[Summary] Good glycemic control can delay the occurrence and development of diabetic complications. Artificial pancreas, which autonomously mimics the physiologic glucose control of pancreas islet, regulates the blood glucose subtly. Artificial pancreas seems to be one of the promising glucose control approaches.

Intensive blood pressure control reduces macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetic patients.A goal blood pressure of

The enrollment of foreign medical students has expanded year after year.The education of foreign students becomes an important part of college education.In order to explore an effective method of medical education,the difference between Chinese students and foreign ones has been analyzed and the experience has been concluded according to the practice in teaching clinical diagnostics in recent years.

Objective To discuss the expression and the related factors of E-selectin in insulin-resistant(IR)rat endothelium. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: high fat feed,high fructose feed and the control feed(HF group,HG group and NC group). IR rat model was established by high fat feeding or high fructose feeding for 4 weeks and was evaluated with euglycemic clamp technique. E-selectin protein expression was detected by Western-blot analysis. Results The expression of E-selectin protein in vessel endothelium was increased in HF group and HG group compared with that in NC group (P<0.01), and higher in HF group than in HG group (P<0.05). E-selectin protein expression was correlated significantly with TG, FFA, FIns and HOMA-IR in HF group and HG group (P<0.05). Conclusions IR may cause the increased expression of E-selectin in endothelium of rats fed with high fat or fructose.

0.05).(3)The EIDD in group C was significan improved after intervention[(15.79?3.63)% vs(18.12?4.70)%,P0.05).Conclusion The EDD is improved by blood glucose,pressure and lipid control.While the EIDD was not improved.There was no conspiracy effect on the EDD when blood glucose,pressure and lipid control is combined with vitamine E or compound Dansen dripping pill.But the EIDD is improved after intervention with vitamine E.

Cystatin C is widely present in nucleated cells of various tissues and body fluids as a cysteine protease inhibitor.It can predict the occurrence of diabetes,and it was significantly associated with diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications such as albuminuria,retinopathy,peripheral arterial disease,and coronary artery disease.This review introduces the research progress of cystatin C in diabetes and diabetic vascular complications.

Macrovascular complications are the main death or disabling causes of diabetic patients.In recent years,the results of a number of clinical trials aimed at preventing diabetic macrovascular complications have been unveiled.Comprehensive and systemic analysis of these results may give great enlightenment to the clinicans,as well as promote the work in preventing diabetic macroangiopathy in China.

Objective To analyze the pattern of normal bone marrow on whole body diffusionweighted imaging (WB-DWI) and its influence factors.MethodsA total of 98 healthy volunteers (male 47 and female 51). All volunteers underwent WB-DWI at 1.5 T MR scan. The ADC value,the signal intensity on DWI obtained with a b value of 800 s/mm2 ( SIDWI ),and the signal intensity on short time inversion recovery images ( SISTIR ) of thoracic vertebrae,lumber vertebrae,bilateral head of femur,bilateral neck of femur,bilateral superior segment of femur,bilateral inferior segment of femur,bilateral ilium,bilateral head of humerus,bilateral scapula were measured and compared with ANOVA test and StudentNewmar-Keuls test.The normal appearance of bone marrow on WB-DW[ was assessed. The relationship between the SIDwI and the ADC,and the SIDWI and the SISTIR of bone marrow were analyzed.The ADC of bone marrow between male and femaIe were compared. Spearman correlation analysis was performed for different age groups.Results( 1 ) Bone marrow signal intensity was different among 98 healthy volunteers.Bone marrow in 69 healthy volunteers (female 24,male 45 ) showed low to intermediate signal intensity,whereas in the remaining 29 healthy volunteers (female 27,male 2) showed high signal intensity.(2) The SIDWI of thoracic vertebrae ( median 44.54),lumber vertebrae ( median 35.01 ),head of femur ( median 13.61 ),neck of femur ( median 16.00),superior segment of femur ( median 21.45 ),ilium ( median 25.77),head of humerus (median 18.35),scapula (median 36.12) was positively correlated with the ADC [ (0.55 ±0.08) × l0-3,(0.53 ±0.08) × 10-3,(0.30 ± 0.10) × 10-3,(0.42 ± 0.16) × 10-3,(0.74±0.14) ×l0- 3,(0.49±0.10) ×10-3,(0.36±0.13) ×10-3,(0.49±0.11) × 10-3mm2/s]and the SISTIR ( median 61.81,64.99,53.27,69.08,73.10,66.35,73.16,79.81 ),r =0.513 and 0.695,0.741 and 0.764,0.443 and 0.489,0.641 and 0.656,0.510 and 0.648,0.475 and 0.715,0.366 and 0.446,0.437 and 0.739 ;P ＜ 0.01. (3) There was significant difference of the ADC of bone marrow in different bone,F =138.69,P ＜ 0.01. Student-Newman-Keuls test revealed that no significant difference was found in the ADC between thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae,ilium and scapula,head of humerus and inferior segment of femur ( P ＞ 0.05 ),and significant difference was found in the ADC values between the remaining two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The bones associated with decreasing ADC values were superior segment of femur,thoracic vertebrae and lumber vertebrae,ilium and scapula,neck of femur,head of humerus,head of femur and inferior segment of femur. ( 4 ) The ADC values of bone marrow of female subjects in thoracic vertebrae [ (0.59 ±0.07) × 10-3 mm2/s],lumber vertebrae [ (0.58 ±0.06) × 10 -3 mm2/s],head of femur ( median 0.33 × 10 -3 mm2/s),neck of femur ( median 0.53 × 10 -3 mm2/s),superior segment of femur ( median 0.81 × 10-3 mm2/s),inferior segment of femur ( median 0.32 ×10-3 mm2/s),ilium [ (0.52 ± 0.09 ) × 10-3 mm2/s ],head of humerus (median 0.42 × 10-3 mm2/s),scapula [ (0.53 ± 0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s] were significantly higher than those of male subjects [ (0.51 ±0.07) × 10-3,(0.48 ±0.07) × 10-3,median 0.23 × 10-3,median 0.31 × 10-3,median 0.66 × 10-3,median 0.23 × 10-3,(0.46 ±0.10) × 10-3,median 0.27 × 10-3,(0.45 ±0.11 ) × 10 3mm2/s].(5)There was significant negative correlation between the ADC values of bone marrow and age in thoracic vertebrae,lumber vertebrae,head of femur,neck of femur,superior segment of femur,ilium,head of humerus for female subjects,r =-0.549, -0.629, -0.329, -0.524, -0.338, -0.548 and -0.416,respectively,P ＜ 0.05.There was no significant correlation between ADC values and age in inferior segment of femur and scapula for female subjects and all the regions for male subjects ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The ADC and the SIsTIR of bone marrow correlates with the SIDW1.The ADC values of bone marrow is affected by age and sex,and is different for different bones.

Serum p-amyloid peptide(Aβ)40 and Ap42 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)and atherosclerosis(AS)were detected by ELISA.The results showed that serum Ap40 level in T2DM group was significantly higher than that in the control group[(274.70±159.51 vs 162.63±87.58)pg/ml,P<0.05],especially in the diabetic patients accompanied with AS[(616.95±195.13)pg/m],P<0.01].Serum Ap40 level in simple AS group was also higher than that in control group[(318.52± 188.65)pg/ml,P<0.05].These results suggest that Ap40 is a risk factor of T2DM complicated with AS.However,there was no difference in serum Ap42 levels among various groups.

Objective To study the impairment and the expression of receptor of advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells ( GMC ) induced by constant and intermittent high glucose, and to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Methods After being cultured under constant and intermittent high glucose with different concentrations for 24 and 48 hours, the morphological changes of rat mesangial cells were observed, the proliferation of GMC was detected by MTT assay, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA)in supernatant were measured by spectrophotometer,and the expressions of RAGE mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results ( 1 ) Compared with the control group,the cellular morphology was changed in case of constant and intermittent high glucose. The damage of GMC with intermittent high glucose concentrations was more serious. (2)The activity of SOD was decreased and the level of MDA was raised in case of intermittent high glucose concentrations compared with the constant high glucose concentrations (P＜0.05). (3)The expression of RAGE mRNA with intermittent high glucose concentrations was significantly higher than that with constant high glucose concentrations ( P＜0. 01 ). Conclusions The damaging effects and increased expression of RAGE in cultured rat GMC induced by blood glucose fluctuation was much worse than that with constant high glucose. The blood glucose fluctuation may be one of the causes that induce diabetic nephropathy.