Imaging guidance techniques for percutaneous ablation could be provided by fluoroscopy, US,CT and MR.The choice between them offen depends on the skill and preference of the operator and also the availability.CT can provide accurate three dimensional(3D)anatomical information,contrast enhancement will better delineate the lesion and assess its vascularity and 3D restruction techniques would further highlight the surrounding vascular structure and organs in order to prevent damages during puncture.MSCT is thus eminently suitable for percutaneous tumor ablation guidance procedures,including pure ethanol injection (PEI),microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT),interstitial laser photocoagutation(ILP),radio-frequency(RF), electrochemotherapy(ECHT)and so on.In recent years,CT-guided radioactive seed implantation technique in treating lung tumor,pancreatic cancer and metastasis was reported with good clinical effects of minimal damage and few complications.Some investigators reported that there were no significant differences in the tumor necrosis rate,cumulative recurrence and cumulative survival rate between PEI alone and PEI combined TACE for small tumor,however,combined therapy of PEI and TACE has better efficacy in treatment of tumor larger than 3 cm compared to only one therapeutic technique.Therefore,combination of interventional therapies may be more suitable for treatmemt of larger tumors.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:793-795)

Medical imaging is evolving from the traditional morphologic examination to a pattern that combines morphologic and functional examinations that can reflect physiochemical changes at cellular and molecular levels. Functional imaging techniques, including CT perfusion imaging, MR diffusion weighted imaging, MR perfusion imaging and MR spectroscopy, have been drawing increasingly more attention in pathological study of the livers, pancreas, kidneys, prostates and lymph nodes, and the prospect is promising. CT & MR functional imaging combined with morphologic examination is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pathological lesions.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of TNF and IL 2 recombinant adenoviruses via intra arterial injection on metastatic liver cancer in rat model. Methods Recombinant adenoviruses harboring hTNF ? or hIL 2 gene were amplified in 293 cells and subjected to titration by the pathogenetic effects on 293 cell. The rats bearing metastatic liver cancer of Walker 256 breast carcinoma were randomly grouped and administered via gastra intestinal artery with hTNF ? recombinant adenoviruses alone, or hIL 2 recombinant adenoviruses alone, or at the dose of 1.0?10 9 pfu/rat. The therapeutic effects were observed including their survival time. Results The prepared recombinant adenoviruses of hTNF ? and hIL 2 were with the titers of 2.0?10 9 pfu/ml and 2.1?10 9 pfu/ml, respectively. 1.0 ?10 9 pfu hTNF was the proper dose. Administration of hTNF ? or hIL 2 recombinant adenoviruses via hepatic artery could extend the survival time of metastatic liver cancer bearing rats, with the better therapeutic effects achieved by combinatorial administration of these two adenoviruses. Conclusion Arterial administration of adenoviruses may be an effective approach to targeted immunogene therapy for cancer.

Objective To investigate the gene transfer efficiency and lasted time in rat organs by hepatic artery injection with LacZ reporter gene recombinant adenoviruses. Methods Seven groups of rats were injected with Ad.LacZ (2?10 9 pfu/ml) and two groups of rats were injected with PBS 1 ml as control separately through gastra intestinal artery, and liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were gotten at 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 72 hrs, 7 day, 14 day, 21 day, and 28day, respectively. X gal staining was used to check up expression of LacZ gene. Results Expression of LacZ gene was detected in liver 12 hrs after injection, but none were done in spleen, lung, and kidney. Up to 21days, LacZ gene expressed in liver, but the gene expression lasted for only 14 days in spleen, lung, and kidney LacZ gene was not detected in the two control groups in all organs at 7 day. Conclusion When recombinant adenovirus was administrated through hepatic artery, the introduced gene expressed preferentially in liver. This result was the basis of intraarterial administration of cytokines gene to treat liver tumor.

ObjectiveTo establish nude mouse tumor models bearing human pancreatic adenocarcinoma SW1990 cells in multiple sites at different time-points and investigate the feasibiilty of multiple tumor-bearing in these models; then the findings and detection rate of 3.0T magnetic resonance image (MRI) in subcutaneous transplanted tumors was analyzed. Methods A total of 6 BALB/C nude mice were randomized into 3 groups (2 mice per group ).At the 1st,8th,15th day,the mice were injected subcutaneously with the suspension of SW1990 cells at left axilla and right axilla and right groin in sequence.Three weeks later,all the bearing-tumor mice were performed with MRI non-contrast enhanced scanning plus Gd-DTPA enhanced scan and the subcutaneous masses were subjected to pathological analysis.ResultsAll the 6 nude mice were alive during the study and obvious mass was observed in every injected site.The tumor size was positively associated with the grwing time.There were 9 tumors which could be de.ted by noncontrast enhanced MRI scanning and one more tumor was detected by contrast enhanced scanning.2 tumors were not detected,the 2 tumors were located at subcutaneous of right groin,with the shortest growing time,and the major axis of the 2 un-detected tumors was less than 5mm.Despite the MRI findings of the transplanted masses similar to that of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma with bleeding,necrosis,they presented the characteristics of a clear rim,with pseudocapeule sign.All the 12 masses were similar with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma under light microscope.ConclusionsIt is feasible to transplant human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell at three different subcutaneous sites (injected at three different points of time) in the nude mouse,with a minimal survival time of three weeks.However,routine 3.0T MRI cannot detect the early tumors (growing time within 1 week,major axis ＜5 mm).

Objective To explore the safety and success rate of endovascular intervention in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Methods Double balloon-catheters were inserted into proximal and distal of the obstructive segments in inferior vena cava of 18 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome respectively. The balloon was filled with contrast medium. Perforation in the obstructive segments was done by hard core through a balloon-catheter, using another one as a guide. Results The length of obstructive segments in inferior vena cava ranged from 1.2cm to 8.0cm. In the 18 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome, 15 obstructive segments were perforated successfully(83.3%), of whom 6 cases were performed by single balloon-catheters with acute pericardial wadding in 1 case and 9 cases by double balloon-catheters without vessels damage and bleeding. Conclusions The membrane perforation induced by double balloon-catheters is a key process of endovascular interventive technique in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Objective To study the changes of imaging features of rats with implanted liver cancer before and after electrochemotherapy (EChT).Methods Immediate cancerous ascites injection method was used to form rats liver cancer model. The imaging features of rats with implanted liver cancer, including tumor size, density, border, enhancement and singal were observed with CT and MRI respectively. Results The characteristic magings showed all these rats bearing single, round tumor in liver seven days later. Low density lesions were seen in pre contrast scans and tumor border intensification were seen on contrast scans. Low signal lesions were found in MRI T 1WI and high signal lesions were revealed on MRI T 2WI. Seven days after EchT, low density lesions were seen in pre contrast scan and non enhanced appearences were seen in contrast scan by CT. High signal and mixed signal lesion were seen in MRI T 1WI and relative low signal lesion were seen in MRI T 2WI.Conclusions Imaging features analysis is useful to assess the therapeutic effect on rats with implanted liver cancer before and after EChT.

Objective To compare the effects of electrochemotherapy (EChT) on implanted liver tumor cells apoptosis of rats.Methods Immediate cancerous ascitis injection method was used for the formation of rats liver tumor model and then followed by rats liver tumor treatment with EChT. Tumor size, necrosis and apoptosis indexes were observed after one week by imaging or pathologic method. The results were compared with those of control group. Results Before EChT, rats liver tumor volume appeared as (100?6)mm 3 and turned to be (125?10)mm 3 one week after EChT, which were significantly smaller than those of the control group [(190?11)mm 3], P

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of electrochemotherapy (EChT) and radiofrequence ablation (RFA) on rats with implanted liver cancer.Methods Immediate cancerous ascites injection method was utilized for creation of rats liver cancer model and followed by treatment with EchT and RFA respectively. Tumor size, necrosis and apoptosis were observed one week later by imaging and pathology. The results were compared with those of control group. The survival times were observed also. Results Before treatment, all rats average liver tumor volume was (100?6)mm 3. One week after treatment, average tumor volumes in EChT group [(125?10)mm 3] and RFA group [(143?12)mm 3] were significantly smaller than those of control group [(190?11)mm 3], but tumor volume showed significant statistical difference between EChT group and RFA group. Necrosis, apoptosis and survival times in EChT group and RFA group were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusions EChT or RFA could promote tumor necrosis, induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time of rats with implanted liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the complications of thyroid arterial embolization and their prevention and treatment.Methods 61 cases of thyroid disorders received the therapy of thyroid arterial embolization were retrospectively studied. The complications of arterial embolization during or after the procedure were analyzed. How to prevent and deal with these complications were discussed. Results Sensitivity to contrast media occurred in 1 case and surgical arterial injury in 2. After embolization thyroid storm occurred in 1 patient and all other complications including headache(23 cases), toothache(11 cases), neckache(13 cases), hoarseness(37 cases) were caused by non target arterial embolization with the most serious one of cerebral infarction(1 case) and another eyelid ptosis (1 case). The cerebral infarct one was treated with some vasodilating drugs and anti coagulant, all others were given anti symptomatics or no special treatment.Conclusions Proper treatment should be ready during thyroid arterial embolization and given in time with occurance of complications.