Objectives To analyze the influence factors for promoting appropriate health technologies to rural health workers in Zhejiang province. Methods 1957 health workers from county and township levels were surveyed by questionnaires, regarding their use of appropriate technologies. Results The influence factors for rural health workers to employ such technologies include their medical competency, training approach and technical categories. Those medical workers of higher education are

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of breastfeeding among infants of 0 to 6 months in urban areas in Shanxi,to increase the rate of breastfeeding.Methods A total of urban infants aged 0 -6 months were selected and their mothers were investigated by the questionnaire on site.Results A total of 4 868 urban infants aged 0 -6 months and their mothers were investigated.The rate of breastfeeding was 64.60%,the rate of mixed feeding was 27.90%,the rate of artificial feeding was 7.40%.The infants′mother′s age,culture level, the way of delivery(natural labor,dystocia,cesarean delivery),the situation of the nipple(normal,flat,concave), nutritional status during pregnancy,mother's self awareness of the amount of breasts supply(enough,not enough)were associated with breastfeeding(χ2 =62.367,25.021,67.419,60.941,16.675,8.241,3.081,all P <0.05 or P <0.01).Conclusion The corresponding measures should be taken according to the factors affecting breastfeeding in order to improve the rate of breastfeeding.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination the contents of berberine hydrochloride in spring rain burns gels. Methods Analytical column was Kromasil C18 (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m) column with a mobile phase of Acetonitrile-1%H3PO4-Triethylamine (24∶76∶0.76), the detective wavelength was 345 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and column temperature was 30 ℃. Results A good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.088～0.440 ?g (r =0.999 7), and the average recovery was 98.13% with RSD=0.77% (n=6). Conclusion The method is rapid and reliable, and can be used for the quality control of spring rain burns gels.

Objective To investigate the expression of Glil and β-catenin,which are central molecules of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathway,in colon cancer tissues and cell lines,and evaluate their relationship.Methods RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression of Glil and β-catenin in colon cancer tissues and cells.Interaction between endogenous Glil and endogenous 3-catenin was examined using immunoprecipitation method.Results Compared to corresponding normal tissues,the expression of Gli1 and β-catenin raised raising with one accord,the average growth rates were 42.69,72.11 respectively (P ＜ 0.05).In colon cancer cell lines,the expression levels of Glil and β-catenin increased,which were 52.54,17.23,5.54 and 5.30,6.34,2.78 (all P ＜ 0.05).Both of them were enhanced in three Wnt aberrant active cells visibly.The immunoprecipitation result indicated that there was an interaction between Glil and β-catenin in colon cancer cells.Conclusion The expression of Glil and β-catenin rise congruously in both colon cancer cells and tissues,and there is an interaction between them.This interaction between two key components of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling may suggest the possible crosstalk manner in these pathways.

We carried out a dietary investigation of pupils aged 10 - 11 in Mei county in Shaanxi with level-based community random sample method. The result showedthat the average intake of daily food was mainly grain. That of energy was less than 70% of RDA and 60% of WHO. That of the protein was less than 70% of RDA in male and 60% of RDA in female. That of the other nutrients was less than 60% of RDA except iron, nicotinic acid and thiamine. Energy allocation among three mels was not adequate in male pupils. There waas higher energy in breakfast and supper, not sufficent at lunch.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety,therapeutic effect and complications of the operation of multi-section osteotomy and intramedullary fixation for children with osteogenesis impeffecta.Methods One hundred and twenty-three children with osteogenesis imperfecta,including 85 males and 39 females,were selected from August 2005 to August 2008.According to the modified Sillence classification,45 cases was in type Ⅲ,74 in type Ⅳ,and 5 in type Ⅴ.Patients' age was ranging from 2 years and 1 month to 15 years and 7 months (mean,8 years and 3 months).The location of osteotomy was established according to the pre-operative measurement of X-ray image,and all the procedures of osteotomy were completed under direct vision.Then we chose the intramedullary pin with suitable size and insert the pin into femur from greater trochanter,and tibia from pelma.After the surgery,external fixation (spica cast for the femur,long leg plaster cast for the tibia) was made for further stabilization.Plaster supporters were removed 6 weeks later and all children began to stand and walk under the protection of orthoses.In addition,all patients received the treatment of pamidronate disodium periodically.ResultsAll 123 children were followed up for an average of 38months (range,13-64 months).Parents of all children were satisfied with the result of surgical operation,and the children's self-care and motion ability improved obviously.Fourteen children were performed the second operation due to the translocation of Rush pin,and 25 children changed the internal fixation because of the shorter Rush pin 2 years postoperatively.Bone delayed union was not found in all patients.Conclusion Multi-section osteotomy and intramedullary fixation for children with osteogenesis imperfecta could correct skeletal deformity,improve motion ability and avoid second fracture efficiently.However,such complications as translocation of intramedullary pin and changing the internal fixation with the growth of child need to pay more attention.

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the outcomes of missed Monteggia fractures in children treated with ulnar angulation-distraction osteotomy and plate fixation or external fixation.Methods Nineteen patients,including 11 boys and 8 girls who presented with missed Monteggia fracture,were reviewed from July 2005 to June 2011.Twelve children (Group A) were treated with ulna angulation osteotomy and plate fixation,and 7 eases(Group B) with ulna angulation-distraction osteotomy and external fixator.Thirteen patients were classified as type Bado Ⅰ,and six as type Bado Ⅲ.The age,the delay from injury to surgery,complications,elbow and forearm function,and the healing time of the osteotomy were compared.ResultsAll 19 patients were followed up.The duration of missed dislocation was from 6 to 36 months (mean,10 months).Redislocation of the radiocapitellar joint occurred after surgery in one case in group A.Forearm compartment syndrome occurred in one case after surgery in group B.All patients,except one,regained full elbow flexion in group A and B,various forearm pronation limitation were noted in all patients (mean,15°).The average healing of osteotomy of group A and B was 8 weeks(6-15 weeks) and 22 weeks (10-44 weeks).ConclusionThe ulnar angulation-distraction osteotomy could correct the ulnar deformity in children of missed Monteggia fractures,which is the key issue to be corrected.Both of the fixation strategies can obtain the same treatment results.Preoperative assessment is most important,plate internal fixation was recommended for young age and short delay cases,on the contrary,we prefer to choose external fixator.

Objectives To understand the current situation and evaluation about the employer's demand of knowledge level and comprehensive ability of professional undergraduate talents in the health management. Methods Using self-designed questionnaire, the investigation was carried out on the company executives and teachers from 12 health management-related enterprises where health management graduates of Hangzhou Normal University practice internships . A total of 31 valid questionnaires were recovered . SPSS 19.0 software was used to conduct descriptive analysis, hierarchical analysis and rank-sum test of one-way ordinal data. Results Employers believe that students need to strengthen the knowledge of health man-agement and medical knowledge, and the top three skills that students are most likely to improve are common disease management skills, health risk factors intervention skills and health monitoring skills. Amongst those areas of professional abilities that need improving, three of the most important skill sets include suffi-cient fundamental knowledge in medicine and pharmacology, analytical and problem-solving abilities and teamwork as well as communication skills. There is a significant difference among the level of students' pro-fessional knowledge, the level of their professional skills and the level of their comprehensive ability by the rank-sum test (P<0.05). Conclusion According to the results of the demand-side's survey, training of health management undergraduate talents should increase the proportion of teaching about medical theory knowledge, redesign practical teaching modules, carry out foreign language learning as well as promoting the training method of health talents by the means of information, in order to optimize the training of profes-sional health talents through multi-angle as well as multi-level.

Shanghai district and county health system performance evaluation conceptual frameworkwas proposed based on health services system performance assessment frameworks raised by some countries and international organizations,and combined with Shanghai district and county health system characteristics.This framework contains two first grade indices and seven second grade indices:In the long term goals,'health','satisfaction' and 'disease risk protection' are the county's longterm effects of health system performance assessment dimensions; in the medium-term goals,the'accessibility','cost',' efficiency' and 'quality' are the county' s medium-term effects of health system performance assessment dimensions.This study aimed to evaluate Shanghai county health system's overall performance.Further study is needed in constructing its third grade indices.

This study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of breviscapine on endothelial cells.ox-LDL was used to induce oxidative damage on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)for 20 h with or without 4 h pretreatment of various concentrations of breviscapine(10;20;40 μmol/L);then observe the protective effect and mechanism of breviscapine on endothelial cells insulted by ox-LDL.MTT method was used to detect cell viability;flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species;and Western blot and RT-PCR was used to detect cell signaling pathways.The results showed that breviscapine recovered HUVEC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner which inhibited by ox-LDL;and it also protected cell from apoptosis induced by ox-LDL.To explore the mechanisms of breviscapine;reactive oxygen species (ROS)was determined after pretreatment of various concentrations of breviscapine or different durations(2;4;6 h)of brevis-capine.Results showed that breviscapine decreased ROS production in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Fur-thermore;cell signaling pathway analysis showed that breviscapine increased the expression of BCL-2;decreased the expression of BAX and the release of Cytochrome C and cleavage of caspase-3.Breviscapine decreased Keap1 and activated the nuclear import of Nrf2;and subsequently increased the mRNA and protein expression of down-stream antioxidant enzyme as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)and glutathione transferase-S-Mu 1(GSTM1);and increasing the activity of NQO1.Besides;breviscapine decreased IKK and IKB;and inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB;while increasing the expression of eNOS.This study demonstrated that breviscap-ine has a protective role on ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury;which may be related to its antioxidant effects and inhibition of NF-κB activation.