To review the research of block copolymer micelles as delivery system for poorly soluble(antineoplastic) carrier over the last 10 years,including the composition,preparation methods and factors which influence the loading efficiency,physicochemical properties,and targeting characteristics of block copolymer micelles.Block copolymer micelles are self-assembled structures formed from amphiphilic block copolymers by dispersing in aqueous media.The hydrophilic blocks of the copolymer form the outer shell of the micelle,while the hydrophobic blocks form the inner core,and the proper coreshell micellar architecture was constituted.Block copolymer micelles have a whole set of unique properties,such as small sizes,narrow particle size distribution,high drug loading capacities,and available disposition characteristics in the body.Block copolymer micelles have been found as promising drug carriers due to making poorly soluble antineoplastic lysis,toxicities and side effects decrease,bioavailability increase,and targeting the drugs to specific sites in a passive way or attaching ligands in an active way,which can be specifically(recognized) by receptors onto the surface of copolymers.

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the role of PTEN in the suppression of neural stem cells so as to clarify whether neural stem cell proliferation can be promoted by regulating the PI3K-Akt/PTEN expression level. Methods We removed the hippocampus from neonatal 24 h Kunming mice,isolated and cultured the generation of neural stem cells,which were then identified by immunofluorescence test.We randomly grouped the cultured neural stem cells into normal group,ischemia model group,hypoxia group (hypoxia + ischemia model group),Lip2000 group (hypoxia+ ischemia model group + Lip2000 null transfection group,PTEN transfection group (hypoxia +ischemia model group+Ad5-PTEN transfection group),and PTEN interference group (hypoxia+ ischemia model group+Lip2000+PTENsiRNA interference group).We detected the proliferation of neural stem cells in the groups at different time points,and PTEN protein expression of neural stem cells in each group after PTEN transfection,
and the effect on iconic protein on Akt-PI3K signaling pathway.Results (1 )Nestin identification of the neural stem cells was tested by immunofluorescence.We observed green bright and typical cell spheroids under fluorescence microscope;the clear structure could be seen within spheroids.(2)We determined the proliferation of neural stem cells at different time points by MTT.After 36 h of culture,the neural stem cells had obvious proliferation in the hypoxia group and Lip2000 group compared with the model group, the PTEN transfection group and PTEN interference group (P <0.05),including the cell proliferation of PTEN interference group compared to that of the model group,and PTEN transfection group obviously,the differences were also significant (P < 0.05 );(3 ) Compared with the cells in the normal group,PTEN expression increased in the model group and PTEN gene transfection group (P <0.05);it was all lower in other groups than in the normal group (P <0.05).The trend of decrease was similar in hypoxia group,Lip2000 group,and PTEN interference group (P >0.05);(4)After PTEN plasmid transfection,there were no apparent changes in the total Akt and bad in the groups,but compared with the normal group,PI3K,p-Akt,and p-bad expressions in model group and PTEN gene transfection group reduced (P <0.05),with the more obvious changes in the PTEN transfection group.PI3K,p-Akt,and p-bad expressions in the hypoxia group, Lip2000 group and PTEN interference group increased (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Hypoxia contributes to promoting the proliferation of neural stem cells,and the inhibition of PTEN on PI3K/Akt might be the key factor for blocked proliferation of adult neural stem cells.

Objective To evaluate the clinical,microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSIs).Methods Microbiological and clinical data were retrospectively collected and reviewed for the adult patients with enterococcal BSI who were treated in Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 1,2011 to November 30,2013. Results Of the 92 cases of enterococcal BSIs,21 were due to E.faecalis and 71 were caused by E.faecium,respectively.The BSI was hospital acquired in 67 cases.The other were community acquired BSI.E.faecalis BSIs were complicated with uremia (42.9%),heart disease (23.8%),pulmonary infection (19.0%)and central neurological disorder (19.0%),while E. faecium BSIs were complicated with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases (40.8%),neoplastic disease(40.8%)and pulmonary infection (40.8%).Risk factors for E.faecium acquisition were mainly central venous catheter (73.2%),recent surgey within 30 days (62.0%),elderly patients (52.1%),ICU admission (32.4%)and invasive mechanical ventilation (26.8%).Strains of E.faecalis were 100% susceptible to ampicillin and vancomycin,90.4% to linezolid.Strains of E.faecium were 100%susceptible to linezolid,96.9% to vancomycin, and approximately 90% resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. Logistic with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases had lower mortality rate than other patients.Conclusions E .faecium is responsible for majority of the enterococcal BSIs.E .faecium strains have higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested than E . fecalis .Elderly patients,ICU admission,invasive mechanical ventilation and neoplastic diseases are the independent risk factors of 15-day mortality.Adequate antimicrobial therapy within 48 hours can decrease the mortality rate effectively.

Objective The relationship was analyzed between clinic and the expression intensity of HBsAg and HBcAg with in the hepatic tissue from the serum HBeAg negative group and the positive group.Methods A total of 317 liver biopsy specimens were divided into the HBeAg negative group and the positive group,and the relationship was analyzed between the expression inten sity of HBsAg and HBcAg within the hepatic tissue and their age,gender,ALT level,serum HBV-DNA load,hepatic inflammatory activity grading and fibrosis staging in the two groups.Results Age,ALT level,hepatic inflammatory activity grading and fibrosis of the serum HBeAg negative patients were greater than those of the serum HBeAg positive patients,while their serum HBV-DNA load and the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue were lower than those of the serum HBeAg positive patients (P＜0.05).The expression intensity of HBsAg within the hepatic tissue between the serum HBeAg patients and the serum HBeAg positive patients was not significantly different,and it was not correlated with age,ALT level,hepatic inflammatory grading and fi brosis staging (P＞0.05).After the serum HBeAg turned negative,the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue was decreased (P=0.00,t=12 349.0),and it became positively correlated with the serum HBV DNA load(P=0.007,r=0.251) and its negative correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity and fibrosis was weakened.Conclusion After the serum HBeAg turned negative,other antigenic components of HBV may still maintain the adequately active immune status within the hepatic tis sue of organisms.After the serum HBeAg turned negative,the expression intensity of HBcAg within the hepatic tissue was de creased and became positively correlated with the serum HBV DNA,while its negative correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity grade and fibrosis stagings was weakened.

Objective To study the expressions of apoptotic protease activating factor-1(Apaf-1)and astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1)in colonic carcinoma,and to explore their correlations with the clinical path-ological features. Methods The expressions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 were detected in 63 colonic carcinoma sam-ples and 30 normal colonic mucosa adjacent to tumor nest by immunohistochemical method,and their correla-tions with clinical features of colonic carcinoma were analyzed. Results The positive expressions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 in colonic carcinoma were 23. 81%(15 / 63)and 68. 25%(43 / 63),respectively. The positive expre-ssions of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 in normal colonic mucosa were 76. 67%(23 / 30)and 26. 67%(8 / 30),respec-tively. The positive expression rate of AEG-1 was significantly higher in colonic carcinoma than that in normal tissue(χ2 = 14. 192,P = 0. 000). However,the expression of Apaf-1 was signi-ficantly lower in colonic carci-noma than that in normal tissue(χ2 = 23. 497,P = 0. 000). The expression of Apaf-1 was negatively correlated to the expression of AEG-1(r = - 0. 339,P = 0. 007). The expressions of AEG-1 and Apaf-1 were associated with differentiation degree(χ2 = 4. 643,P = 0. 031;χ2 = 12. 034,P = 0. 001)and clinical stage(χ2 = 6. 628, P = 0. 010;χ2 = 8. 246,P = 0. 004),but they were not correlated with age(χ2 = 1. 462,P = 0. 227;χ2 =2. 401,P = 0. 121)and tumor size(χ2 = 0. 333,P = 0. 564;χ2 = 0. 590,P = 0. 442). Conclusion The expression of AEG-1 is up-regulated in colonic carcinoma,but the expression of Apaf-1 is down-regulated,with a significant negative correlation. Apaf-1 and AEG-1 may be closely related to the occurrence and development of colon carcinoma. Therefore,combination detection of Apaf-1 and AEG-1 may be more valuable for the prog-nosis evaluation of colonic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo analyze heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of two genotypes: beta-AS (A-T) genotype which is related to high content of glycyrrhizic acid and beta-AS(G-C) genotype which is related to low content of glycyrrhizic acid, and compare two different genotypes on the impact of beta-amyrin production in order to provide a foundation for licorice molecular breeding.

METHODThe 2 289 bp fragment in plasmid pMD-19T encoding beta-amyrin synthase was subcloned into the yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector pY26, thus an expression recombinant plasmid PY-beta-AS containing target gene was constructed. The PY-beta-AS was introduced into defective mutant INVSc1 of S. cerevisiae by LiAc method, after induced by IPTG, the content of beta-amyrin was determined by GC-MS.

RESULTGC-MS analysis demonstrates that the an occurring peak corresponding to beta-amyrin standards was detected with the same retention time, which is absent in the cell transform with empty vector. Results showed the peak was beta-amyrin and the percentage of beta-amyrin in two genotypes: beta-AS (A-T) genotype and beta-AS (G-C) genotype were 19.08% and 1.40%, respectively. Thus the beta-amyrin synthase exhibited the activity of catalyzing 2, 3-oxidosqualene to beta-amyrin.

CONCLUSIONThe catalytic efficiency of beta-AS(A-T) genotype is higher than that of beta-AS(G-C) genotype, which can lay the foundation for licorice molecular breeding.

Catalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genotype ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; Intramolecular Transferases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recombinant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) property theory is believed to be a key and difficult point of basic theory studies of TCM. Complex concepts, components and characteristics of TCM property have long puzzled researchers and urged them to develop new angles and approaches. In the view of cognitive science, TCM property theory is a cognitive process of storing, extracting, rebuilding and summarizing the sensory information about TCMs and their effects during the medical practice struggling against diseases under the guidance of traditional Chinese philosophical thinking. The cognitive process of TCM property has particular cognitive elements and strategies. Taking into account clinical application characteristics of TCMs, this study defines the particular cognitive elements. In the combination of research methods of modern chemistry, biology and mathematics, and on the basis early-stage work for five years, we have built a TCM property cognition model based on three elements and practiced with drugs with pungent and hot properties as example, in the hope of interpreting TCM properties with modern science and providing thoughts for the nature of medical properties and instruction for rational clinical prescription.
Animals ; Cognition ; Drug Therapy ; psychology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; psychology ; Models, Theoretical

course of Internal Medicine and Surgery Nursing. Methods From September 2014 to July 2016, the Grade 2013 nursing students at the Sino American cooperative nursing class in the Nursing College of Wenzhou Medical University were selected as the experimental group by convenient sampling method, with a total of 59 people. The Grade 2012 nursing students in the Sino American cooperative nursing class were selected as the control group, with a total of 60 people. The nursing students in the control group received traditional teaching methods and the nursing students in the experimental group received the self participating teaching method. We compared students' self-learning ability, theoretical knowledge and comprehensive practical ability between the two groups. Results The total score of self-learning ability and the scores of all dimensions of experimental group were higher than those in the control group after class, and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The scores of theoretical knowledge and comprehensive practice ability of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusions Self participation teaching method is a teaching method that helps teachers play a leading role in giving play to students' main body status. It helps to promote the development of nursing students' independent learning ability, and improve their theoretical level and nursing practice ability.

The update of multi-omics technology is a key means to promote the rapid development of accurate health model in the whole life cycle.It can formulate dynamic and accurate nursing measures and provide massive data information from the perspective of nursing biology of health and disease.At present,clinical nursing research faces many challenges such as insufficient application and transformation ability of multi-omics technology.This paper introduces the multi-omics technology,reviews the application status of multi-omics technology in cancer nursing,maternal and child nursing,chronic metabolic disease nursing and symptom management,and puts forward the cross integration and prospect of multi-omics technology and nursing research,so as to strengthen the information mining ability of nurses at different levels of health and disease,and provide an important basis for accelerating the clinical transformation of precision nursing.

OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Inula helenium ethyl acetate extract(IHE)on prolif-eration of human pancreatic cancer Capan-2 cells. METHODS:MTT was used to determine the cell proliferation inhibition rate af-ter treated by 0,0.5,1,2,4,8 μg/mL IHE;clone formation test was used to observe the effects of 0,1,2 μg/mL IHE treating for 1 week on cell clone formation;Hoechest 33342 staining was used to observe the changes of nuclear morphology after treated by 0,2,4 μg/mL IHE for 48 h;flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate after treated by 0,4,8,16 μg/mL IHE for 48 h;JC-1 staining was used to observe the changes of intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential after treated by 0,4,8, 16 μg/mL IHE for 24 h;Western blot was used to detect the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2,Bax, Mcl-1,p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA),and polymerase (PARP) after treated by 0,4,8,16 μg/mL IHE for 48 h. RESULTS:2,4,8 μg/mL IHE had obvious inhibitory effect on cell proliferation,showing concentration-dependent relation-ship,with IC50 of 6.6 μg/mL;1,2 μg/mL IHE can obviously inhibit the clone formation of cells;4 μg/mL IHE can obviously cause cell nuclear condensation;8,16 μg/mL IHE can obviously promote the cell apoptosis,and the cell apoptosis rate reached 45.53% after treated by 16 μg/mL IHE for 48 h;16 μg/mL IHE treating for 24 h can cause the decrease of 82.47% cells'mito-chondrial membrane potential;8 μg/mL IHE can obviously down-regulate the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Mcl-1,PUMA and PARP,and 16 μg/mL IHE can obviously down-regulate the expressions of Mcl-1 and PUMA. CONCLUSIONS:IHE may show its inhibitory effect on proliferation of human pancreatic cancer Capan-2 cells by causing the decrease of mitochondrial mem-brane potential in cells and down-regulating the protein expres-sions of Mcl-1 and PUMA to cause cell apoptosis.