Objective To investigate the operative methods and their efficacy of the modified decompressive craniectomy in combination with indirect revascularization for the treatment of massive cerebral infarction. Methods The clinical data of 15 patients with massive cerebral infarction who underwent modified decompressive craniectomy in combination with encephaloduroarteriomyosynangiosis were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical efficacy was assessed according to the mortality, Barthel Index and modified Rankin scale. Results All the patients were followed up, and 12 patients survived 3 months after operation, of those, 4 had a good functional outcome; 11 patients survived 6 month after operation, of those, 7 had a good functional outcome. Conclusions The modified decompressive craniectomy in combination with indirect revascularization for the treatment of massive cerebral infarction could effectively treat massive cerebral infarction and increase the survival rate and life quality of patients, however, the surgical timing, surgical indications and surgical skills are needed to master accurately.

Objective To apply DNA barcoding technology for exploring its taxonomic status and differences in the molecular biology of Cricetulus barabensis in Shaanxi Province.Methods Sixty-five samples of Cricetulus barabensis were collected from Dingbian,Jingbian Counties in northern of Shaanxi and Dali County in Guanzhong plain (Dingbian 58 samples,Jingbian 2 samples,and Dali 5 samples).According to the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (CO I) sequence,the genetic distance was calculated and Neighbor-Joining tree was constructed.Results The genetic distance between two samples (13.16,13.21) and other 56 samples of Dingbian was 9.2％-10.0％.The genetic distance between the 56 samples of Dingbian and Jingbian was less than 1％ and Dali was 7.2％-8.3％;the average intraspecific genetic distance of Jingbian and Dali was less than 1％.The Neighbor-Joining tree showed that all the Cricetulus barabensis samples from the three counties were separated into two large branches.The samples of 13.16,13.21 from Dingbian together were classified into a class and the rest of the samples into another separate branch.At the same time,other samples from Dingbian except 13.16,13.21 and Jingbian were distributed in a small branch,and Dali samples were occupied another small branch.Conclusion Using the DNA barcoding technology,we have determined three subspecies of Cricetulus barabensis in Shaanxi Province,Dingbian has two kinds and Dali has a different subspecies.

Objective To apply the DNA barcoding technology for identification on host animal and to establish the host animal DNA bar code database on natural foci of plague in Shaanxi.Methods 139 host animals belonging to 3 orders,6 families and 12 genera and 62 residues belonging to 7 species from 8 different parts of the province,were detected.DNA barcoding technology was used to analyze the DNA CO Ⅰ gene sequence on the natural foci of plague in Dingbian county.Results The intra-specific genetic distance was less than 2％ while the inter-specific distance ranged from 8.9％ to 15.1％.Fourteen major clusters were apparently showed on a Neighbor-Joining tree.Residue samples could be detected regarding the objective gene.Alashan ground squirrel was previously noticed to carry 14 major clusters,which were previously mistakenly named as Citellus dauricus in Dingbian county.Conclusion DNA barcoding technology could overcome the shortcomings caused by the morphological identification so could be used to identify the host animal and residues in the natural focus of plague.

The current document is based on a consensus reached by a panel of experts from the Chinese Society of Allergy and the Chinese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Group. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects approximately 8% of Chinese adults. The inflammatory and remodeling mechanisms of CRS in the Chinese population differ from those observed in the populations of European descent. Recently, precision medicine has been used to treat inflammation by targeting key biomarkers that are involved in the process. However, there are no CRS guidelines or a consensus available from China that can be shared with the international academia. The guidelines presented in this paper cover the epidemiology, economic burden, genetics and epigenetics, mechanisms, phenotypes and endotypes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, management, and the current status of CRS in China. These guidelines—with a focus on China—will improve the abilities of clinical and medical staff during the treatment of CRS. Additionally, they will help international agencies in improving the verification of CRS endotypes, mapping of eosinophilic shifts, the identification of suitable biomarkers for endotyping, and predicting responses to therapies. In conclusion, these guidelines will help select therapies, such as pharmacotherapy, surgical approaches and innovative biotherapeutics, which are tailored to each of the individual CRS endotypes.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biomarkers ; China ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Eosinophils ; Epidemiology ; Epigenomics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; International Agencies ; Medical Staff ; Neck ; Phenotype ; Precision Medicine