[Summary] Good glycemic control can delay the occurrence and development of diabetic complications. Artificial pancreas, which autonomously mimics the physiologic glucose control of pancreas islet, regulates the blood glucose subtly. Artificial pancreas seems to be one of the promising glucose control approaches.

Intensive blood pressure control reduces macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetic patients.A goal blood pressure of

The enrollment of foreign medical students has expanded year after year.The education of foreign students becomes an important part of college education.In order to explore an effective method of medical education,the difference between Chinese students and foreign ones has been analyzed and the experience has been concluded according to the practice in teaching clinical diagnostics in recent years.

Objective To discuss the expression and the related factors of E-selectin in insulin-resistant(IR)rat endothelium. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: high fat feed,high fructose feed and the control feed(HF group,HG group and NC group). IR rat model was established by high fat feeding or high fructose feeding for 4 weeks and was evaluated with euglycemic clamp technique. E-selectin protein expression was detected by Western-blot analysis. Results The expression of E-selectin protein in vessel endothelium was increased in HF group and HG group compared with that in NC group (P<0.01), and higher in HF group than in HG group (P<0.05). E-selectin protein expression was correlated significantly with TG, FFA, FIns and HOMA-IR in HF group and HG group (P<0.05). Conclusions IR may cause the increased expression of E-selectin in endothelium of rats fed with high fat or fructose.

Macrovascular complications are the main death or disabling causes of diabetic patients.In recent years,the results of a number of clinical trials aimed at preventing diabetic macrovascular complications have been unveiled.Comprehensive and systemic analysis of these results may give great enlightenment to the clinicans,as well as promote the work in preventing diabetic macroangiopathy in China.

Cystatin C is widely present in nucleated cells of various tissues and body fluids as a cysteine protease inhibitor.It can predict the occurrence of diabetes,and it was significantly associated with diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications such as albuminuria,retinopathy,peripheral arterial disease,and coronary artery disease.This review introduces the research progress of cystatin C in diabetes and diabetic vascular complications.

0.05).(3)The EIDD in group C was significan improved after intervention[(15.79?3.63)% vs(18.12?4.70)%,P0.05).Conclusion The EDD is improved by blood glucose,pressure and lipid control.While the EIDD was not improved.There was no conspiracy effect on the EDD when blood glucose,pressure and lipid control is combined with vitamine E or compound Dansen dripping pill.But the EIDD is improved after intervention with vitamine E.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation optimization of Nicorandil sustained-release matrix tablet,and evaluate its drug release properties in vitro. METHODS:Based on single factor test,powder direct compression method was used,using nicorandil cumulative release rate (Q) in 1,4,8,12 h as evaluation indexes,central composite design-response surface method was adopted to optimize the amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)and ethyl cellulose(EC);Q values within 12 h in different pH (1.0,5.0,6.8,7.4) media were compared. RESULTS:The optimized formulation (every tablet) was nicorandil 10 mg,HPMC 150 mg,EC 90 mg,microcrystalline cellulose 80 mg,lactose 60 mg,magnesium stearate 2%. Q1 h,Q4 h,Q8 h and Q12 h of the obtained formulation were 23.6%,51.3%,83.7% and 96.9%,respectively;deviation from the predicted values were 2.1%,1.6%,1.0%,0.2%. Q values were similar in pH 1.0-7.4 at different time points. CONCLUSIONS:The obtained Nicor-andil sustained-release matrix tablet by optimal formulation shows sustained-release effect,and the change of pH 1.0-7.4 has no in-terference in the release characteristics of main drug.

[Abatract] In order to improve the result of clinical practice for undergraduate students of clinical medicine, combined with the professional characteristics of hematology and teaching syllabus, Hematology Department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University developed practi-cal teaching content and tried using a variety of teaching methods and teaching means such as multi-media aided teaching, case teaching and simulation teaching method and so on. Besides, multiple station examination was established; teaching feedback and supervision were strengthened. The prac-tice proved that the reform measures were conducive to the cultivation of medical students' practical skills and clinical thinking, which helped to speed up the transformation from the students to the role of doctors.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum transforming growth factor- β1(TGF- β1) levels and early diabetic nephropathy and clarify whether valsartan plays a role in renal protection by reducing the level of serum TGF-β1. Methods The study subjects were divided into four groups:control group (30 cases); normal albuminuria group 1 (NA1 group with 12 cases, U MA/Cr < 10 μg/mg combined with type 2 diabetes);normal albuminuria group 2 (NA2 group with 19 cases,UMA/Cr 10-30 μg/mg combined with type 2 diabetes); microalbuminuria group ( MA group with 35 cases, U MA/Cr 31-300 μg/mg combined with type 2 diabetes). All these type 2 diabetic patients were suffering from diabetic retinopathy, and valsartan ( 80 mg/d) were medicated for those combined with hypertension. The serum TGF-β1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all subjects. Results Serum TGF- β1 levels in three diabetes groups were (7.41 ± 2.68 ), ( 10.52 ± 4.10), (22.98 ± 43.74) ng/L, respectively, all of which were higher than those in control group [(4.25 ± 5.82) ng/L] (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in serum TGF- β1 levels among MA group, NA2 group and NA1 group (P < 0.05 ). Serum TGF-β1 levels in NA1 group with valsartan treatment significantly decreased compared with those without valsartan treatment (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant reduction in NA2 and MA group with valsartan treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusions High serum TGF-β1 level may be associated with type 2 diabetes and early diabetic nephropathy. Early intervention of valsartan may be delay the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy by decreasing the serum TGF-β1 level.