Left atrial appendage ( LAA) arises from the left atrial free wall. It is the remnant of the original embryonic LA, distinct from the rest of the left atrium. It has a unique anatomical structure, physiological function, hemodynamic characteristics. LAA has complex surrounding structures, great variability, and close relation with thrombosis. This paper reviews the morphological and functional characteristics of LAA. Familiar with adjacent relationship of LAA and correlation between LAA and thrombus formation has important clinical significance that can reduce the risk of postoperative complications in interventional procedures, the incidence of car?dioembolic stroke, the clinical misdiagnosis on LAA thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum myocardial enzyme in schizophrenia patients spectrum and its clinical significance.Methods 405 patients with schizophrenia hospitalized patients serum myocar-dial enzyme (CK,CK-MB,LDH,α-HBDH level,) on admission and 4 weeks after treatment the serum myocardial enzyme level,analyze its relationship with the disease, and 100 healthy people ( control group) were compared. Results the positive symptoms of schizophrenia patients before treatment,serum CK,CK-MB,LDH,α-HBDH were (1 286.52 ±714.38) U/L,(40.72 ±27.38) U/L,(143.06 ±33.24) U/L,(115.75 ±22.74) U/L,CK,CK-MB were higher than those in the control group (t=10.35,9.29,all P<0.01);after 4 weeks of treatment,CK,CK-MB, LDH,α-HBDH were (98.13 ±38.75)U/L,(12.87 ±5.73)U/L,(125.43 ±25.74)U/L,(102.15 ±26.86)U/L, compared with the control group,the differences were not statistically significant(all P>0.05).Conclusion Serum myocardial enzyme CK and CK-MB increased level was related with diseasein the patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.

Objective To study the clinical and neuroimaging features of top of the basilar artery syndrome(TOBS).Methods The clinical and neuroimaging features of 63 cases with TOBS were analyzed retrospectively.Results Main causes of TOBS were atherosclerosis and embolisms.Vertigo and disturbance of consciousness and movement of the eye-ball,abnormality of pupils,partial blindness were the main clinical features.The most important imageologic feature of TOBS was infarction of thalami or midbrain,which was frequently complicating with infarction in other locations.Conclusion TOBS has simultaneously more than two infarction lesions,either superior or inferior tentorium of cerebellum with many complications and poor prognosis.MRI is more sensitive than CT.Early MRI examination,systemic and comprehansive treatment may improve the prognosis of the TOBS patients.

Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of edaravone in treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI)by reviewing Chinese medical literature and to evaluate safety of edaravone treatment in ACI.Methods Publications from Pubmed and Chinese Biomedical Literature Datababe(CBMdisc)were reviewed and the ADR of edaravone was analyzed among the published 8645 cases.Literatures about randomed-control clinical trails(RCTs)on security of edaravone for treating ACI Was analyzed by meta-analysis.Results Abnormal hepatic function,especially mild elevation of aminotransferase,renal dysfunction and skin rash induced by edaravone were tIle most common ADRs.Among 8645 patients,ADRs were reported in 283(3.27 % ).The meta-analysis in RCTs showed that between the group treated with a combination of edaravone and routine and the group treated with routine treatment only,there was no significant difference in the occurrence rate of ADRs(OR=1.18,95 % CI0.70-2.00,P=0.536),elevation of aminotransferase(OR=1.23,95 % CI 0.57-2.68,P=0.595)or renal dysfunction including albuminutia,increased level of serum ereatinine and nitrogen(OR=1.65.95 % CI0.57- 4.79.P=0.353).Conclusion Edaravone has a low ADRs OCCurrence rate and iS safely used in cerebral infarction treatment.

The student majoring in Medical Biological Technique will be mainly engaged in the practical work of biological technique industry after graduation in the future.In order to bind the theories on the practical biological techniques in designs of contents and roundly improve students' practical ability in classes as well as enriching the communication among students,our college offers an immunologic techniques experiment classes with 36 hours per semester,which has also undergone a reasonable project teaching innovation. This proved to result in a satisfactory outcome in improving the students' practical a

0.05 ). CONCLUSION: The qualities of Flos lonicerae from the four different areas were almost the same as that of the control. This method can be used to judge the appraisal of the Flos lonicerae and to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit Flos lonicerae.

Objective To explore the imaing features of hemangioma in the long bone and improve the diagnostic level of this disease. Methods The X-ray(14 cases), CT(9 cases) and MRI(6 cases)findings of 18 patientswith histologically proven hemangioma in the long bone after surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Results Ten tumors occurred in medullary cavity or bone end(medullary type),6 on the surface of bone (periosteal type) and 3 in cortex (intracortical type). X-ray findings: among 8 cases of medullary type, 3 showed honeycomb appearance, 3 lytic areas with sclerotic borders, one purely osteolyticchanges, and 1 frosted glass; 3 cases of periosteal type showed sclerosis and thickening of the underlying cortex; 3 cases of intracortical type showed well-defined osteolytic foci. CT findings: among 6 cases of medullary type, 5 appeared as expansile lytic lesion with uneven selerotic rim (3 cases)orhoneycomb appearance (2 cases), 1 cribriform appearance in the cortical bone, 2 periostealnew bone formation in vertical radiation pattern; 1 ground-glass appearance; among 2 cases of periosteal typeone showed regular cortical thickening, and the other irregular periosteal proliferation with marrowing of medullarycavity; 1 case of intracorticaltype showed density similar to that of soft tissue, with cortical thickening and expansion . MRI findings: 2 apeared as well-defined lesions with low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI; 1 appeared as ill-defined lesion with low to intermediate signal intensity on T1 WI and T2 WI. One showed breakthrogh of cortex and formation of soft tissue mass with low signal intensity on T1 WI and high signal on T2WI. Two showed thickening of periosteumwith intermediate signal intensity in one of them and very low signal intensity in the other. Two showed abnormal signal intensity in surrounding muscles, which was high on T2 WI and intermediate on T1 WI. Conclusions The soap-bubble or honeycomb appearance is the typical radiographic finding of hemangioma in long bone. CT and MRI can provide useful information for the diagnosis of hemangioma in long bone.

Objective To establish a method for quality control of xinshuaining mixture. Methods The herbal contents including red ginseng,milk veteh,root of red rooted salvia were identified by thin layer chromatography ( TLC) and the content of ginsenoside Rb1 in xinshuaining mixture was determined by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) . Results The herbs can be overtly identified by TLC. Ginsenoside Rb1 had a linear relationship in the range of 1. 095-5. 475μg, and the average recovery was 97. 3%(RSD 1. 98%). Conclusion The method is simple and rapid,and can be used for the quality control of xinshuaining mixture.

BACKGROUND: The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) compiled by the Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, has been verified to have good reliability and validity in the assessment of foreign community adults and patients with affective disorder,but the application of CECA.Q in China still needs verification of reliability and validity in various population.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reliability and validity of CECA.Q in community population.DESIGN: The subjects were randomized selected; the principle for the analysis of scale reliability and validity was followed.SETTING: Mental Health Institute of Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: From September 2003 to February 2004, 608 adults were selected from two communities of Hunan Changsha city and Henan Xinxiang city as the common community population group, totally 608scales of CECA.Q were sent out, 8 invalid ones were excluded, and finally 600 subjects finished the investigation. Sixty adult inpatients with depressive disease were randomly selected from Henan Provincial Psychiatric Hospital as the depression group.METHODS: The common community population and patients with depressive disease were investigated with CECA.Q, which was a self-rating scale mainly to retrospectively survey whether the adults had suffered from physical, sexual or mental abuse in their childhood, and the mental abuse had two factors of antipathy and neglect, and each included 8 items. The answers for the items were quantified into 5 grades. The subjects evaluated whether their parents had given any abuse to them; the higher the score was, the greater the mental abuse they suffered. Of the community population, 40 cases were the positive samples with the history of physical and sexual abuse in childhood evaluated by CECA.Q, and they were then assessed with Bifulco provided childhood experience of care and abuse (CECA) together with 40 cases randomly selected from 560 samples with negative evaluation. A total of 100 cases in the community population were also evaluated with Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), besides, 30 cases were retested with CECA.Q at 2 weeks after the first evaluation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, contents and criterion validity of CECA.Q were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the community population, 8 invalid questionnaires were excluded, and the other 600 cases entered the statistical analysis. ① Testretest reliability of CECA.Q: The Cronbach α coefficient for the mental abuse section was 0.87 (0.85 for maternal one, 0.83 for paternal one); including that of antipathy factor was 0.84 (0.80 for maternal one, 0.81 for paternal one), and that of neglect factor was 0.85 (0.84 for maternal one,.83 for paternal one. The test-retest reliability coefficient for mental abuse as 0.83 (0.81 for maternal one, 082 for paternal one), including that of antipathy was 0.81 (0.82 for maternal one, 0.70 for paternal one), and that f neglect was 0.79 (0.78 for maternal one, 0.75 for paternal one). The twice evaluations of physical and sexual abuse had good consistency (Kappa=0.78). ② Criterion validity of CECA.Q: The correlation coefficients of mental abuse, antipathy and neglect factors in CECA.Q with Zung SDS were 0.58, 0.55 and 0.60 respectively (P＜0.01). CECA.Q and CECA had good consistency in evaluating history of physical and sexual abuse, and the score of mental abuse in the depressive patients was higher than that in community population (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: The CECA.Q shows acceptable reliability and validity in community population, and can be used as a self-rating measure for childhood abuse experience in China.

Objective To explore clinical effect of repairing soft tissue defect in forearm, hand and foot with free super-thin anterolateral thigh perforator flaps. Methods At first the site of perforator vessels were determined by Doppler, then the flaps were designed and harvested with the site as center; the fascia lata and subcutaneous fat were removed by sandhill-likely only the 4.0 cm × 3.0 cm - 3.0 cm×2.5 cm disc-like fascia lata and dermis layer were reserved. 15 traumatic soft tissue defects including forearm, hand and foot were repaired with the ree super-thin antemlateral thigh perforator flaps. Results No vascular crisis happened and all skin grafts survived in donor sites. 2.0 cm×1.2 cm of the distal of flap was necrosis in 1 case and it was healed by dress changing. 15 cases were followed up 3 months-2 years and the average is 6 months. The contour and texture of all flaps were good and two point discrimination (2-PD) was about 8-10 mm of. Conclusions The contour and texture of free super-thin anterolateral thigh perforator flap are good, the feeling of recipient site recovered well, it's less injury for donor site and there is no reshaping for flap. It is a fineness donor site for repairing soft tissue defects in hand and foot.