Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA molecule whose transcript is longer than 200 nucleotides and cannot encode protein. Studies in recent years have shown that lncRNA plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. It participates in the occurrence, development and metastasis of prostate cancer. Further study on the role and mechanism of lncRNA in prostate cancer is expected to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

AIM: To study the optimum technological parameters for extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides by ultra-high pressure extraction. METHODS: Measured concentration of total astragalus polysacharides served as the marker,the design of uniform distribution was applied to evaluating the ultra-high pressure extration efficiency in comparison with reflux and ultrasonic extraction efficiency. RESULTS: The optimal parameters of ultra-high pressure extraction was as follows: 350 MPa pressure,60 mL/g ratio of solvent to solid material,5 h soaking time,2 min extraction time.Under the conditions,the high yield was up to 24.2 %. CONCLUSION: Ultra-high pressure extraction has a series of advantages,such as higher yield,less impurity,easier separation-purification,shorter extraction time and lower energy input.

Objective To explore which method is more advantaged by comparing two kinds of tubular stomach in esophageal cancer operation and the occurrence of postoperative complications.Methods There were 47 esophageal cancer patients and they were randomly divided into two groups:A group including 24 patients and making mechanical clipping lesser curvature,B group including 23 patients and hand-sewn shrink lesser,and the major complications were analyzed and compared.Results All patients underwent radical tumor resection without the operative mortality.There was 1 patient of acute hemorrhagic of gastric resection margin in A group,and there was 1 patient of thoracic gastric leakage and 1 patient of anastomotic fistula in B group.In 12-month follow-up,there was 1 patient of anastomotic narrow in A group and 4 cases in B group (P ＞ 0.05).After 3,6 and 12 months,emptying dysfunction was not found by upper gastrointestinal imaging and CT,but the thoracic stomach expansion was found in two groups,and the degree of thoracic stomach expansion in B group was more serious than that in A group,the part of the thoracic stomach of 3 patients in B group protruding into the opposite chest.There was 1 patient with thoracic-gastro syndrome after eating in A group and 3 patients in B group (P ＞ 0.05).There were 3 patients with mild reflux esophagitis in A group and 10 patients with serious reflux esophagitis in B group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Comparing two operative methods,the mechanical clipping lesser curvature is more advantaged than hand-sewn shrink lesser.

Objective To optimize the enzymolysis technology of ginsenoside Rg1.Methods Taking ginsenoside Rg1 content as the index,orthogonal design method was used for optimization and HPLC for determination.Results Cellulase enzymolysis was the best extracting process,and enzyme amount,enzymolysis time,and enzymolysis temperature had obvious effect on the extraction of ginsenoside Rg1.The optimum extraction technologies were as follows: cellulase amount was 1.4%,enzymolysis time 60 min,the enzymolysis temperature 45 ℃.Conclusion The optimization extraction technology is simple,steady,and the extracting rate is high.

ObjectiveTo discuss the changes in characteristics of N-glycan in gastric cancer and its relationship with TCM syndromes.Methods The blood samples of 138 gastric cancer patients and 120 healthy volunteers were collected. The changes in N-glycan were detected by DNA sequencer-assisted and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE), and differences of N-glycan among different TCM syndromes were compared.Results At least 9 N-glycan peaks could be identified in all samples. Compared with the healthy volunteers, Peak1, Peak5, Peak9 and Peak2 of gastric cancer patients obviously increased (P<0.05,P<0.01), whereas Peak3, Peak6 significantly decreased (P<0.01). Peak6 of gastric cancer in stage I was obviously higher than stages II, III, and IV (P<0.01), while Peak9 in stage I was obviously lower than the other three stages (P<0.01). Peak1 was significantly lower in disharmony between liver and stomach type than stagnation of phlegm-dampness type, interior retention of toxin stagnation type, deficiency of both Qi and blood type (P<0.05,P<0.01);lower in impairment of yin due to stomach heat type, deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach type than deficiency of both Qi and blood type (P<0.01);lower in stagnation of phlegm-dampness type, interior retention of toxin stagnation type than deficiency of both Qi and blood type (P<0.05). Peak6 was higher in disharmony between liver and stomach type than impairment of yin due to stomach heat type, stagnation of phlegm-dampness type, interior retention of toxin stagnation type than deficiency of both Qi and blood type (P<0.01). Peak9 was much higher in deficiency of both Qi and blood type than disharmony between liver and stomach type (P<0.01), impairment of yin due to stomach heat type and deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach type (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion The expression of N-glycan was specifically changed in gastric cancer. These variations could promote the metastasis of gastric cancer and potentially have certain correlation with TCM syndromes.

Objective To sum up a new surgical method to treat knee ankylosis with skeletal traction following arthrolysis. Methods Skeletal traction through supracondyle of femur or through patella was applied for 48 patients with knee ankylosis after dissection of both intra and extra articular adhesion and quadricepsplasty. Results The follow up period ranged from 3 to 36 months. The flexion angles of the knee joint increased 70?to 105?in 34 patients. Conclusion Skeletal traction following arthrolysis to treat knee ankylosis can prolong the length of quadriceps,increase the flexion angle of the knee joint step by step and facilitate early functional recovery after operation.

To statistically study the patients with asplenia syndrome combining complex congenital heart disease (CHD) for their common cardiac malformation, frequency of occurrence and to explore the anatomical features with possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 47 patients with asplenia syndrome were analyzed including 27 male and 20 female at the age from 23 days to 32 years. The common cardiac malformation and frequency of occurrence were statistically studied. Results: ① The cardiac malformations were mainly with the following types: abnormal position of heart in 16 (34.0%) cases, a wide range of septal tissue defect in 47 (100%) cases, abnormal atrio-ventricular valve in 42 (89.4%) cases, abnormal aortic origin in 47 (100%) cases, abnormal position of 2 grate arteries in 46 (97.8%) cases, right ventricular outflow obstruction/pulmonary arterydysplasiain 45 (95.7%) cases, anomalous systemic venous drainage in 44 (91.5%) cases and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in 28 (59.6%) cases. ② The cardiac malformations were usually involved in several positions as 1 (2.1%) patient with 4 kinds of abnormal structures, 5 (10.6%) patients with 5 kinds of abnormal structures, 13 (27.7%) patients with 6 kinds of abnormal structures, 23 (48.9%) patients with 7 kinds of abnormal structures and 7 (14.9%) patients with 8 kinds of abnormal structures. Conclusion: Asplenia syndrome combining cardiac malformation has been complex while with specificity. Laterality dysfunction might be the primarycause for series malformations.

AIM: Tyrosinase gene was transfected into HEK293 cell as a reporter gene, it's property of synthesizing melanin, which can be examined by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), is used to evaluate the tyrosinase gene's expression. The aim of this study was to search a way to evaluate the results of gene expression by MRI in vitro .METHODS: The plasmid of pcDNA3tyr which carried the full-length cDNA of tyrosinase gene was transfected into HEK293 cell by lipofectin. To observe the MRI signals of expressed melanin,the transfected cells were scanned by MRI sequences of T 1WI, T 1WI/SPIR and T 2WI. On the other hand, fontana stain was used to search for melanin granules in transfected cells, RT-PCR method was used to search for cDNA of tyrosinase gene. RESULTS: (1) Plasmids of pcDNA3tyr could be transfected into HEK293 cells and could synthesize a large amount of melanin. The synthetic melanins of 10 6 cells, which had been transfected 5?g, 10?g, 20?g plasmids of pcDNA3tyr separately, were all sufficient to be detected by MRI and appeared high signal in MRI T 1WI、T 1WI/SPIR、T 2WI sequences. The signal intensities of MRI imaging were related to the amounts of transfected plasmids positively. (2) The melanin granules could be found in HEK293 cells by Fontana stain. (3) The cDNA fragment of tyrosinase gene could be detected in transfected HEK293 cells by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: The fact that MRI could detect the synthetic melanin of HEK293 cells, which controlled by expression of exogenous gene, demonstrates that medical imaging connecting with molecular biology technology can evaluate the result of gene expression in vitro .

Objective To observe liver pathological characteristics of the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) C57BL/6 mice.Methods We established AIH C57BL/6 mice model with mixed adjuvants of allogenic liver antigens and complete freund's adjuvant by intraperitoneal injection.Then we determined and compared the body weight,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) between the normal control group (N group) and AIH model group (M group).And we compared the pathological characteristics of liver,spleen,heart,lung,kidney between two groups.Results We successfully established AIH C57BL/6 mice model.Compared with N group,we found that the average weight increase of mice in M group was decreased,ALT and AST of mice in M group were boosted.In M group,liver of mice presented typical interface of hepatitis,lymphocytic infiltration,even severe hepatitis,and showed spotty necrosis,multi-acinar necrosis.Some showed early sign of liver fibrosis by aprearing fibrous tissue hyperplasia.M group mouse's spleens were enlarged significantly.The spleen had darker color,not neat,and not smooth.Meanwhile,results were analyzed with statistics to confirm whether there was a significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05).About lungs,hearts and kidneys of mice in two groups,the pathological features were not found,and there was no statistic difference (P＞0.05).Conclusions The liver pathological characteristics of AIH C57BL/6 mice are similar to AIH patients.The results provide the pathological basis for the experimental research of autoimmune hepatitis.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of double support plate via posteromedial approach in the treat?ment of tibial plateau fracture of posterior column. Methods A total of 21 cases of tibial plateau fracture in closed posterior column with an average age of 34.6 (range, 21 to 56) years old were treated using double support plate through posteromedial approach from January in 2010 to January in 2013(16 males and 5 females). Among all, 4 cases were combined with lateral column fracture and 17 cases were three column fracture. Wound healings were observed after operation. X-ray examina?tions were performed at 2 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation as well as at last follow up. The averaged healing time was calculated. Changes of tibial plateau angle and posterior slope angle were compared between time points at 2 weeks after operation and at last follow up. Rasmussen knee score criteria was employed to assess knee joint recovery. Results The mean follow-up was (18.2 ± 1.8) months. No infection was reported. The average fracture healing time was 3.8(3.8±0.6)months. There was no significant difference between tibia plateau angle and posterior slope angle be?tween time points at 2 weeks after operation and at last follow-up (P<0.05). According to Rasmussen knee score criteria at last follow-up, 13 cases were graded as excellent, 6 cases as good, and 2 case as fair, with an excellent and good rate of 90.5%. Conclusion With posteromedial approach, the fractures of medial column, posteromedial and posterolateral of pos?terial column can be exposed well. Using double support plates to fix posteromedial and posterolateral of posterior column fracture can effectively prevent loss of reduction and the function of knee recovered well postoperatively.