Objective:To analyze drug resistance, virulence and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) isolated from skin sites of suppurative infections, and to provide an experimental basis for clinical anti-infective therapies. Methods:Swab samples from suppurative skin lesions and nasal secretions were collected from inpatients in Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from May 2020 to December 2020, and subjected to bacterial isolation and culture. Suspected S. aureus colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Drug sensitivity test was conducted by using the broth microdilution method. Virulence genes of S. aureus were amplified by PCR, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of 4 virulence genes including tsst-1, pvl, hla and clfA in S. aureus strains from different sources. S. aureus strains were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Drug resistance rates and detection rates of virulence genes were compared by using chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test, and measurement data among groups were compared by using t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results:A total of 85 strains of S. aureus were isolated from 210 inpatients, including 54 isolates from skin sites of suppurative infections (case group) and 31 isolates from the nasal cavity (control group) . Drug sensitivity test showed that 14 strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were identified among 85 strains of S. aureus. The resistance rate to penicillin was the highest (90.59%, 77/85) in the 85 S. aureus strains; the resistance rates to clindamycin and erythromycin were 60.00% (51/85) and 61.18% (52/85) respectively; no strains showed resistance to rifampicin, vancomycin or linezolid. PCR showed that the detection rate of the pvl gene was 33.33% (18/54) in the case group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (12.90%, 4/31; χ2= 4.28, P= 0.038) . Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression level of the clfA gene was significantly higher in the control group (3.87[2.30, 5.94]) than in the case group (1.63[0.95, 2.62], P= 0.007) . A total of 17 ST types were identified among the 85 strains of S. aureus, and the dominant types were ST398-methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (20/71) and ST22-MRSA (9/14) . The detection rate of the virulence gene pvl was significantly higher in the ST22-MRSA strain (14/14) than in the non-ST22 MRSA strains (0, P < 0.001) . Conclusions:S. aureus strains isolated from the skin sites of suppurative infections were highly resistant to penicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin, so these antibiotics should not be used as the first-choice empiric treatment. The occurrence of cutaneous S. aureus infections may be associated with the virulence gene pvl, and the nasal colonization of S. aureus may be associated with the clfA gene.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi ; metabolism ; pathology

Liver failure （LF） is a great trouble to the majority of patients due to its severe onset， many complications， difficult treatment， poor prognosis and other characteristics. This disease is liver injury caused by infection， hepatotoxic substances， autoimmunity， circulation disorders and other factors. It is a group of common clinical symptoms mainly manifested by coagulation disorders， jaundice， hepatic encephalopathy， ascites， and so on. In traditional Chinese medicine， it falls under the categories of "tympanites"， "jaundice" and other diseases. At present， the research progress of Western medicine in the treatment of LF is slow， and its clinical application effect is still not ideal. In contrast， traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of this disease， with over thousands of years of clinical practice and verification. It is characterized by exact efficacy and fewer side effects. The pathological mechanism of LF is extremely complex， involves a variety of signaling pathways， and is mainly related to inflammation， oxidative stress， liver fibrosis， cell apoptosis and other processes. In recent years， many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can intervene in the occurrence and development of LF by mediating relevant signaling pathways in vivo， but there is still a lack of relevant summary. Therefore， this review summarized several signaling pathways related to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in LF by referring to and sorting out relevant literature worldwide， including nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， transforming growth factor-β/ drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic proteins （TGF-β/Smads）， and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 （Nrf2/HO-1）， and elaborated the specific mechanism of their intervention in LF. This paper aims to provide practical and effective pathways and corresponding mechanisms for the treatment of LF by traditional Chinese medicine， and to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of LF and further scientific research.

Objective: To investigate the influence of inhibiting expression of polyamine-modulated factor (PMF-1) on the antitumor effect of glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) in human cervical cancer Caski cells. Methods: siRNAs which target human PMF-1 gene were designed and synthesized, and their effect on the expression of PMF-1 in Caski cells was evaluated by Western blotting. The PMF-1 down-regulated and control Caski cells were treated with DEX, and then the affect of PMF-1 down regulation on the sensitivity of the tumor cells to DEX was analyzed. MTT method was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle, Western blotting method was used to evaluate expression level of glucocorticoids receptor (GR), and HPLC was used to analyze intracellular polyamine content. Results: The transient transfection of Caski cells with siRNAwhich targets PMF-1 gene can significantly reduce the expression level of PMF-1 protein. Compared with the control cells, treating PMF-1 down-regulated Caski cells with DEX can more effectively inhibit cell proliferation（P<0.01), up regulate GR expression, arrest cell cycle at G2 stage（P<0.01), and also significantly reduce intracellular polyamine level（P<0.01). Conclusion：Inhibiting PMF-1 expression can enhance antitumor pharmacological activity of DEX against human cervical cancer cells, and the underlying mechanism may be related with enhanced cell cycle inhibition and decreased intracellular polyamine level.

Objective To analyze the current status,hotspots,and trends in the research field of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The relevant literatures on traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy combined with TACE treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma collected by China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 1994 to December 2022,and use CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software to analyze its publication volume,authors,research institutions,and key words.Results This study included a total of 686 articles.The publication volume showed a fluctuating upward trend from 1994 to 2015,but it had decreased since 2016,indicating that further breakthrough research was needed in this field.The communication between authors and research institutions needed to be strengthened,with low levels of cross institutional and cross regional cooperation and uneven geographical distribution.Cooperation should be strengthened.High frequency key words included hepatocellular carcinoma,Chinese materia medica,interventional therapy,therapeutic,etc.,resulting in 9 key word clustering labels.Conclusion Currently,there is a lack of experimental research and related mechanism research,the future research hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy combined with TACE treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma will focus more on traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy,interventional therapy,clinical observation,and cell apoptosis,which provides new ideas for researchers conducting related research in the future.

Objective By using the bibliometrics method,the literature about Yinchenhao decoction was visualized and analyzed to explore its research hot spot and frontier.Methods The related literatures on Yinchenhao decoction were retrieved from CNKI database,and CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to analyze the authors,institutions and key words,and the key words were clustered to draw a visual atlas.Results A total of 856 articles were included,and the number of articles showed a fluctuating upward trend.There were 764 authors and 513 related key words,including clinical application,experimental study and signaling pathway of Yinchenhao decoction.Conclusion Although Yinchenhao decoction is a commonly used clinical prescription for liver disease,there is a lack of studies on the mechanism of action and molecular level.Future research hot spot should focus more on large sample randomized controlled clinical studies and experimental studies,so as to provide new directions for researchers.