Objective To observ the curative effect of combined with Chinese and Western medicine in treatment gouty nephropathy.Methods 200 cases with gouty nephropathy were divided into integrative medicine group(treatment group,n=100)and allopurinol treatment group(control group,n=100).The renal function before and after treatment in two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate was 88.0％ in treatment group which was significantly higher than 76.0％ in control group(x2=5.90,P＜0.05);The levels of Bun,Scr,serum uric acid in the treatment group were lower than the control group(t=5.26,4.27,6.01,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Integrative medicine treatment of gouty nephropathy could delay the course of the disease,and had a good effect.

AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint to make the difference between pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method. METHODS: Chromatographic fingerprint between pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried was investigated by RP-HPLC and the gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid was applied to chromatographic separation(Alltima C_18(4.6 mm ?250 mm,5 ?m) column) for 65 min,and detection wavelength of 225 nm.Data were analysed by fingerprint similarity evaluation software to compare the similarity among the samples. RESULTS: The similitude degree of the10 batches of pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method were between 0.935-0.997 and 0.964-0.999,respectively.Comparing with the common processing of the HPLC fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen,the similarity of Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen processed with wine-fried was greater than 0.900. CONCLUSION: There have no significant deviation between semipolarity components of the pre-and post processed Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana rigescen with wine-fried method. The proportion of the main relative peak area has changed.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of pterodontic acid in Lingdancao Soft Capsula. Methods Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used. Acetonitrile-water (60∶40) was used as mobile phase, the detection wavelength was 210 nm, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and column temperature was at 25 ℃. Results The linear range of pterodontic acid was 12.91—129.1 ?g/mL (r=0.999 9), the average recovery rate of pterodontic acid was 99.7 %, RSD was 2.0%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, and reliable, and it can be used to the quality control of this preparation effectively as a quantitative method.

BACKGROUND:Fructus Zipiphi Jujubae,with certain cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),has effects on hypertension,diabetes,cancer and cardiogenic shock.But there has been rare report on the influence of Fructus Zipiphi Jujubae on blood lipid. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of juice of Fructus Zipiphi Jujubae on body function and blood lipid level in mice. DESIGN:A completely randomized basic study taking experimental animals as the subjects. SETTINGS:Department of bioengineering,school of life science and technology in a university;Department of endocrinology in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS:The experiment was completed in the Department of Bioengineering,School of Life Science and Technology in Xi'an Jiaotong University from March to May 2003.ICR mice of clean grade, weighing 20 g to 40 g,were provided by the Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine[Certification No.08-004]. Juice of Fructus Zipiphi Jujubae:The Chinese date was picked, cleaned,heated and fractured moderately,mixed with water of 10 times and pectinase with the quantity percentage of 0.70% ,soaked at 50 ℃ for 6 hours,then the juice was filtered and condensed into 16% soluble solids,then sterilized for use later.Forty-eight mice (24 male and 24 female) were randomly divided into 4 groups according to body mass with 12 in each group:normal control group(group A), normal date juice group(group B),model control group(group C) and model date juice group(group D). INTERVENTIONS:Mice in group A were fed with basic diet,drank water for 24 hours;Mice in group B were fed with basic diet,drank water and date juice for 12 hours respectively;Mice in group C were fed with high-fat diet,drank water for 24 hours;Mice in group D were fed with high-fat diet,drank water and date juice for 12 hours respectively.Changes of body mass,indexes of thymus gland and spleen were measured after treated with date juice for 30 days.High fat mice models were established,and blood lipid indexes were determined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Food efficiency of mice,index of thymus gland,spleen index,growth index of mice. RESULTS:The food efficiency and the indexes of thymus gland and spleen in group B were(9.93± 0.473) g/100 g,3.27± 0.35 and 2.93± 0.51 respectively,which were all obviously higher than those in group A[(7.56± 0.382) g/100 g,(3.14± 0.54),(2.87± 0.33)](t=2.55,2.37,2.41,P< 0.05).The body mass was obviously higher in group B [(36.73 ± 4.70) g] than in group A[(34.92 ± 5.12) g] (t=2.32,P< 0.05);while those were very significantly higher in group C and group D [(39.83 ± 6.00), (37.63 ± 2.73) g] than in group A and group B[(34.92 ± 5.12), (36.73 ± 4.70) g](t=4.13,2.48,P< 0.01),and that in the group D[(37.63 ± 2.73) g] was obviously lighter than that in the group C[(39.83 ± 6.00)g](t=2.26,P< 0.05).The serum levels of total cholesterol(TC) in the in group C and group D were significantly higher than those in group A and group B(P< 0.01), while that was significantly lower in group D than in group C(P< 0.05). The serum levels of triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),arteriosclerosis index(AI),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and HDL-C/TC were significantly higher in group C than in group A(P< 0.01,P< 0.05).TC, HDL-C,AI,HDL-C/TC,TG and LDL-C in group D were lower than those in group C(P< 0.05,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION:Juice of Fructus Zipiphi Jujubae can obviously increase the body mass,promoting food efficiency and indexes of thymus gland and spleen of mice, and has the significant effect on the reinforcement of body function in mice.Juice of Fructus Zipiphi Jujubae can decrease the serum levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in mice with hyperlipidemia,and has the remarkable ameliorating effect on hyperlipidemia of mice induced by high-fat feed.

The long-term use of immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation is associated with many undesirable side effects which may limit the survival of patients and transplanted organs.To patients and transplant surgeons,organ transplantation tolerance is the ultimate goal to improve patient's quality of life.The clinical state of allograft acceptance termed operational tolerance has remained infrequent in clinical transplantation because of the lack of validated assays or biomarkers predictive of tolerance and the concerns about the safety and ethics of complete withdrawal of immunosuppression.Despite these barriers,a number of investigators have continued to conduct well-designed studies with the long-term goal of inducing clinical transplantation tolerance.This review provides an overviewof the currently successful approaches to achieve clinical operational tolerance,including using immunosuppression slow withdrawal in organ transplantation,transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism and clinical application of T regulatory cells in tolerance.

Objective To investigate the relationships and types between pulmonary subsolid nodules and bronchi and vessels,and their diagnostic values in differentiating subsolid nodules.Methods MSCT images of 40 subsolid nodules were retrospectively reviewed.The relationships between subsolid nodules and bronchi were divided into five types.Type Ⅰ:the bronchi were “cutoff”in the solid part of nodules.Type Ⅱ:the bronchi were distortion and extension in the solid parts of nodules.Type Ⅲ:the bronchi were distortion and extension in the GGO parts of nodules.Type Ⅳ:the bronchi were normal course in the GGO parts of nodules.Type Ⅴ:the bronchi were circumvent nodule lesions.The relationships between subsolid nodules and vessels were categorized into four types.Type Ⅰ:vessels passing by SSNs;Type Ⅱ:intact vessels passing through SSNs;Type Ⅲ:distorted,dilated or tortuous vessels seen within SSNs;Type Ⅳ:more complicated vessels other than described above.The relationship types were correlated to pathologic and/or clinical findings of subsolid nodules.Results Of 40 subsolid nodules,4 were preinvasive nodules,6 micro infiltrating adeocarcinomas and 30 invasive ones that were pathologically proven.Types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ vascular relationships were observed in 0,8,21 and 11 subsolid nodules,respectively.Type Ⅲ relationship was the dominating one.All 11 subsolid nodules were invasive adenocarcinomas,when the relationship between subsolid nodules and vessle was type Ⅳ.There were 17 invasive adenocarcinomas,2 preinvasive ones,and 2 infiltrating ones when the relationship between subsolid nodules and vessel was type Ⅲ.Correlation analysis showed strong correlation between invasive adenocarcinoma and type Ⅲ and Ⅳ relationships.There was significantly statistical significance among 3 groups of relationships between subsolid nodule and vessels(χ2 =1 5.1 90,P =0.004).Types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V brochi relationships were observed in 20,5,6,9 and 0 subsolid nodules,respectively.Type I relationship was the dominating relationship.There were 1 7 invasive adenocarcinomas, 1 preinvasive one,2 micro invasive ones when the relationship between subsolid nodules and bronchi were typeⅠ.There was significantly statistical significance among 3 groups of relationships between subsolid nodule and bronchi (χ2 =23.81 1,P =0.001 ).Conclusion Different subsolid nodules have different relationships with bronchi and vessels.Understanding and recognizing the characteristic subsolid nodule-bronchi and subsolid nodule-vessel relationships may help to identify which nodules are more likely to be malignant.

Photoautotrophic cultivation with heterotrophic cells as seeds (heterotrophic cells/photoautotrophic cultivation) is an effective way for the development of microalgal biofuel, but its development potential from the point of process optimization has not been investigated in literatures. To evaluate this, the optimizations of medium and culture conditions for Chlorella ellipsoidea were studied. In the heterotrophic stage, the biomass concentration reached 11.04 g/L with the optimized medium in flask, which were 28.0% higher than that with the original medium, and the biomass concentration reached 73.89 g/L in 5-L fermenter. In the photoautotrophic stage, the culture medium and conditions were studied in a 2-L column photobioreactor. The maximum biomass concentration, lipid content and lipid productivity reached 1.62 g/L, 36.34% and 6.1 mg/(L·h) under the optimal photoautotrophic conditions. The lipids were mainly composed of C16-C18 fatty acids, which were raw material suitable for biodiesel. After optimization, heterotrophic cells/photoautotrophic cultivation can significantly improve the capacity of biofuel production by Chlorella ellipsoidea, this method is also expected to be an efficient way for the cultivation of other microalgae that can grow heterotrophically.
Biofuels ; Biomass ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chlorella ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; Fatty Acids ; biosynthesis ; Heterotrophic Processes ; Lipids ; biosynthesis ; Photobioreactors

BACKGROUND: Research on mapping the gene for benign familial infantile convulsion(BFIC) has been conducted mainly in western countries. Although three chromosome loci have been found by three research groups, up to now the gene responsible for BFIC has been neither found nor identified. Mapping the gene and studying locus heterogeneity is the first step toward cloning the disease gene.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between BFIC loci and the gene for BFIC in five Chinese pedigrees with BFIC. Locus heterogeneity among these pedigrees will be revealed based on the findings so as to further map the gene.DESIGN: Retrospective and observational controlled study using five Chinese pedigrees with BFIC as subjects.SETTING: Laboratory of cell biology and medical genetics in a university.PARTICIPANTS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics of Zhengzhou University from July 2001 to July 2003. Five BFIC pedigrees of 70 subjects, 28 BFIC patients and 42 non-BFIC patients, from Xinxiang, Nanyang, Zhoukou, and Hebi of Henan Province,China, were involved. Inclusion criteria: Those met the epileptic seizure classification criteria issued by the International Anti-epilepsy Commissi6n[2].Exclusion criteria: The patients were excluded from the group of the affected members if any of the three examinations, namely, interictal electroencephalograms, computed-tomography scanning and magnetic-resonance imagining, was abnormal. The same exclusion criteria applied to patients who had suffered either toxicosis or cerebral damage.METHODS: To get the genotypes of these family members, such techniques as polymerase chain reaction, polyacrlamide and agarose gels electrophresis and sliver straining were used. The procedure was as follows: first, DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the members of five pedigrees with BFIC. Then, six short tandem repeat(STR) loci, namely, D19S245,D19S250, D16S3131, D16S3133, D2S399 and D2S2330, were used to detect genotype of each family member, followed by input of the genotypes into the computer and linkage analysis by MLINK program from LINKAGE package. Finally, the results of linkage analysis were analyzed by HOMOGM program and locus heterogeneity was obtained.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis results of genotype of each subject and the results of heterogeneity detection.RESULTS: One maximum two-point limit of detection (LOD) score of 2. 151 for D19S250 was obtained at recombination rate of 0. 000 under autosomal dominant model with 90% penetrance. For D16S3131, two maximum two-point LOD scores of 1. 056 and 1. 155 were obtained at recombination rate of 0. 085 under autosomal dominant model with 70% and 60% penetrance. This suggested that the gene for BFIC pedigree might be linked to D16S3131 or D19S250. At the other DNA markers, no information suggested that linkage was produced. The results of heterogeneity detection showed that there was locus heterogeneity among the BFIC pedigrees.CONCLUSION: The gene for BFIC may be linked to D16S3131 or D19S250. Heterogeneity exists in BFIC, which serves as primary information for the further study of mapping the disease gene for BFIC.

Objective To investigate safety and efficiency of anti-coagulation therapy in patients with high-risk of bleeding and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). Meth-ods Forty patients with high-risk bleeding MODS during CVVH in our hospital were divided into heparin-free group (A group) and low-dose heparin group (B group). Blood coagulation function, platelets counts, blood urea nitrogen, serum creati-nine, PaO2/FIO2 and Apache Ⅱ scores in two groups were tracked before treatment and 24 h, 48 h after treatment. Filter lifespan, median ventilation time, ICU admission time and bleeding complications were observed. Results (1)There was significant difference in levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, PaO2/FIO2 and ApacheⅡscores at 24 h, 48 h after treatment between in low-dose heparin group and those in heparin-free group (P＜0.05). (2)Levels of activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time (TT) were prolonged. Platelets count were significantly lower at 24 h after treat-ment than that before treatment in low-dose heparin group. Levels of APTT, TT and platelets count had no changes with pro-longed time of CVVH therapy.(3)Average ventilation time, ICU admission time were obviously shorter in low-dose heparin group than that in heparin-free group. Filter lifespan was significant longer in low-dose heparin group than that in heparin-free group, (P＜0.05).(4)Bleeding in skin and mucosa was observed in 1 case in low-dose heparin group without other se-vere bleeding complications. Conclusion The results of monocentric study show that low dose of heparin ensure smooth op-eration of CVVH in patients with MODS and high-risk bleeding. The clinical application is safe and efficient.