Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies.Current radiological examination is quite limited in diagnosing early HCC.Various treatments for HCC have definite indications,and there is still no effective treatment and prevention for recurrence and metastasis.Based on the recent development of molecular targeting nanotechnology for specific molecules in liver cancer cells,early diagnosis and the monitoring of recurrence and metastasis for HCC can be improved,and the specificity of drug in targeting cancer cells and the therapeutic effect on HCC can be significantly enhanced.The article reviewed the application and significance of molecular targeting nanotechnology in HCC diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To observe the expression changes of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in the liver,the lung,the kidney and the intestine of rat during acute liver failure(ALF).Methods:Wistar male rats(n=60) were randomly divided into 6 groups:SO group,ALF 6 h group,ALF 12 h group,L-Arg (300 mg/kg) group,L-NAME (30 mg/kg) group,L-Arg+L-NAME group, each group had 10 rats.The expression of eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA in the liver,lung and kidney was determined with in situ hybridization,and in the small and large intestines was determined with immunohistochemical method.Results:The expression of eNOS mRNA in the lung and iNOS mRNA in the liver,lung and kidney increased significantly 6 h after operation,but the expression of eNOS mRNA and iNOS mRNA in the liver,lung and kidney reduced 12 h after operation(P

Model BT87-3 experimental intracorporeal thrombosis surveyor is an instrument used to determine animal intracorporeal thrombosis. It is now being used in more and more medical and pharmaceutical schools as well as research academies and institutes,with good effects.We have used it for many years and summed up a set of skills of use and precautions for people of the same profession.

ObjectiveTo observe the e ff ect of NO precursor or/and NOS inhibitor on the survival of acute liver failure( ALF) rats.MethodsModel of ALF rat was established by resecting 90% of the rat liver and the effect of NO prec ursor or/and NOS inhibitor was observed.Resu ltsAdministration of NO precursor significantly improved the liver, lung, kidney and bowel function. The rats′ survival rate at 24 h, and 72 h increased significantly, whereas NOS inhibitor deteriorated fu nctions of important organs(P

It is to difficult to diagnose and treat hepatobiliary surgical diseases since its diverse clinical manifestations,which increases the difficulty of clinical internship.Taking clinical cases as teaching material,case-based learning was combined with teaching theme and was conducted by means of discussion and question and answer between teachers and students.Students can know about concepts or theories related to teaching theme.Case-based learning in internship can consolidate basic knowledge of hepatobiliary surgery,cultivate clinical scientific thinking and is helpful in analyzing and resolving problems of hepatobiliary surgical diseases.

Objective To discuss the treatment and prevention of bile duct complications after living donor liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 84 cases of living donor liver trans-plantation including 56 adult recipients and 28 pediatric recipients were analyzed. Amongst the 84 pa-tients, 66 had benign end-stage liver diseases and 18 hepatocellular carcinoma. Duct-to-duct biliary re-construction was performed in 50 cases. One recipient received an end-to-end and end-to-side anasto-mosis of hepatic duct of donor and hepatic duct and common bile duct of recipient and another under-went end-to-end anastomosis of hepatic duct of donor and hepatic duct and cystic duct of recipient while the other 32 cases hepaticojejunostomy. 4Fr or 6Fr stent was routinely inserted into bile duct af-ter biliary reconstruction and elicited from the anterior wall of common bile duct or lateral wall of jeju-nal caecum of recipient in all the 84 cases. Results Twenty-four cases had biliary complications and the incidence was 28.5 %. The incidence of biliary leakage was significantly different between duct-to-duct reconstruction and hepaticojejunostomy (8.3% νs 16.7%, P＜0.05). The incidence of biliary stricture was markedly different between duct-to-duct reconstruction and hepaticojejunostomy (50% νs 16.7%, P＜0.05). The biliary complication was remarkably different between single hepatic duct and multiple hepatic duct (20.8% νs 79.2, P＜0.05). Four cases of biliary leakage were cured with con-servative treatment and the other 4 need reoperation. Four cases of biliary stricture were cured by way of endoscopic dilation and nose-biliary drainage, 2 cases turned to be better. Six cases were cured by conversion of hepaticojejunostomy and 4 turned to be better by way of percutaneous transhepatic biliar-y dilation and drainage. The recipients didn't die of biliary complications. Conclusion It is necessary to decrease the biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation, to be satisfactory blood supply and anastomotic technigue and select appropriato biliary reconstruction.

Objective To investigate mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2) in bone loss in a postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) rat mode with ovarietomy (OVX).Methods Forty female Sprague Dawley adult rats at age of 3 months were randomly divided into 4 groups,10 in each group,including shamoperated (sham) group,OVX group,OVX treated with nilesteriol (OVX + E) group and OVX treated with aspirin ( OVX + P) group.All rats in OVX,OVX + E and OVX + P groups underwent ovarietomy under abdominal anesthesia with 10％ chloral hydrate.Rats in sham group were only taken with fat tissue with same weight under bilateral ovary.After surgery,penicillin was administered to prevent infection.At day 7 after surgery,agents were given by intragastric administration for 12 weeks.Nilestriol at 1.0 mg/kg was used in OVX + E group once a week,aspirin at 45 mg · kg - 1 · d- 1 was used in OVX + P group once a day.Saline with same volume was used in rats in sham and OVX groups.All agents were administered one time per day.Dose of agents were adjusted by weight per week.At end of study,bone mineral density (BMD) of right femurs and lumbar vertebrae 3 -5 (L3-5) were measured.Morphology of bone was detected by hematoxylineosin,and expression of COX-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry staining.Results ( 1 ) BMD:BMD of right femur and L3-5 was (0.209 ±0.010) g/cm2 and (0.230 ±0.012) g/cm2 in sham group and (0.181 ±0.008) g/cm2 and (0.201 ± 0.016) g/cm2 in OVX group,which reached statistical difference (P＜0.01).BMD of right femur and L3-5 was (0.203 ±0.009) g/cm2 and (0.224 ±0.028) g/cm2 in OVX + E group and (0.200 ± 0.011 ) g/cm2 and (0.204 ± 0.003 ) g/cm2 in OVX + P group,which were all higher than those in OVX group (P ＜0.01,P ＜0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in BMD between OVX + E and OVX + P group ( P ＞ 0.05).(2) Morphology of bone:bone trabeculae became fewer and degenerated in OVX group.However,bone trabeculae were regular and dense in OVX + P group and OVX + E group,which were similar to those in sham group.(3) Expression of COX-2:cells with COX-2 positive and expression of COX-2 around bone trabeculae in OVX group were more than those in sham,OVX + E and OVX + P group.Conclusion COX-2 plays an important role in PMOP.Aspirin could prevent bone loss by decreasing COX-2 expression in OVX rats.

Objective To optimize supercritical extraction technique from four medicinal materials, which are the part components in the recipe of Keganliyan Oral Liquor and are extracted traditionally for essential oils. Methods Extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity were taken as evaluated indexes. Supercritical extraction technique was researched with orthogonal tests, gas chromatography, and SAS statistic. Results Within the test levels, temperature and time showed evident effect on extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity, while pressure did not show any evident effect on them、 The preferable technique to extraction ratio is temperature at 55 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 27 MPa; and the preferable technique to menthol extraction quantity is temperature at 45 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 22 MPa. Conclusion The optimized supercritical extraction technique for Keganliyan Oral Liquor is feasible.

Objective To explore the feasibility of in-flow inversion recovery (IFIR)sequence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)at 1.5T in diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods A total of 45 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome diagnosed by surgery or interventional surgery in our institution were enrolled.The prerequisite of the study was that all medical imaging data including MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA)should be integrated.Then,the diagnostic accuracy rates between IFIR sequence and DSA were analyzed and compared.Results Of all 45 patients with BCS,40 (88.9%)were diagnosed accurately by IF-IR sequence,including typeⅠa in 10,typeⅠb in 14,typeⅡ in 10 and type Ⅲ in 6.Meanwhile,41 (91.1%)were diagnosed accu-rately by DSA,including typeⅠa in 8,typeⅠb in 14,typeⅡ in 13 and type Ⅲ in 6.No significant difference was showed in diag-nostic accuracy between two imaging methods (P >0.05).Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of IFIR sequence was highly consistent with that of DSA(r =0.853,P <0.001 ).However,there existed significant difference be-tween two methods in accurate diagnosis of typeⅠa and typeⅡ BCS (P <0.05).Conclusion MRI IFIR sequence at 1.5T is highly consistent with DSA in diagnosis and classification of BCS,which can be used as a reliable method of preoperative screening for BCS diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of sorafenib combined with dendritic cells and cytokine induced killer (DC-CIK) cells on the growth,invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods CIK cells and dendritic cells from healthy adults were cultured in vitro.Mice models with H22 hepatic cancer were established,and randomly divided into the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and the sorafenib + DC-CIK group according to the random number table.There were 40 rats in each group.All the mice received intragastric gavage with sorafenib of 100 μg/g once a day.DC-CIK cells were intraperitoneally injected into the mice every 3 days with 1 × 107 cells each time.Twenty mice bearing tumors in each group were sacrificed after treatment for 3 weeks,and the peripheral venous blood and hepatic tumor tissues were harvested.The levels of alphafetoprotein (AFP) were detected by ELISA,and the necrotic degree of tumor tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The protein expressions of Ki-67 and CD34 in the tumor tissues were determined by immunohistochemical method.The survival time of the other 20 mice bearing the tumor in each group were detected.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance or LSD test.Results CIK cells and dendritic cells were successfully cultured.The levels of AFP in the peripheral venous blood of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were (0.675 ± 0.177) rg/L,(0.379 ± 0.052) ng/L,(0.415 ± 0.028) ng/L,(0.288 ± 0.012) ng/L,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =0.415,P ＜ 0.05).The numbers of intrahepatic and peritoneal metastasis of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were 21.2 ± 1.3 and 29.7 ± 7.6,16.4 ± 1.6 and 17.4 ± 1.8,20.2 ± 1.7 and 26.4 ± 1.7,15.2 ± 1.3 and 15.2 ± 1.3,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =2.137,3.271,P ＜0.05).The tumor inhibition rate of the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib + DC-CIK group were 0,21％ ± 3％,9％ ± 3％ and 24％ ± 5％,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =3.715,P ＜0.05).The survival time of mice in the normal saline group,sorafenib group,DC-CIK group and sorafenib ± DC-CIK group were (18.2 ± 2.5) days,(21.6 ± 2.1) days,(24.3 ± 2.8) days and (25.4 ± 1.4) days,with significant difference between the 4 groups (F =6.247,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Sorafenib combined with immunotherapy can significantly increase the therapeutic effects of molecular targeted drug on hepatocellular carcinoma.