Objective To provide an additional reference and value for the surgeon to reconstruct the natural and aesthetic breast. Methods Measurements were made in a group of 45 women volunteers aged from 22 to 45 years, who were satisfied with their breasts without any history of breast surgery. After the lateral arch of the breast as the reference value for breast size being chosen, breast-areola to nipple ratio was determined according to parameters measured as follows: weight, height, diameter of the breast, areola, and nipple, distances between the nipple and borders of the breast-superior (to the suprasternal notch), medial arch (to the medial end of the inframammary crease), lateral arch (to the lateral end of the inframammary crease), inferior arch (to the lowest point of the inframammary crease). Correlation factors such as age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) which may influence the proportion were also considered and analyzed. Results The sample showed that the breast- areola and areola-nipple proportions were about 3.7:1.0 and 3.4:1.0 respectively in the Chinese women population. Weight/BMI had a significant positive correlation with the breast size and areola-nipple proportion, nor did age and height in the sample. Conclusions Breast and areola-nipple complex keeps their optimal proportions, which might be influenced by the factor of overweight. Determination of breast-areola-nipple proportion contributes its aesthetic value to the mammaplasty and reconstruction for the oriental female. The proportion could be used to predict and design the desired breast size during the operation.

Objective To present a new method of osteotomy for malar complex hypertrophy .Methods The operative procedures was transpositional osteoplasty of the malar complex by coronal approach. A lateral orbital osteotomy began at the level of the frontozygomatic suture line,preserving the lateral orbital rim. It continued far down inferoposteriorly across the zygomaticomaxillary suture line. The zygomatic arch was obliquely cut at 1 cm anterior from the articular tubercle. The bone was not separated from the soft tissue to preserve the blood supply to the zygoma and slid upward, inside and setback. The single microplate,screw and steelwire fixation was done on the repositioned zygomatic body.To zygomatic body prominence,it was obtained a satisfactory effect that only shaved the protruded zygomatic body with chisels by means of an intraoral approach.Operative procedures for reductive malar complex plasty were performed in 12 cases. The patients consisted of 3 males and 9 females whose ages ranged from 21 to 36 years.Results Postoperative follow up for 3～24 months showed satisfactory results using this procedure.Conclusion This modified method has an ideal effect without the possibility of bone resorption of the malar complex.

Objective To study the morphological characteristics of craniofacial contour in ageing.Methods Craniofacial morphology was examined in a sample of 20 young men and 20 old men.By multi-slice helical CT,a computer reconstruction technique was used to produce three dimensional images and 3-D reconstruction data were analyzed quantitatively.Results Compared with the young men,old men increased with midface(Zy-Zy),lower face(Go-Go),supraorbital projection(Fb-Sr,T-So),midface depth (N-Po),and lower facial depth(T-Gn),and decreased with maxillary height(N-Sd) and upper facial width(Ft-Ft,T-T).Conclusion Facial width and depth and supraorbital projection tend to be increased and facial height decreased with ageing.

Objective To screen permethrin human single-chain variable region (scFv) antibody for aims of developing rapid detection kit. Methods Phage display technology was used in this study. Permethrin was solid phase coated on Nunc plate as antigen. Semi-synthetic single-chain variable region of human antibody library technology was applied, and single chain variable region was screened from phage antibody library after 3 rounds "adsorption - elution - amplification" of the selection process. 100 clones were random selected as resistance to permethrin clones , enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), crossreactivity and competitive inhibition experiments were used to validate permethrin binding activity with strong scFv clones from the selected phage antibody clones plasmid. The plasmid was digested with restriction enzyme Sfi Ⅰ / Not Ⅰ and subcloned into pCANTAB5E vector. After transformed into E. coli XL1BIue, the plasmid was identified by restriction enzyme analysis. Results After screening in 100 clones, 18 clones had high ELISA absorbance values ( A value) at 490nm wavelength ( A490nm), then bovine serum albumin (BSA) cross-reactions identified five weak cross-reaction. Combined with the triplicate ELISA and competitive inhibition experiment results, one positive clone was acquired at last. And this clone was subcloned into pCANTAB5E vector and transformed into competent cells XL1-Blue. Conclusion Plasmid fragment was consistent with the purpose, which provided the foundation for further study of its specific affinity.

Objective To do screening acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients scFv antibody single chain variable region to cre-ate conditions for the expression and obtain further specificity of antibody fragments.Methods In this study,patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia serum as coating antigen using phage display technology,screening phage an-tibody specificity from the semi-synthetic human phage antibody libraries,the first to target the immune antigen-coated tab-let,phage library was added,so that with the target antigen-specific binding phage antibody was immobilized on plates immu-nization,could not be specifically bound phages were rinsed.The eluted specific binding phage,E.coli infection.Could get the specific antibody gene containing phagemid.Results After three “adsorption-elution-amplification”screening process,got stronger leukemia patient antigen-specific phage antibody variable region fragment and identification.Conclusion Got better strain affinity antibody fragments,to create the conditions for the next fragment expression,identification and clinical appli-cation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of endoscopic technique in corrections of square face. Methods A total of 38 patients (age 21~40 years, 35 women and 3 men) with square face were corrected by endoscope-assisted intraoral approach and resected mandibular angle with the high-speed pneumatic drill or bulky masseter muscle and buccal fat pad. Results The use of an endoscope offered a clear view of the mandibular angle region and the application of high-speed pneumatic drill facilitated accurate and easy resection of the the mandibular angle. These patients were successfully treated for these new techniques: ruduced surgical trauma, operative bleeding and surgical time, along with a reduced risk of infection. Conclusion The endoscopic assisted correction of square face offers more satisfactory clinical results with a clear view of operation and less haematoma, risk of infection, surgical trauma and time.

OBJECTIVETo introduce an operation for fingertip reconstruction.

METHODSThe vascularity of the reverse dorsal island flap is augmented by performing an arteriovenous anastomosis between the dorsal vein in the flap and a digital artery at the fingertip. The flap was used in ten patients for reconstruction of their fingertip defects.

RESULTSAll the ten flaps survived and the appearance was good.

CONCLUSIONThe method is easy except for the necessity of performing standard microvascular surgery. The flap is a good option for repairing fingertip defects.

Objective:To elucidate the factors influencing the differences in the survival rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients between the rural and urban regions in China. Methods:A total of 36,723 ESCC patients derived from the clinical data-bases containing 500,000 esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma cases (1973-2015) of the Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Can-cer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, were analyzed. Of these patients, 33,625 were from the rural re-gions (91.6%), comprising 20,906 male patients with an average age of 58.98 ± 8.71 years and 12,719 females with an average age of 59.59 ± 8.53 years. The remaining 3,098 were from the urban regions and composed of 2,089 male patients with an average age of 60.84±9.10 years and 1,009 females with an average age of 62.46 ± 9.14 years. All the patients underwent radical esophagectomy, de-tailed histopathological diagnosis, and TNM staging. Chi square test, Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank, and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the differences between ESCC patients from rural regions and those from urban regions and among the risk factors in prognosis. Results:Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank analysis results showed that the ESCC patients from the rural regions had significantly higher overall survival than the urban patients (χ2=12.971, P=0.000). Further analysis showed that rural patients≥50 years old and diagnosed with stage IIa and IIb (middle stage) ESCC had higher survival rates than urban patients in males and females (male:χ2=16.188, P<0.001;female:χ2=5.019, P=0.025). However, the survival rates of rural and urban patients with stage 0,Ⅰa,Ⅰb (early stage) and Ⅲa, Ⅲc, and Ⅳ (late stage) were similar (P>0.05). The results of Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that age, gender, and TNM stages were independent risk factors for rural and urban ESCC patients. When the rural and urban ESCC patients were both considered, the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis results showed that male ESCC patients≥50 years old, urban residence, and TNM stages were independent risk factors. Conclusion:Rural ESCC patients have significantly high-er overall survival than urban patients. Male, age of≥50 years old, urban residence, and TNM stages were independent risk factors for ESCC patient survival.

Objective To investigate the expressions of DEAD-box (DDX) 5 and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in glioma samples and their relations with prognoses of the patients.Methods Seventy-eight samples from the lesions and 78 samples from the adjacent tissues of glioma patients,admitted to hospital from February 2013 to June 2017,were selected.The protein expressions of DDX5 and HDGF were detected by immunohistochemistry.The positive expression rates of DDX5 and HDGF in the glioma tissues of patients with different clinical characteristics were compared.Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves of patients with DDX5 positive expression and DDX5 negative expression;Log-rank test was used to compare the survival rates of these patients.Results Among 78 patients,the positive expression rates of DDX5 and HDGF in the lesion group were 85.9％ and 80.8％,which were significantly higher than those in the paracancerous group (24.4％ and 28.2％,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the positive expression rates of DDX5 and HDGF in patients of different genders,ages,or body mass indexes (P＞0.05);patients with tumor size ＞ 3 cm had significantly higher positive expression rates of DDX5 and HDGF as compared with those with tumor size＜3 cm (P＜0.05);patients with WHO grading Ⅲ-Ⅳ had significantly higher positive expression rates of DDX5 and HDGF as compared with those with WHO grading Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P＜0.05);patients with intracranial cerebrospinal fluid metastasis had significantly higher positive expression rates of DDX5 and HDGF as compared with those without intracranial cerebrospinal fluid metastasis (P＜0.05).Log-rank analysis showed that the overall survival of patients from the DDX5 positive expression group was significantly lower than that of patients from the DDX5 negative expression group (P＜0.05).Conclusion DDX5 and HDGF are highly expressed in glioma tissues,and their expressions are related to tumor sizes,WHO grading and intracranial metastasis;patients with positive DDX5 expression have poor prognosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shanghai and to investigate the risk factors for disease progression to severe cases. Methods The clinical data of 292 adult patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 20, 2020 to February 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 21 severe patients and 271 mild patients. The demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, history of underlying diseases and laboratory examinations were compared between the two groups. Measurement data were compared using t test or Mann-Whitney U test. The count data were compared using hi-square test. The binary logistic regression equation was used to analyze the risk factors for the progression of patients to severe cases. Results Among the 292 patients, 21 were severe cases with the rate of 7.2% (21/292). One patient died, and the mortality rate was 4.8% in severe patients. The severe patients aged (65.0±15.7) years old, 19 (90.5%) were male, 11 (52.4%) had underlying diseases, 7 (33.3%) had close relatives diagnosed with COVID-19. The mild patients aged (48.7±15.7) years old, 135 (49.8%) were male, 74 (27.3%) had underlying diseases, 36 (13.3%) had close relatives diagnosed with COVID-19. The differences between two groups were all significant statistically ( t =-4.730, χ 2 =12.930, 5.938 and 4.744, respectively, all P <0.05). Compared with the mild patients, the levels of absolute numbers of neutrophils, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, serum cystatin C, C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin , D -dimer, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP), serum myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), serum troponin I (cTnI) in severe patients were all significantly higher ( U =2 091.5, 1 928.0, 1 215.5, 729.0, 1 580.5, 1 375.5, 917.5, 789.5, 1 209.0, 1 434.0, 638.0, 964.5, 1 258.0 and 1 747.5, respectively, all P <0.05), while the levels of lymphocyte count, albumin, transferrin, CD3 + T lymphocyte count, CD8 + T lymphocyte count and CD4 + T lymphocyte count in severe patients were all significantly lower ( U =1 263.5, t =4.716, U =1 214.0, 962.0, 1 167.5 and 988.0, respectively, all P <0.05). Further logistic regression analysis showed that the albumin (odds ratio ( OR )=0.806, 95% CI 0.675-0.961), CRP ( OR =1.016, 95% CI 1.000-1.032), serum myoglobin ( OR =1.010, 95% CI 1.004-1.016), CD3 + T lymphocyte count ( OR =0.996, 95% CI 0.991-1.000) and CD8 + T lymphocyte count ( OR =1.006, 95% CI 1.001-1.010) at admission were independent risk factors for the progression of COVID-19 patients to severe illness (all P <0.05). Conclusions Severe cases of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai are predominantly elderly men with underlying diseases. Albumin, CRP, serum myoglobin, CD3 + T lymphocyte count and CD8 + T lymphocyte count could be used as early warning indicators for severe cases, which deserve more clinical attention.