In 21st century, clinical medicine moves toward a model of individualized health care. The development of the individualized model is based on the research findings of human genomics project including genotype and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as the new health care model, that is, biological-psychological-social-environmental-spiritual. It reflects the idea of patient-centered care, and corresponds to the traditional practice of Chinese medicine, which addressed the individualized therapy on the basis of symptom pattern differentiation. However, the era of evidence-based medicine affords new meanings of individualized health care and promotes the research on the practice. The practice based on evidence would happen upon the integration of external research evidence, the expertise and experience of practitioners, and the value and preference of patients, so the decision of health care will be conscientious, explicit and judicious. This assay describes the meanings of individualized health care in different medical contexts, the characteristics of individualized practice in Chinese medicine, and proposals for further research in practice.

Cohort study is graded as level II in evidence grading system of evidence-based medicine, secondary to randomized controlled trial. It is one of the important evidence for the evaluation of health care interventions, and it has been applied recently in the evaluation of traditional medicine. The author of the article introduces the basic concept, principle, design, and implementation as well as relevant methodological issues when applied in traditional Chinese medicine.

The quality of clinical trials in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was analyzed with respect to their methodology and outcome assessment according to the concepts of evidence-based medicine (EBM). It was suggested that the essential methodological principles of EBM should be applied in clinical trials of TCM, including randomization, control and blindness. The sample size estimation, optimal parameter selection for outcome assessment, compliance and intention-to-treat analysis are all important aspects of randomized controlled trials. To bring the benefits of EBM into clinical trials will improve the quality of research in TCM and also promote international co-operation and communications. It is necessary to establish an assessment system of clinical outcome for TCM on the basis of EBM in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM objectively and scientifically.

The key point to define the psychological problem in children is the grasp of degree,also,the key point to educate children is the grasp of degree.Are there some principles to clarify the degree? How to quantify the degree? This paper brought forward the gold zone method of psychological guidance in children and adolescents and defined its quantitive expression as golden section.The gold zone method can grasp the scale set according to the goal,form the proper consumption value,control the interpersonal intimacy,cultivate fine thinking and behavioral pattern,and give appropriate guidance to many basic problems about children's growth.

Plasma fibronectin (PFn) was determined serially by both simple radial immunodiffusion (RID) and improved indirect hemoagglutination test (using gelatin-coated sheep RBC) in the serum of 30 patients with severe viral hepatitis (SVH),100 normal subjects,and 30 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH).Liver function,serum C3 and immunoglobulin (Ig) were determined simultaneously.Endotoxin was assayed by Limulus lysate test in 21 patients with SVH.The normal value of PFn was 284.31?45.56?g/ml and 1:30.64 (geometrical mean).The PFn level significantly decreased in patients with SVH.Significant correlations were found between PFn levels and the values of total serum bilirubin,prothrombin time,C3 and IgM.Low PFn levels were remarkably associated with the occurrence of endotoxeamia.Serial determinations of PFn in serum can reflect the severity of the illness and prognosis in the patients with SVH.

To explore and identify the therapeutic components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a complex intervention through grounded theory, and the correlation and interaction within this model and the possible effects that they may have on the therapeutic effects of TCM.

Abstract: In order to improve the quality of reporting Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) trials, an elaborated checklist was developed according to the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and on the basis of the Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials of Herbal Interventions: An Elaborated CONSORT Statement. This checklist adopted the 22 items of the Herbal CONSORT Statement with some necessary elaboration and modification in the detailed contents of 11 items, among which, the items of Participants, Intervention, Control group and Outcomes were elaborated and modified accordingly to adapt TCM characteristics. Since the design and reporting of trials on Chinese proprietary medicine and herbal decoctions are different in some aspects, the checklist provided two sets of elaborated item 4 (interventions). We hope that authors, journal editors and peer reviewers find this checklist instructive.

Clinical trials play a critical role in medical research. However, only a few clinical trials conducted at present have been registered at various clinical trial registries. Clinical trial registration can prevent bias in these registered trials effectively and avoid unnecessary waste of resources due to meaningless repeats. Moreover, it will benefit the development of evidence-based medicine, and promote human welfare. Great attention has been paid to the importance and necessity of clinical trial registration. This review briefly introduced the definition, justification, contents, history, current status of clinical trial registration, and introduced the information regarding important international clinical trial registries in detail. Clinical trial registration should be developed toward a transparent, compulsory and comprehensive stage.

Objective Inaccurate dosing is an important cause of medical malpractice, how to adjust the medication dose to overcome the excessive deviation will be discussed in this paper. Methods Gold zone method was proposed on the basis of the probability theory and mathematical statistics for handling inaccurate dosing problems. Investigation and study in large sample size was carried out on adverse reactions of Cefamandole Nafate for Injection by adopting the method. Results The conclusions from the super large sample size test indicate that there is highly significant difference of total adverse reaction rates between taking values within and outside golden zone of dosage, and the adverse reaction rate of taking values within golden zone is significantly lower than that of outside golden zone. It is noteworthy that when dosage was lower than golden zone,the adverse reaction rate was significantly increased,which is more than 4 times of that within golden zone. Conclusion It is effective measures and simply and easy to apply that taking values within golden zone of dosage reduce adverse drug reactions,probability within golden zone less than 1/4 range of experience that contains the actual demand of the body up to 70%.