Objective: To analyze the equity of benefit which residents with different income get from Urban Employee Medical Insurance ( UEMI) and New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NCMS). Methods: Data used in this study is based on the forth household health service survey in Shanxi province. The indirectly standardization method and concentration index were employed to analyze the horizontal inequity index of benefit rate and benefit degree. Results:The horizontal inequity index of benefit rate and benefit degree in UEMI are 0.0524 and 0.0025, and the horizontal inequity index of benefit rate and benefit degree in NCMS are 0.2312 and 0.3228. Conclusion: The urban residents get the equal benefit from UEM, and there were pro-rich horizontal inequities of benefit rate and benefit degree in NCMS.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the properties of nosocomial infections among acute stroke victims,analyze the risk factors associated with these infections,and find out effective methods of care and management.METHODS Between Jan 2003 to Dec 2006,428 cases of stroke victims were studied to analyze the special properties and risk factors related to hospital infections among them.RESULTS Their nosocomial infection rate was 8.93%,repetitive infection rate was 9.41%,and the top five infected sites were the lower respiratory tract,digestive tract,urinary tract,upper respiratory tract and skin,with their respective rates as 47.66%,17.76%,15.19%,9.81%and 6.31%.The occurrence of hospital infections was associated with stroke as well as the quality of the nursing care process,invasive procedures,duration of stay in the hospital,dietary conditions,etc.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection is still a high frequent complication in cerebral stroke and those related factors should be paid attention.To effectively decrease nosocomial infections related to stroke,it is necessary to improve nursing care and supervision as well as control over the quality of care.

Objective:To determine the content of magnolol and honokiol in KAIXIONG SHUNQI CAPSULE by HPLC.Methods:Separation was achieved on a Nova Pak C 18 column. The mobile phase was metanol water(78∶22), the wavelength of the UV detector 294nm.Results:Linear range of megnolol and honokiol were 0.08?g 0.4 ?g and 0.052?g 0.26?g, respectively. The average recovery was 100.22% ( RSD =1.21%).Conclusion: The method was accurate and reliable.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of LIGHT/HVEM in patients after allo-HSCT and the development of GVHD. Methods The expression of LIGHT and HVEM in T lymphocytes was detected by FACS Calibur. Results All patients achieved engraftment and hematopoiesis reconstitution, aGVHD occurred in 9 of 26 patients (34.6%) with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD in 3 cases. Seven cases developed cGVHD (26.9%). LIGHT was not expressed in T lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients without GVHD, while constitutive expression of HVEM was detected. When aGVHD occurred, the expression levels of LIGHT in T lymphocytes were significantly increased, while those of HVEM decreased. After GVHD was controlled, the expression levels of those co-stimulators went back to normal On the day 15 after transplantation, the expression of LIGHT in T lymphocytes of patients with aGVHD later was significantly higher, while that of HVEM lower than in those without aGVHD. The patients with aGVHD of grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ demonstrated higher LIGHT expression than in those with aGVHD of grades Ⅰ-Ⅱ. Conclusion The expression of LIGHT and HVEM might be involved in the development of GVHD after allo-HSCT and could be used as one of the useful indicators in predicting aGVHD.

Considering the core concept of the system theory,the author describes the conception,components and main functions of the subjects,the objects and behavioral factors for the popularization and application of appropriate health technologies.This theoretically built up the system model for transfer and application of the appropriate health technologies in Chinese rural areas.

Objective To investigate mutations of oncogene K-ras in colorectal cancer tissues and the relationship between mutations of K-ras and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer.Methods Specimens of 90 patients with colorectal cancer were detected K-ras gene by direct sequencing.Then satistical analysis were used to analyzed the associations between K-ras mutation status and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer.Results 31 cases were detected mutation in 90 cases of colorectal cancer specimens.The total mutation rate of K-ras was 34.4 ％.There were 21 eases of single mutation occurred in codon 12.One case had double mutation in codon 12.9 cases mutation were occurred in codon 13.There were significant difference between K-ras mutation rate and the location of tumor (P =0.042).The frequency of 12/13 codon mutation was no correlated with age,gender,tumor size,dukes stage,hepatic metastases,location of tumor.Conclusion The rate of K-ras mutation is correlated with the location of tumor.

Objective To observe the effects of 6%hydroxyethyl starch(Volven 130/0.4)infusion on hemodynamics and coagulation.Methods 60 cases of open heart surgical children under cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two groups(30 cases for each):The control group(group C)were infused with 400 ml plasma and volven group(group V)were infused with 400 ml Volven before cardiopulmonary bypass.Then mean aterial pressrue(MAP),heart rate(HR),and central venous pressure(CVP)were measured.The venous blood samples were collected before and after infusion for the measurements of the following parameters:haematocrit(HCT),blood sedimentation(BSR),platelet count(PLC),prothrombin time(PT),and activated whole blood clot time(ACT).Those indexes before operation,15 min after bypass,after returning to ICU,and 24 hours after operation were observed.Results HCT and PLC after infusion were significantly lower than that before infusion.BSR after infusion was significantly faster than that before infusion.There were no significant changes in MAP,HR,CVP,PLC,ACT and PT.Conclusion 6%Hydroxyethyl starch infusion is safe and beneficial during cardiopulmonary bypass.

This paper discussed in detail the external macro factors and internal key function mechanisms of the transformation and application system for appropriate health technologies in rural areas.The macro components include political factors,social factors,population factors,environmental factors and health policy factors.The internal key function mechanisms include policy mechanism,benefit mechanism and guarantee mechanism.

Objective To determine normal reference ranges for venous blood count among children aging from 1 year old to 12 years old.Methods These normal reference ranges were defined in a population of 526 healthy children who had no blood system diseases,allergic diseases,respiratory system diseases,urinary system diseases,digestive system disease,rheumatoid disease,thyroid disease,parasitic infections,malignancies and genetic disease,etc.Values of white blood cell count (WBC),red blood cell count (RBC),hemoglobin (Hb)concentration,red blood cell specific volume (Hct),mean corpusular volume(MCV),mean cell hemoglo-bin (MCH),mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCHC),platelet (PLT),percentage of neutrophil (NE%),percentage of lymphocyte (LY%),percentage of mononuclear cells (MO%),percentage of acidophilic granulocyte (EOS%).Statistical analysis was done on various parameters that we recorded,and then for every parameter,we could get the various reference ranges for different age groups.Results The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on age.Besides the parameters of WBC count and classification of WBC,the rest of parameters were proved to be of no statistical difference between 4 groups..After an integration of the values,we could get the results as follows:RBC(4.02-5.2)×10 1 2/L,HGB 108-144 g/L,Hct 35.2%-40.4%,MCV 74.6-89.9 fL,MCH 20.9-34.7 pg,MCHC 332- 340 g/L,PLT(157 - 409 )× 10 9/L.WBC count did not have statistical difference between the age group 6-<9 and 9-12,but did have between the rest groups.After an integration of the values of WBC count,it could be conclu-ded that WBC count of age group1-<3 was(4.88-13.38)×10 9/L,that of age group 3-<6 was(4.26-1 1.6)×10 9/L and that of age group 6-12 was (4.24-10.24)×10 9/L.WBC classification results were various in different age groups.The values showed as follows:age group 1-<3 NE:29%-32%,LY:58%-61%;age group 3 -<6 NE:43%-46%,LY:43%-46%;age group 6-<9NE:49%-52%,LY:38%-40%;age group 9 to 12NE:5 1% - 58%,LY:33% - 39%.Conclusion WBC classification re-sults and WBC count do have statistical difference in different age groups.Besides the parameters of WBC count and classification of WBC,the rest of parameters are proved to be of no statistically difference in different age groups.The values of WBC count decrea-ses as the age increases.From WBC classification results,the most apparent fact is that the percentage of neutrophil increases as the age increases but the percentage of lymphocyte is just the contrary.As mentioned above,we suggest that we should establish a spe-cific whole blood count normal reference range for each age group during our laboratory testing work.

Objective:To study the health equity and explore the influencing factors of health inequities among those insured in New Rural Cooperative Medical System and to provide theoretical and factual basis for improvement of medical insurance system through .Method:Using concentration index decomposition to explore the sources of inequity in health outcomes and the degree of horizontal inequity in health outcomes .Results:Economical level leads that the concentration indexes of two week prevalence favor the poor , i.e.the worse the health outcome of the rich is.Economical level leads that the concentration indexes of chronic disease prevalence and self -reported health defective rate favor the rich , i.e.the worse the health outcome of the poor is .Conclusion:Economic level is the primary factors affecting two weeks prevalence , age, culture level, the employment situation is the factors al-leviate health outcomes unfair .Increase people′s economic level and cultural level , improve the situation of em-ployment is important to the health equity .