Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies.Current radiological examination is quite limited in diagnosing early HCC.Various treatments for HCC have definite indications,and there is still no effective treatment and prevention for recurrence and metastasis.Based on the recent development of molecular targeting nanotechnology for specific molecules in liver cancer cells,early diagnosis and the monitoring of recurrence and metastasis for HCC can be improved,and the specificity of drug in targeting cancer cells and the therapeutic effect on HCC can be significantly enhanced.The article reviewed the application and significance of molecular targeting nanotechnology in HCC diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changing with time and space in cerebral infarction,and to provide the evidence in defining the infarction stages.Methods 117 work-ups in 98 patients with cerebral infarction (12 hyperacute,43 acute,29 subacute,10 steady,and 23 chronic infarctions) were imaged with both conventional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging.The average ADC values,the relative ADC (rADC) values,and the ADC values or rADC values from the center to the periphery of the lesion were calculated.Results The average ADC values and the rADC values of hyperacute and acute infarction lesion depressed obviously.rADC values in hyperacute and acute stage was minimized,and progressively increased as time passed and appeared as "pseudonormal" values in approximately 8 to 14 days.Thereafter,rADC values became greater than normal in chronic stage.There was positive correlation between rADC values and time[ (174 ±3.47)% vs (58±6.75)%,t =2.03,P ＜0.05 ].The ADC values and the rADC values in hyperacute and acute lesions had gradient signs that these lesions increased from the center to the periphery.The ADC values and the rADC values in subacute lesions had adverse gradient signs that these lesions decreased from the center to the periphery.Conclusion The ADC values of infarction lesions have evolution rules with time and space.The evolution rules with time and those in space can be helpful to provide the evidence in guiding the treatment or judging the prognosis in infarction.

Objective To comparison anterior cervical decompression and plating techniques for CSM between under microscope and traditional method retrospectively, investigate clinical result of surgery under microscope. Methods Sixty-seven patients with CSM underwent surgery of anterior cervical decompression and plating techniques were evaluated retrospectively from January 2008 to June 2010. Thirty-three patients underwent operation under microscope; thirty-four patients underwent traditional operation. The operating time, bleeding volume during operating and poster operating, walking time post-operation and complication were observed. Clinical outcomes were assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), Image of before and after operation. Results Microsurgery operation time averaged of 100 minutes. Bleeding volume during the operation averaged of 60 ml, and after operation averaged of 40 ml. The JOA scores were improved from 8.43 pre-operatively to 14.70. Six months post operation, the average rage of JOA improvement were 83.2%. Traditional operation time averaged of 115 minutes. Bleeding volume during operation averaged of 100 ml, and after operation averaged of 50 ml. The JOA scores were improved from 7.45 pre-operatively to 11.84. Six months post operation, the average rage of JOA improvement were 82.1%. There were difference between two groups(P ＞ 0.05) in the JOA scores. No statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05) in bleeding volume and operating time. Conclusion The operation under microscope is restored significantly than the traditional method in bleeding volume, the surgical field, safety of operation, time of recovery and so on.

Objective To investigate the effect of using pterional approach combined with partial orbital roof and zygomatic process resection (modified orbitopterional approach)for the management of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms. Methods From October 2013 to October 2016,36 consecutive patients with ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,Binzhou Medical University Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. They were all confirmed by DSA or CT angiography. The orbitopterional approach was used,only part of the orbital roof was removed and the structures of lateral orbital wall and the wings of sphenoid bone were not removed. The clinical manifestations,imaging data,surgical methods,and surgical results of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms were summarized. Results All 36 patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysm in this group were treated with the modified orbitopterional approach. There was no obvious brain retraction injury on CT scan after procedure. At the time of discharge,the Glasgow outcome scale score was 5 in 25 cases, 4 in 8 cases,and 3 in 3 cases. No patients died. The patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months;no rebleeding and recurrence were observed. No complications occurred,such as enophthalmos,damage to the eyeballs, and cranial nerve injury. Conclusion The modified orbitopterional approach increased the operation space,avoided the distraction of brain tissue,significantly shortened the operation distance,and increased the deep observation angle through the removal of part of the orbital roof and the zygomatic process. It is suitable for the treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysms,especially the rear direction,upper direction and high positioned aneurysms. There was no bone loss in the procedure,no need for orbital roof reconstruction. The gyri rectus was retained anatomically,and it may be helpful to protect the postoperative cognitive function of the patients.

Objective To investigate the distribution of nerve growth factor(NGF) and epidermal growth factor(EGF) and their colocalization with follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) in rat submaxilary glands,and to study the effects of FSH on the secretion of NGF and EGF by submandibular gland tissue in vitro.Methods Immunohistochemical colocalization method was used in the experiment.Submandibular tissues of rats were incubated in vitro and different concentration of FSH was added.Enzyme link immunoassay was used to measure EGF and NGF in supernatant.Results The serous glandular cells,granular convoluted epithelial cells and all other duct epithelial cells in the submandibular gland showed FSH,NGF or EGF positive immunoreactivity.The positive substance was distributed in the cytoplasm with negative nuclei.Both FSH and NGF or EGF positive products were co-located in rat submandibular gland.When the concentration of FSH was more than 10-5-10-6 IU/L,the secretion of EGF and NGF lessened with the decreased concentration of FSH;when the concentration of FSH was less than 10-5-10-6 IU/L,the secretion of EGF and NGF increased with the decreased concentration of FSH.Conclusion FSH has the same bidirectional regulation effects on EGF and NGF in vitro.FSH may regulate the function of endocrine of rat submandibular gland.

Objective To study the effect of brucine on the growth of a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line in vitro. Methods Brucine was added into a liver cancer cell line of SMMC-7721 in vitro, at drug concentration of brucine from 2. 5 μg/ml to 400 μg/ml. The inhibition rate of cell growth was measured by MTT technique after the cells were cultured for 72 hours. The protein and mRNA expression of PCNA,cyclin D1 and FAS were respectively assayed with Western blotting and fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR techniques at 24, 48, 72 h. Results The inhibition rate of liver cancer cell was near 100% when the brucine concentration was at 320 μg/ml. The protein and mRNA expression of FAS were of no significant difference at 24 h vs 48 h ( seperately F = 2. 547,1. 582, all P ＞ 0. 05 ), and significant difference existed at 24 h vs 72 h( seperately F = 1. 036, 1. 137, all P ＜ 0. 05 ). The protein and mRNA expression of PCNA,Cyclin D1 were of no significant difference between various time period( seperately PCNA F = 3.612,2. 174,3.029;Cyclin D1 F=2.361,2.915,1.976,all P＞0.05). Conclusions Brucine inhibits the growth of liver cancer cells, by inducing increased apoptosis of the cells probably through FAS overexpression.

Objective To analyzed the CT features of struma ovarii(SO).Methods The clinical data and CT features of eleven patients with pathologically proved SO were retrospectively analyzed.CT features were compared with pathological results.Results(1)All tumors were unilateral.On non-enhanced CT,the lesions presented as well-defined irregular masses,which were cystic-solid(n=6,54.5%)or cystic(n=5,45,5%).(2)The cystic portions presented as well-defined,multiple,various size,and there were entire cystic walls with smooth inner wall.The tumors(63.6%)showed a high at attenuation lesions in the cyst portion of the mass on precontrast scans and the attenuation ranged from 72.3 to 113.5 Hounsfield units(HU)in 7 cases.The solid portions showed irregular tissue density,and were often distributed in the cysts.After contrast administration,the cystic portions showed no enhancement,the solid portions marked enhancement,and the cystic walls demonstrated no moderate,or marked enhancement.(3)The tumors(72.7%)showed stippled calcification in solid portions and(or)cystic wall in 8 cases.(4)The tumors(27.3%)accompanied with mature cystic teratomas,and showed fat density in 3 cases.(5)The tumors(27.3%)accompanied a great of ascites and pleural liquid.Conclusion CT characteristics of SO might be of great value for the diagnosis.

Objective To describe the MRI features of vanishing white matter disease (VWM).Methods Ten patients diagnosed as VWM between 2008-2013 were enrolled,with the mean age of(40 ±23)months.The clinical materials and MR images of them were reviewed retrospectively.The findings of MRI were analyzed by two experienced neuroradiologists in this study,including the location (cerebrum,cerebellum,brainstem,corpus callosum and internal/external capsule),size and signal intensity of the lesions,as well as the presence of cystic degeneration,cerebrum atrophy and the abnormal signal of the basal nuclei.Results MRI of brain typically showed extensive abnormal signal in the cerebral central white matter (10/10) and the focal lesion in subcortical white matter (9/10).The involvement of U-fibers was present in 7 cases.Cystic degeneration of the affected white matter was found in 7 cases.Abnormal signal also appeared in the white matter of posterior limb of the internal capsule (8/10),the external capsule (7/10),the inner rim (the callosal-septal interface) of the corpus callosum (8/10).The lesions of the thalamus and globus pallidus were detected in 2 cases.The white matter of the brainstem and cerebellum were involved in 6 and 7 cases respectively.Conclusion VWM typically shows a diffuse and symmetrical abnormal signal in the cerebral white matter with cystic degeneration on MRI,which is usually diagnostic.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of the traditional surgical method of posterior pedicle Schanz screw fixa-tion with partially stripping injured paravertebral muscle in treating thoracolumbar fracture .Methods 52 cases with thoracolumbar fracture underwent posterior pedicle Schanz screw fixation to partially strip injured paravertebral muscle from January ,2010 to Jan-uary ,2012 .The patients were divided into partially stripping injured paravertebral muscle group (32 cases) and traditionally strip-ping injured paravertebral muscle group(20 cases) .The blood loss ,postoperative drainage ,kyphosis postoperative 3 d VAS scores , vertebral height correction rate ,Cobb angle correction ,Oswestry dysfunction indexes were copmared .Results Comparing with tra-ditionally stripping injured paravertebral muscle group ,the partially stripping injured paravertebral muscle group has better effect in transperative blood loss ,postoperative drainage and postoperative 3 d VAS scores ,the differences were statistically significant .But there was no statistical significance between the two groups in vertebral height correction rate ,kyphosis Cobb angle correction ,Os-westry dysfunction indexes .Conclusion Partially strip injured paravertebral muscle has less painful than traditional surgery does , being safe and effective with small invasion and easy to recover .

Objective To investigate the effects of sorafenib combined with dendritic cells and cytokine induced killer (DC-CIK) cells on the growth,invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods CIK cells and dendritic cells from healthy adults were cultured in vitro.Mice models with H22 hepatic cancer were established,and randomly divided into the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and the sorafenib + DC-CIK group according to the random number table.There were 40 rats in each group.All the mice received intragastric gavage with sorafenib of 100 μg/g once a day.DC-CIK cells were intraperitoneally injected into the mice every 3 days with 1 × 107 cells each time.Twenty mice bearing tumors in each group were sacrificed after treatment for 3 weeks,and the peripheral venous blood and hepatic tumor tissues were harvested.The levels of alphafetoprotein (AFP) were detected by ELISA,and the necrotic degree of tumor tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The protein expressions of Ki-67 and CD34 in the tumor tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method.The survival time of the other 20 mice bearing the tumor in each group were detected.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or LSD test.Results CIK cells and dendritic cells were successfully cultured.The levels of AFP in the peripheral venous blood of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were (0.675 ± 0.177) rg/L,(0.379 ± 0.052) ng/L,(0.415 ± 0.028) ng/L,(0.288 ± 0.012) ng/L,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =0.415,P ＜ 0.05).The numbers of intrahepatic and peritoneal metastasis of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were 21.2 ± 1.3 and 29.7 ± 7.6,16.4 ± 1.6 and 17.4 ± 1.8,20.2 ± 1.7 and 26.4 ± 1.7,15.2 ± 1.3 and 15.2 ± 1.3,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =2.137,3.271,P ＜0.05).The tumor inhibition rate of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were 0,21％ ± 3％,9％ ± 3％ and 24％ ± 5％,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =3.715,P ＜0.05).The survival time of mice in the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib ± DC-CIK group were (18.2 ± 2.5) days,(21.6 ± 2.1) days,(24.3 ± 2.8) days and (25.4 ± 1.4) days,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =6.247,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sorafenib combined with immunotherapy can significantly increase the therapeutic effects of molecular targeted drug on hepatocellular carcinoma.