AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint to make the difference between pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method. METHODS: Chromatographic fingerprint between pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried was investigated by RP-HPLC and the gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid was applied to chromatographic separation(Alltima C_18(4.6 mm ?250 mm,5 ?m) column) for 65 min,and detection wavelength of 225 nm.Data were analysed by fingerprint similarity evaluation software to compare the similarity among the samples. RESULTS: The similitude degree of the10 batches of pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method were between 0.935-0.997 and 0.964-0.999,respectively.Comparing with the common processing of the HPLC fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen,the similarity of Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen processed with wine-fried was greater than 0.900. CONCLUSION: There have no significant deviation between semipolarity components of the pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method. The proportion of the main relative peak area has changed.

Photoautotrophic cultivation with heterotrophic cells as seeds (heterotrophic cells/photoautotrophic cultivation) is an effective way for the development of microalgal biofuel, but its development potential from the point of process optimization has not been investigated in literatures. To evaluate this, the optimizations of medium and culture conditions for Chlorella ellipsoidea were studied. In the heterotrophic stage, the biomass concentration reached 11.04 g/L with the optimized medium in flask, which were 28.0% higher than that with the original medium, and the biomass concentration reached 73.89 g/L in 5-L fermenter. In the photoautotrophic stage, the culture medium and conditions were studied in a 2-L column photobioreactor. The maximum biomass concentration, lipid content and lipid productivity reached 1.62 g/L, 36.34% and 6.1 mg/(L·h) under the optimal photoautotrophic conditions. The lipids were mainly composed of C16-C18 fatty acids, which were raw material suitable for biodiesel. After optimization, heterotrophic cells/photoautotrophic cultivation can significantly improve the capacity of biofuel production by Chlorella ellipsoidea, this method is also expected to be an efficient way for the cultivation of other microalgae that can grow heterotrophically.
Biofuels ; Biomass ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chlorella ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; Fatty Acids ; biosynthesis ; Heterotrophic Processes ; Lipids ; biosynthesis ; Photobioreactors

Objective To know the establishment of the flap pedicle blood supply and the right moment of the cutting off of pedicle by means of laser Doppler blood perfusion imaging instrument on the random flap blood flow changes.Methods 20 adult healthy rabbits were divided in to four groups and each 5 have unilateral flaps.1,3,5,7,9,12,14,18 days after operation,the pedicle blood perfusion values (PU) measurement of the distal pedicle on the flap and midpoint of both ends of the pedicle were performed,and PU values were analyzed.Results Pedicle of the PU values at the different time points changed little (P＞0.05).The PU value in the distal flap reached the minimum 1 day after operation and then increased gradually [3 d (1.24±0.07),5 d (1.57±0.15),7 d (1.79±0.08),9 d(1.89±0.13),12 d(2.01±0.16),14 d(2.18±0.09) and 18 d(2.40±0.18),P＜0.05].When distal PU values/pedicle PU value≥1.2,the flap survival rate reached 99%.Conclusions The establishment of random skin flap blood circulation,as well as the ratio of PU values of distal to the pedicle flap pedicle can be used as the timing of an important indicators.

BACKGROUND: Random flap as a primary means of wound healing, is widely used at present, its blood circulation to establish the situation is also researched a lot, but not yet the system of random skin flap perfusion were observed and measured. In addition, the timing of pedicle division of a pedicle flap random is also a hot topic, but not yet a mature clinical testing method has been discovered to determine the best timing.OBJECTIVE: By means of laser Doppler blood perfusion imaging, this study was designed to dynamically observe random flap microcirculation, to understand the changes on random flap blood flow, and to determine the best timing of pedicle division. METHODS: A total of 18 cases were divided into traditional pedicle division group and early pedicle division group. Pedicle flap blood perfusion values were statistically measured immediately after surgery, at 3, 7,11,15, and 19 days after surgery, before division, immediately after division, and at 24 hours after pedicle division, 8-9 phases in total.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Distal blood perfusion value was increased with the time prolongation in both groups; while, the blood perfusion in various time phases was significantly different from that after surgery (P < 0.05); but, the blood perfusion was decreased immediately after surgery, which was still significantly compared with traditional pedicle division group (P< 0.05). There was no significant different in blood perfusion between early pedicle division and immediate after surgery of pedicle division (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference between 24 hours after pedicle division and immediate after surgery of pedicle division (P< 0.05). Blood perfusion values were less changed in both groups (P> 0.05). The ratio of both groups peaked before pedicle division and then gradually decreased after pedicle division. The best timing of pedicle division was the ratio of 1.2.

BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (PTX), as an effective drug to improve blood rheology, has been used as a vasodilator for the treatment of vascular diseases and peripheral vascular disease science 1960s. But the role of PTX on skin blood flow to improve flap survival remains still unclear. OBJECTIVE: Through the clinical application of PTX therapy, the dynamic observation of random flap to understand that the PTX can promote flap survival and improve blood circulation of flap. METHODS: A total of 39 patients (27 males and 12 females aging 7-54 years) with skin tissue defect undergoing random flap repairing were selected from Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The 39 cases were randomly divided into control group and drug group. Patients in the drug group were given intravenous injection of 250 mL PTX at day 2 after random flap operation, once a day, until 14 days after flap repairing surgery. On the first day after flap pedicle surgery, 250 mL PTX sodium chloride injection was intravenously given, once a day, until 7 days after flap pedicle surgery. The control group was not given PTX treatment. The value of blood perfusion (PU) was measured using laser-Doppler blood reperfusion image after flap transplantation, before and after pedicle division. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 39 patients were completely cured and discharged, with no interruption experiments. Before pedicle division, PU value at distal flap in both drug and control groups were increased obviously, and the PU value in the drug group was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05); after pedicle division, the PU value in the two groups were decreased, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Prior to pedicle division, the PU value of pedicle was gradually decreased and then increased in the drug group, and that in the control group was gradually increased. On the seventh day, the PU value of pedicle was stable in the drug group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05); after pedicle division immediately, the PU values of pedicle were decreased in the two groups, and then the increase in the drug group was remarkable compared to control group (P < 0.05). Two sets of random flaps all survived, and skin defects were successfully repaired after pedicle division. PTX can markedly increase blood perfusion after random flap transplantation, promote flap survival and pedicle division in an early stage, and effectively shorten the healing time.

In traditional biomedical research, a series of mechanism and measures had been taken for identity protection of data subjects, such as data disclosure in aggregated methods, information restricted in public only after identified variables removal and etc. The purpose of such process was aimed to properly keep confidentiality of health information for the target subjects in research. As the protection of subject privacy was viewed as one of the most essential principle of medical ethics in human research, the effects to fulfill and accomplish such process can help to maintain the trust and support among participants and social public. Currently, such traditional modes of privacy safeguard are widely-applied in genetics and genomics study. However, the universal applicability also causes a number of controversies, and the effectiveness remains to be proven. Nowadays, the risk assessments of data subjects’ privacy call for taking the whole“data context” into consideration, not just self-restricted in isolation and confined to quality control of data disclosure. With the soaring increasing of data resources in research involved human subjects, the issues of releasing genetic data have caused more and more public attention, especially for the sensitive domains of privacy protection. Based on the core problem and principles, this article attempted to discuss the controversial bioethical issues such as data context, data-intruder concept, privacy of data subject, identity control of releasing data, potential risk of individual identification, privacy protection of data subject, and etc. We hope these considerations can provide references to the bioethical understanding of biobanks research and decision-making of ethic review.

OBJECTIVETo compare the acute toxicity and content of daphnoretin among extracts of unprocessed indian string-bush root and its two different processed products, and to provide a basis for discussion of the mechanism of two processed methods.

METHODExtracts of unprocessed indian stringbush root and processed indian stringbush root with "sweat" and "artificial sweat" were prepared. The mice were intragastrically administrated once with these three extracts, the mortalities of mice were observed, and the median lethal dose (LD50) of different extracts were calculated with Bliss method. The determination of daphnoretin in these three samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTThe LD50 of indian stringbush root extracts, indian stringbush root processed with "sweat" and with "artificial sweat" were 46.678, 72.190, 67.953 g x kg(-1), respectively. The contents of daphnoretin in unprocessed indian stringbush root, indian stringbush root processed with "sweat" and with "artificial sweat" were 0.189%, 0.407% and 0.345%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe toxicity of indian stringbush root processed with both "sweat" and "artificial sweat" is lower than that of the original rude drug. But the decreasion of toxicity of processed products is not by the reduced daphoretin content.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Female ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Toxicity Tests ; Wikstroemia ; chemistry

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of expanded forehead flaps in repairing midfacial defects. Methods: From January 2003 to December 2018, 19 patients with midfacial defects were admitted to our unit, including 8 males and 11 females, aged 7 to 52 years. One cylindrical expander with rated capacity ranged from 100 to 170 mL was placed in the forehead of patients in the first stage of expansion, and the total water injection volume was about 2 times of the rated capacity of the expander during 1 to 2 months. The area of midfacial defects was 4 cm×2 cm to 9 cm×5 cm after resection in the second stage surgery. Expanded forehead flaps with vascular pedicle of supratrochlear vessels or frontal branch of superficial temporal vessels were used to repair the midfacial defects, with flap size ranging from 5 cm×2 cm to 16 cm×6 cm. The donor sites were closed by direct suturing. Three weeks later, the pedicle was divided. The complications, blood supply after flap transfer and pedicle division, and the treatment effects during follow-up were observed. Results: Among the patients, flaps of 11 patients had vascular pedicle of supratrochlear vessels; flaps of 8 patients had vascular pedicle of frontal branch of superficial temporal vessels. All the flaps survived with no complications and good blood supply after flap transfer and pedicle division. During the follow-up of 6 to 12 months after the third stage surgery of pedicle division of 12 patients, no lower eyelid ectropion occurred, the appearance of the flaps was similar to the surrounding tissue with no swelling. Conclusions The application of expanded forehead flaps can not only repair the defects but also effectively avoid the complication of lower eyelid ectropion, which is a promising method in repairing midfacial defects.

Objective:To introduce the surgical method of Ortho-Bridge system (OBS) in the treatment of distal femoral fractures in elderly patients and investigate its clinical effect.Methods:From January 2018 to July 2021, 24 elderly patients who suffered distal femoral fractures were treated with bilateral OBS. There were 8 males and 16 females aging from 62 to 87 years, with an average age of 72.6 years. It included 15 cases of simple distal femoral fractures. According to AO classification, there were one case of A1, two of A2, five of A3, two of C1, three of C2 and two of C3. Nine cases of femoral periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were classified as type II according to rorabeck's classification. After operation, all patients were guided to perform knee joint functional exercise and to measure the range of motion of the knee joint. Then imaging examinations were used to evaluate the fracture healing and measure the femoral-tibial and femoral angles. The American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee joint scoring system was used to evaluate the knee function.Results:All 24 patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was 84-115 min, with an average of 96.6 min; the intraoperative blood loss was 150-335 ml, with an average of 240 ml. All patients were followed up for 8-17 months, with an average of 13.6 months. Except for 1 case of nonunion due to few primary bone grafts, which required secondary bone grafting, the other 23 cases achieved bone union. The healing time was 3.5-6 months, with an average of 4.6 months. At 1, 3, and 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up, the flexion angles of knee were 92.2°±10.2°, 98.6°±13.3°, 106.4°±13.7°, 115.7°±15.3°, and the extension angles were -4.7°±4.1°, -1.2°±4.2°, 0.7°±4.5°, 1.8°±4.6°, respectively; and all differences were statistically significant ( F=17.03 and 12.68, P<0.001). The knee flexion and extension angles at the last follow-up were greater than 1, 3, and 6 months after operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). The femoral-tibial angle was 171.2°±2.4° and 170.7°±3.2°, and the femoral angle was 80.3°±1.7° and 79.6°±2.1°, respectively, at the immediate postoperative and last follow-up, with no significant difference. The HSS scores at 1, 3, 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up were 71.5±7.5, 74.6± 9.3, 78.9±10.4 and 84.7±9.4 respectively, with significant difference ( F=9.17, P<0.001). At the last follow-up, the HSS score was higher than that at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001), and the knee function was evaluated according to the HSS scoring system: excellent in 12 cases, good in 9, fair in 3, with an excellent and good rate of 88% (21/24). There was no OBS crack or fixation failure in all patients, and no prosthetic loosening and instability occurred in patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures after TKA. Statistical analysis of the data at the last follow-up between the distal femoral fracture group and the periprosthetic femoral fracture group after TKA showed that the knee flexion function and HSS score of the periprosthetic femoral fracture group after TKA (126.8°±3.7°, 92.2±4.1) were both better than the simple distal femur fracture group (108.9°±15.7°, 80.2±8.8). The difference was statistically significant ( t=4.22, 4.52, P<0.05). One patient had incision fat liquefaction and healed after debridement; bone nonunion occurred in 1 case, which healed after iliac bone grafting. Conclusion:Double OBS has a good clinical effect in the treatment of distal femoral fractures in the elderly, especially in patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures after TKA.