Objective: To establish a determination method for the related substances in josamycin and josamycin tablets by HPLC. Methods:High performance liquid chromatography was used. The column was Ultimate-AQ-C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm), the mobile phase respectively was mobile phase A of 0. 2 mol·L-1 tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate R-0. 2 mol·L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate(pH 3. 0)-acetonitrile R-water(3∶5∶24∶68) and mobile phase B of 0. 2 mol·L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate (pH 3. 0)-acetonitrile R-water(5∶50∶45). The flow rate was 1. 5 ml·min-1 with the detection wavelength of 232nm. The column temperature was 50℃. Results:The main component josamycin had a good separation with the other related substances. The resolution between josamycin and the related substances with the relative retention time of 1. 1-fold of josamycin was above 1. 7. The detection limit of josamycin was 1. 43ng. In josamycin raw materiel and josamycin tablets, the percentage of related substance A and B was less than 1. 5%. The percentage of related substance D was below 2. 0%. The percentage of related substance E was less than 3. 0%. The percentage of the other maximum related substances was less than 1. 0%. The percentage of all related substances was less than 12%. The percentage of related substance C was less than 1. 0% in josamycin raw materiel while 3. 0% in josamycin tablets. Conclusion:The method is accurate, sensitive and reliable in the determination of related substances in josamycin and josamycin tablets.

Because of the changed metabolic behaviors of cancer cells, tumor cells uptake a corresponding larger amount of glucose in physiological condition when compared with normal cells. And they were prone to metabolize glucose for generating energy in anaerobic glycolysis ways in order to grow quickly. Anaerobic glycolysis consumes more glucose than aerobic way when the same amount of energy is obtained, which also results in large demand of glucose in tumor cells. This review briefly describes therapy methods related to characteristic mentioned above, and summarizes the research progress of drugs, diagnostic reagents and carriers conjugated with glucose, glucose derivatives or other kinds of sugars for cancer targeting. Furthermore, typically relative research reports from 2012 till now were listed and analyzed.

Objective To explore the effect of psychological nursing on the treadmill exercise tests(TET)in patients with cardiacneurosis.Methods 86 patients with cardiacneurosis were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=44)and the control group(n=42): both were treated with medication for two weeks and the former with extra treatment of psychological nursing intervention.Then the anxiety and depression among all the participants were assessed using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).The two groups were compared in terms of anxiety and depression as well as TET.Results The scores on anxiety and depression in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group and the negative rate of TET was significantly higher than that in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion The psychological nursing intervention may reduce the anxiety and depression of the patients with cardiacneurosis and improve the accuracy of TET.

Objective To investigate the differences in clinical efficacy and safety between thrombolysis followed PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) and primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction). Methods A total of 215 STEMI patients who visit our clinic within 12 h since onset of their symptoms from May 2013 to January 2015 were enrolled. All eligible patients were divided into Early PCI group(n=68) and pPCI group (n=147) based on whether or not they received injection of recombinant human prourokinase thrombolytic therapy before their visit. Immediate TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade of infarct-related artery (IRA) before and after PCI treatment, post?operative CTFC (Corrected TIMI Frame Count) and TMPG (TIMI myocardial perfusion grade) were compared between these two groups. The incidence of bleeding during hospital stay , left ventricular function at 6 month after intervention and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were all observed. Rusults There is no obvious difference between the baseline of two groups. Before PCI, the proportion of TIMI grade 2-3 was higher in Early PCI group (77.9%vs 20.4%,P<0.05)than that in pPCI group;but there was no significant difference in the proportion of TIMI grade 2-3 between these two groups after PCI (P>0.05). CTFC and peak value of serum CK-MB were lower [(27.7 ± 5.0) vs (32.6 ± 7.1), P<0.05;(225.8 ± 108.3) U/L vs (283.4 ± 110.6) U/L, P<0.05] and rate of TMPG 3 is higher (82.4%vs 68.7%, P<0.05)in Early PCI group than those in pPCI group. No significant difference was found in the incidence of bleeding and MACE during hospital stay and Left ventric?ular function at 6 months after operation between these two groups. By contrast, LVEFs were higher while LVEDds (LVED diameter) were lower after 3 and 6 months of the intervention compared to those before intervention in both groups (P <0.05). Conclusion It is a safe and effective reperfusion strategy for STEMI patients to receive rhPro-UK thrombolytic thera?py followed early PCI as an alternative way to those who failed to receive pPCI on time. It didn′t increase the occurrence of bleeding complications and MACE, and at the same time it presented the same benefit in improving recent cardiac function as pPCI did.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of minimal fat renal angiomyolipoma (MFAML)and clear cell renal cell carcinoma(CCRCC)in high resolution multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT)and to improve the diagnosis accuracy for the renal tumors.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 MFAML patients(16 females,8 males)with mean age of 43(19-74)years and 24 CCRCC patients(16 females,8 males)with mean age of 44(21-76)years.All patients had undergone MSCT and proved histopathologically after surgery.The characteristics included tumor location,tumor attenuation on unenhanced CT,enhancement characteristics(degree of tumor enhancement in the early corticomedullary phase,homogeneity of enhancement,amount of enhancement,enhancement pattern over time),tumor margin,intratumoral calcification,and perinephric changes.The predictive value of each CT characteristic was determined by using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results The tumor location in the kidney (upper pole:MFAML,6 cases,CCRCC,6 cases;middle:MFAML,7 cases,CCRCC,9 cases;lower pole:MFAML,11 cases,CCRCC,9 cases)and smooth tumor margin(MFAML,n=21;CCRCC,n=19)were not significantly different between MFAML patients and those with CCRCC,P＞0.05.Twenty-one cases of both MFAMLs and CCRCCs had the significant enhancement in the early corticomedullary phase,which were hypovascular tumors,whereas the mean amount of tumor enhancement was greater in CCRCC than in MFAML in both the early corticomedullary and the corticomedullary phases(CCRCC:175 HU,196 HU;MFAML:125 HU,145 HU;P＜0.05.MFAML usually showed homogeneous enhancement(n=15)rather than heterogeneous enhancement(n =9),whereas most CCRCC showed heterogeneous enhancement(n =17)rather than homogeneous enhancement(n =7),P＜0.05).Enhancement pattern was not a significant predictor.Within the 13 MFAML cases,8 cases had sufficient blood supply(6 cases showed obvious wash-in-and-wash-out,2 cases were with prolonged enhancement),5 cases with hypovascular showed a pattern of prolonged or gradual enhancement,while 21 CCRCC cases had sufficient blood supply and 71％ of them showed obvious wash-in-and-wash-out.High tumor attenuation on unenhanced scans(MFAML:17 patients (75％);CCRCC:2 patients(8％),P=0.002,OR=0.010)and threshold enhancement values of 129.5 HU in the corticomedullary phase(MFAML:5 patients(20％);CCRCC:20 patients(83％),P =0.004,OR =0.057)were valuable predictors for differentiating MFAML from CCRCC at multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusions MSCT is useful in differentiating MFAML from CCRCC,with high tumor attenuation on unenhanced scans and threshold enhancement values of 129.5 HU in the corticomedullary phase being the most valuable CT findings.75％ of MFAMLs with sufficient blood supply also show a pattern of wash-in-and-wash-out,which can easily misdiagnosed as a renal cancer.

The ITS/ITS2 barcodes were used to simply and effectively identify Codonopsis Radix and its adulter-ants. In this study, ITS (internal transcribed spacer of unclear ribosomal DNA) regions were amplified using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) from thirty-three samples of Codonopsis Radix and ITS2 regions were obtained from the ITS sequences using the hidden Markov model (HMMer)-based annotation methods. The sequences of ITS/ITS2 regions were aligned and the genetic distances were computed by MEGA5.0. Species identification efficiency of ITS/ITS2 sequences were evaluated using BLAST1 and nearest distance methods. The results indicated that The sequences lengths of ITS regions of Codonopsis Radix were 654-655 bp, and the lengths of ITS2 regions were 239 bp. The intraspecific genetic distances among Codonopsis Radix were obviously lower than the interspecific genetic distance between Codonopsis Radix and its adulterants. Therefore, ITS/ITS2 regions can stably and accu-rately distinguish Codonopsis Radix and its adulterants.

Objective To make the identification of medicinal herbs in Salvia L. quickly and accurately. Methods In this work,DNA barcoding and chemical fingerprint were compared for the identification of herbs in Salvia L. First, the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region two amplified from 48 medicinal plants in Salvia L., and three other groups of medicinal plants in Lamiaceae were sequenced. A molecular phylogeny was constructed using the minimum evolution and maximum parsimony methods according to their sequence diversity. Second, the water-solution bioactive components and lipid soluble components were tested by HPLC. Then a chemical phylogeny was built using HPLC fingerprint data. Comparing the molecular and chemical phylogenetic trees revealed many similarities. Results DNA barcoding was sequencing based and could therefore provide more accurate results within a shorter time especially in large-scale studies. Conclusion The results show that ITS2 region is a novel DNA barcode for the authentication of the species in Salvia L. This is the first work to show the relationship between DNA barcoding and chemical components.

BACKGROUND:Animal experiments have demonstrated that transplanted bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs)in the myocardial infarction region can directionally differentiate into myocardial cells with normal physiological function and promote neovascularization. Clinical studies have also showed that the cardiac function can be improved in myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy patients after stem cell transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of autologous BMSCs transplantation on short-term cardiac function of patients with heart failure of ischemic cardiomyopathy.DESIGN: Self-control study.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, including 13 males and 8 females, aged (64±6)years,who received treatment in the Department of Cardiology,Xiangtan Central Hospital of Hunan Province from March 2004 to January 2006 were retrieved. Inclusive criteria: with previous myocardial infarction at least once, B-mode ultrasonic cardiac examination showed that cardiac chamber was expanded, obvious cardiac inadequacy or stenocardia existed before stent implantation and hospitalized repeatedly, underwent percutaneous coronary artery intervention for restoring blood flow of infarcted vessel to TIMI3 degree over 3 months,but cardiac inadequacy existed to different degrees.Coronary arteriongraphy showed that no stenosis was found in the stent implanted in the coronary artery.Informed consents were obtained from all the patients.METHODS:After admission, all the patients received BMSCs transplantation based on routine drug treatment.Infarction-related arterial passage was established by percutaneous transluminal catheter technique and occluded by balloon.Isolated bone marrow stem cell suspension was injected into infarction-related arterial passage through the central cavity of catheter. ① Left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVDd)were measured before and 6 months after transplantation.② 24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram evaluation was conducted before and 6 months after transplantation under the precondition of not taking antiarrhythmic drugs. ③Clinical cardiac functional grading was conducted before and 6 months after transplantation by NYHA grading method: Grade Ⅰto Ⅳ: the higher grade, the severer symptom. ④ Adverse events and side effects were observed after operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① LVEF and LVDd were measured before and 6 months after transplantation. ②24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram evaluation results. ③ Clinical cardiac functional grading evaluation results. ④ Post-operative adverse events and side effects.RESULTS:All the involved 21 patients participated in the result analysis.①The LVEF of patients 6 months after transplantation of BMSCs was more than that before transplantation [(54.4±6.2)％, (44.6±6.4)％,t = -5.946, P＜ 0.01], and LVDd of patients 6 months after transplantation was smaller than that before transplantation [(54.6±4.2), (60.2±4.4) mm,t = 5.306, P ＜ 0.01]. ② No new arrhythmic types appeared, and case of malignant serious cardiac arrhythmias were not increased. ③ Six months after transplantation of BMSCs, there were totally 9 patients with cardiac function of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, while there were 18 patients before transplantation. ④ The whole transplantation was safe.No patients were found to undergo re-examination of coronary arteriongraphy, which showed stent necrosis, due to chest pain, and no dead cases were either found.CONCLUSION:It is feasible to treat ischemic cardiomyopathy by percutaneous coronary transplantation of BMSCs,which can boost LVEF and improve cardiac function after transplantation.

OBJECTIVETo identify Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and its closely related species using DNA barcoding technique.

METHODTotal genomic DNA was isolated from Mentha canadensis and its closely related species. Nuclear DNA ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner V3.0. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances were calculated using software MEGA 5.0. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1, Nearest Distance and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods.

RESULTThe intra-specific genetic distances of M. canadensis were ranged from 0 to 0.006, which were lower than inter-specific genetic distances between M. canadensis and its closely related species (0.071-0.231). All the three methods showed that ITS2 could discriminate M. canadensis from its closely related species correctly.

CONCLUSIONThe ITS2 region is an efficient barcode for identification of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, which provides a scientific basis for fast and accurate identification of the herb.

DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the major influence factors of child neglect among rural areas children aged 3-6 years in China.

METHODSAccording to multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, distribution characteristics and the level of economic development, we randomly sampled 10 provinces, 26 cities (8 capital cities, 16 prefecture-level cities and 2 municipalities) using lottery method. Depending on the different level of economic and cultural, we sampled one medium county from each city (municipalities sampled two counties), a total of 28 counties. All towns were divided into high, medium and low three levels in accordance with economic and cultural, each level sampled one town, each conty sampled three towns, a total of 84 towns were sampled. Each town sampled 40 children, including 20 boys and 20 girls (including each 10 children aged 3 to 6, half and half boys and girls). 4 096 rural children aged 3-6 years old were sampled and surveyed of China. Based on "the Neglect Norms for Children Aged 3 to 6 Years Old in Rural Areas of China" explored the risk factors of child neglect. SPSS 18. 0 for windows was employed for statistics analysis. Multifactorial analysis was conducted through multivariate Logistic Regression.

RESULTSThe total neglected rate of the rural children aged 3 to 6 was 53.7% (2,047/3,810), and the total neglected degree was 44.42±7.57. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, neglected risk of the boys was higher than the girls (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.49), neglected risk of children were higher, when their mothers were migrant workers (OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.59-3.00); the lower educational level of mothers, the higher neglected risk of children, the children in families that mothers only received primary education or was uneducated were most likely to be neglected (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.91-4.47), the second was the families that mothers received primary education (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.29-2.69); the lower the household income, the easier to be neglected the children, the easiest one was the household income less than 5000 RMB (OR=2.85, 95% CI: 2.14-3.79), the second was 5000-9,999 RMB (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.40-2.20); the relationship between children and mothers was distanced, neglect risk of children was higher (OR=3.88, 95% CI: 1.31-11.52); left behind children were easier to be neglected (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.09-1.54).

CONCLUSIONThe influence factors among children aged 3-6 years in the rural areas of China were boys, mother's occupation, maternal education level, the relationship between children and mothers, household income and left-behind children.

Child Abuse ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Demography ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants