OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on paroxysmal sympathetic hyperexcitation (PSH) after brain injury. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted. Fifty-six patients with PSH who received HBO treatment from four hospitals in Henan Province from January 2021 to September 2023 were selected as the HBO group, and 36 patients with PSH who did not receive HBO treatment from Zhengzhou People's Hospital from May 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the control group. PSH assessment measure (PSH-AM) score [clinical feature scale (CFS) score+diagnostic likelihood tool (DLT) score] and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were compared before and after HBO treatment, and between HBO group and control group to evaluate the effect of HBO treatment on prognosis of PSH patients. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, PSH etiology, GCS score, time from onset to occurrence of PSH, CFS score, CFS+DLT score and frequency of PSH episodes between the two groups, indicating comparability. The duration of HBO treatment ranged from 3 to 11 days for 56 patients receiving HBO treatment, and the duration of HBO treatment ranged from 3 to 5 courses. Compared with before treatment, after HBO treatment, PSH symptoms in HBO patients were significantly relieved (body temperature increase: 14.29% vs. 64.29%, heart rate increase: 25.00% vs. 98.21%, shortness of breath: 14.29% vs. 76.79%, blood pressure increase: 8.93% vs. 85.71%, sweating: 10.71% vs. 85.71%, muscle tone increased: 19.64% vs. 75.00%, all P < 0.05), CFS+DLT score decreased significantly (16.90±4.81 vs. 22.12±3.12, P < 0.01), GCS score improved (12.31±5.34 vs. 5.95±2.18, P < 0.01). After 30 days of hospitalization, compared with the control group, PSH symptoms in the HBO group were improved (body temperature increase: 14.29% vs. 19.44%, heart rate increase: 19.64% vs. 25.00%, shortness of breath: 10.71% vs. 27.78%, blood pressure increase: 7.14% vs. 22.22%, sweating: 8.93% vs. 25.00%, muscle tone increased: 19.64% vs. 38.89%, all P < 0.05 except body temperature increase), CFS+DLT score decreased (16.90±3.81 vs. 19.98±4.89, P < 0.05), GCS score increased (14.12±4.12 vs. 12.31±4.14, P < 0.01), the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was shortened (days: 18.01±5.67 vs. 24.93±8.33, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS HBO treatment can significantly relieve the symptoms of patients with PSH after brain injury and provide a new idea for the treatment of PSH patients.
Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Brain Injuries/therapy* ; Female ; Male ; Prognosis ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/etiology*

Ma-huang Lian-yao Chi-xiao-dou Tang is one of the three formulas for typhoid jaundice.But it has not received much attention,and the source of Lian-yao in the formula is unknown and the status and role are difficult to identify.In this paper,we first analyzed the functions of Ephedra and the symptoms of the whole formula.The formula was mainly used to"clear damp-heat"in order to remove jaundice.On this basis,it is proved that Lian-yao is the root of Forsythia,not"Qiao-gen".Today,the use of Forsythia instead of Lian-yao has the same effect.Then,the indispensable and important position of Forsythia in the formula was analyzed.It also pointed out some valuable directions for the medicinal use and research and development of Forsythia based on its wide range of effects but the lack of main symptoms.This paper provides insights for in-depth theoretical and practical research on Forsythiae Fructus.

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro cross-neutralization of serum antibodies in human and mice immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against Delta and Beta variants. Methods:Human serum samples after a second and a third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and mouse serum samples after a two-dose vaccination were collected. The neutralizing antibodies in the samples against SARS-CoV-2 strains of prototype, Delta and Beta variants were detected using micro-neutralization assay in biosafety level Ⅲ laboratory. The seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers (GMTs) of antibodies were calculated.Results:The seroconversion rates of antibodies in human serum samples against different SARS-CoV-2 strains were all above 95%. After two-dose vaccination, the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against the prototype, Delta and Beta strains were 109, 41 and 15, respectively. The GMTs decreased by 2.7 folds and 7.3 folds for the Delta and Beta variants as compared with the prototype strain. After the booster vaccination, the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against the prototype, Delta and Beta strains were 446, 190 and 86, respectively. The GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Beta variants decreased by 2.3 folds and 5.2 folds as compared with that against the prototype strain. The seroconversion rates of antibodies against different SARS-CoV-2 strains in mouse serum samples were all 100%. The GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against the prototype, Delta and Beta strains were 2 037, 862 and 408, respectively. The GMTs decreased by 2.4 folds and 5.0 folds for the Delta and Beta variants.Conclusions:Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could induce a certain level of neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Beta variants in both human and mouse models. Moreover, a third dose of vaccine induced higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Beta variants in human. This study provided valuable data for the clinical application and protective evaluation of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Objective: To investigate mental health and its associated factors in college students during COVID-19 confinement in campus, and to provide a scientific basis for mental health education. Methods: A general questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder- 7 (GAD-7) were administered. A total of 1 816 college students under COVID-19 confinement in campus in Lanzhou City were surveyed from October 18 to November 18, 2021. Data were analyzed by using the ordinal Logistic regression method. Results: The overall incidence of depressive emotions was 38.76%, and the incidences of mild, moderate to severe depression emotions were 31.33% and 7.43%, respectively. About 16.36% of students showed anxiety, with mild, moderate to severe anxiety being 13.33% and 3.03%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that poverty( OR =1.29), daily schedule (basically normal OR =0.33, normal OR =0.18), adaptability of online learning (moderate adaptation OR =0.45, high level of adaptation OR =0.25), concerns about the infection of oneself and family members (some concerns OR =1.73, considerable concerns OR =2.09),male( OR =0.78), and the isolation mode( OR =1.70). The music listening (sometimes OR =0.44, often OR =0.41), daily schedule (basically normal OR =0.36, normal OR =0.19), adaptability of online learning (moderate adaptation OR =0.42, high level of adaptation OR =0.28), and concerns about the infection of oneself and family members (some concerns OR =1.87, considerable concerns OR =3.27) were primary factors associated with high level of anxiety among college students( P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of depression and anxiety among college students increased following COVID-19 confinement and centralized isolation for medical observation in campus. Universities and relevant departments should take timely and precise measures for psychological counseling.

Objective To investigate the reasons of HOXA5 overexpression in GBM and the molecular mechanism of miR-128-3p regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Methods After increasing and decreasing miR-128-3p expression in U87 cell lines by lentivirus transfection, the changes of HOXA5 expression were detected by Western blot, to explore the correlation between miR-128-3p and HOXA5 in GBM. The dual-luciferase reporter tests were performed to detect the target interaction of miR-128-3p with HOXA5. Through CCK-8 test, Transwell test, flow cytometric assay and tumor cell xenograft in nude mice, we verified molecular mechanism of miR-128-3p regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of GBM in vitro and in vivo. Results The expression level of HOXA5 was decreased in U87 cell line after miR-128-3p upregulation. In addition, the expression level of HOXA5 was increased in U87 cell line after miR-128-3p downregulation (P < 0.05). The expression level of HOXA5 was correlated negatively with the expression of miR-128-3p in U87 cell lines. MiR-128-3p targetedly interacted with 3'UTR of HOXA5 and inhibited the expression of HOXA5. The proliferation, invasion and anti-apoptosis of U87 cells were significantly decreased in the miR-128-3p+control group. Conclusion MiR-128-3p regulates negatively the proliferation, invasion and anti-apoptosis of GBM cells by targeting HOXA5. The overexpression of HOXA5 is induced by downregulation of miR-128-3p in GBM.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of SNHG5 regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells by targeting miR-421. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR test was performed to detect the expression levels of SNHG5 and miR-421 in 31 cases of GBM tissue samples and 32 cases of normal brain tissue samples. After increasing or decreasing SNHG5 expression in U87 cell lines by lentivirus or plasmid transfection, the changes of miR-421 expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR, to explore the correlation between SNHG5 and miR-421 in GBM. The dual-luciferase reporter test was performed to explore the target interaction of SNHG5 and miR-421. The plasmids with low expression of SNHG5 and miR-421 were cotransfected into U87 cells for the rescue experiment. CCK-8 test, Transwell test, flow cytometry and tumor cell xenograft in nude mice were used to verify molecular mechanism of SNHG5 regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of GBM in vitro and vivo. Results The expression level of miR-421 was decreased in U87 cell line after SNHG5 upregulation. In addition, the expression level of miR-421 was increased in U87 cell line after SNHG5 downregulation (P < 0.05). The expression level of SNHG5 was correlated negatively with the expression of miR-421 in GBM and U87 cell line. The result of luciferase reporter tests indicated SNHG5 targetedly interacted with miR-421. Rescue experiment results showed that compared with si-SNHG5+miR-421-inhibitor group, the proliferation, invasion and anti-apoptosis ability of U87 cells were significantly inhibited in the si-SNHG5+control-inhibitor group, the expression levels of BAX and p21 were significantly higher, the expression levels of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2 were lower remarkably (P < 0.05). Conclusion SNHG5 promotes the proliferation, invasion and anti-apoptosis of GBM by targeting miR-421 and regulating the expression of CyclinD1, p21, BAX and Bcl-2. Downregulation of miR-421 is related to SNHG5 overexpression in GBM.

Objective : To investigate the oral health behavior of urban and rural students in the 12~15 year age group in Guangdong Province, aiming to provide informational support for adolescent oral health care. Methods : A multistage stratified sampling method with equal capacity and simple random sampling was applied to obtain representative samples. A total of 7 680 students aged 12 to 15 were selected from Guangdong Province, with 1 920 in each age group of 12, 13, 14 and 15 years; half were male and half were female, and half were from urban areas and half were from rural areas. According to the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiology Questionnaire Survey Program, a standard questionnaire was designed to conduct on-the-spot investigations on sugar intake, brushing, dental floss usage, fluoride toothpaste usage. Results : ① Eating before a meal and before bed: the proportion of sweet snacks, sweet drinks and sugary drinks consumed ≥2 times/day was higher in the rural group than in the urban group (P < 0.001), with only sugary drinks consumed significantly differently by age (P < 0.001). ② The rural group had a significantly lower proportion of brushing ≥ 2 times/day, flossing habits and fluoride toothpaste habits than the urban Conclusions Among the students aged 12 to 15 in Guangdong Province, the rural group had a higher proportion of consuming desserts, sweet drinks and sweetened drinks. The proportion of brushing ≥ 2 times/day was lower, and the usage rate of floss and fluoride toothpaste was lower.

Objective To determine the trajectories of the myelin water faction of the corpus callosum of infants.Methods Continuous collection of 100 health 0-2 years old baby.Inclusion criteria are as follows:the birth mother with no complications during pregnancy, no drinking habits,without hypoxia brain injury occurs,and developing normally,conducted by the pediatric neurology doctors clinical evaluation no abnormal neurological signs,no systemic diseases involve the nervous system.Using GE 1.5T magnetic resonance imager, 8 channel head coil,T1WI,T2WI and sagittal T1WI were performed,and the whole brain SPGR and SSFP sequence were scanned. The region of interest(ROI)was placed in the genu of the corpus callosum(ROI1),the central region of the body(ROI2)and splenium of corpus callosum(ROI3).The volume of ROI was(100 ± 20)mm3,and the myelin water fraction was calculated.Results The trajectories curve equation of the myelin water faction of the genu,body and splenium of the corpus callosum are as follows respectively:genu y=0.068 1ln(x)-0.330 6,R2=0.955 8;body y=0.062 8ln(x)-0.297 5,R2=0.937 3;splenium y=0.057 5ln(x)-0.265 2,R2=0.923 4.Conclusion The application of magnetic resonance myelin water fraction can be used to quantitatively evaluate the myelin development process.

Objective: To understand the level and current status of oral health knowledge among people aged 35-44 years in Guangdong Province and to provide a reference for oral health education in Guangdong Province. Methods: An equal-sized, stratified, multistage, random sampling design was applied to obtain representative sample groups consisting of 288 Guangdong residents aged 35-44 years in four urban areas and four rural areas with a gender ratio of one to one. According to the Guideline of the 4th National Oral Health Survey, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and a statistical analysis of the questionnaire responses related to oral health knowledge was performed. Results: In total, 288 people participated in the survey, of which 95.8 percent were aware that “Oral health is very important to their own lives, and the prevention of oral diseases depends on themselves first”, 76.0% recognized that “Regular oral examination is very necessary”, and 66.7% disagreed that “Teeth were innate and had little to do with their own protection”. The percentages of participants that agreed with the statements “Eating sugar can cause dental caries”, “Oral disease may affect general health”, “Bacteria may cause dental caries” and “Bacteria may cause gum inflammation” were 87.2%, 84.7%, 80.9%, and 80.2%, respectively. However, the rates of awareness that teeth could be protected by fluoride and by pit and fissure sealant were only 36.8% and 18.8%, respectively. Conclusion General knowledge of oral health care was relatively high among adults aged 35-44 years in Guangdong Province, but knowledge of fluoride, pit and fissure sealing and caries prevention was relatively low. Oral health education should be continuously improved, especially regarding the popularization of oral health knowledge.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) combined verapamil on no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: A total of 106 patients, who suffered from no-reflow during PCI in our department from Jan 2011 to Dec 2013, were selected.According to random number table method, patients were divided into SNP group (n=55, received SNP based on routine treatment) and combined treatment group (n=51, received verapamil based on SNP group).Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level before and 16h~18h after PCI, cardiac function indexes after 12-month follow-up, incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were measured and compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before PCI, there were significant rise in cTnI level in both groups on 16~18h after PCI, P=0.001 both;compared with SNP group, there were significant reductions in cTnI level [(1.31±0.44)μg/L vs.(0.11±0.02)μg/L] and percentage of cTnI>0.10μg/L (94.5% vs.54.9%) in combined treatment group, P=0.001 both.Compared with SNP group after 12 months, there was significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction [(62.29±3.06)% vs.(65.65±3.94)%], and significant reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension[(50.24±3.73)mm vs.(47.60±4.72)mm] and left ventricular end-systolic dimension [(33.29±2.11)mm vs.(31.00±4.33)mm] in combined treatment group, P<0.05 all.There were no significant adverse reactions during hospitalization and follow-up in both groups.Conclusion: When no-reflow occurs during PCI, intracoronary injection of SNP combined verapamil can improve cardiac function, and its safety is good, which is worth extending.