from 40 ml peripheral blood taken from 18 AD patients .Variable heavy (V H ) and variable light (VL ) genes were amplified by RT‐PCR and linked to the scFv fragments that were then cloned into the phage vector pCANTAB5E .The scFv library was constructed by electroporating E .coli TG1 cells into the pCANTAB5E and rescuing the assistant phage M13K07 .Results The total RNA was extracted .The VH and VL genes were amplified .Electropharesis showed that the length of VH and VL genes was 360bp and 300bp respectively and the length of linked scFv was 750bp .The 2 .4 × 109 scFv library was thus constructed and identified by BstN I digestion .Elec‐tropharesis showed that the length of BstN I‐digested scFv fragments varied ,indicating that the library is of a good diversity .Conclusion The human AD phage scFv library we constructed lays a foundation for screening the antibodies to Aβ1‐42 oligomers and the treatment of AD .