Objective To prepare stable silybin oral microemulsion. Methods The formulation of the silybin oral microemulsion was optimized by the combination of surface tension measure, pseudo-ternary phase diagram drawing and orthogonal design. Results Microemulsion type was identified. Average particle diameter was measured. Distribution of silybin in microemulsion was measured by ultracentrifugation. The centrifugalization and influencing factors experiment of microemulsion were carried out,which could keep homogeneous and stable for three months on the storage condition of room temperature. Meanwhile,the influence of high-temperature and illumination was a little. Conclusion Stable oral microemulsion silybin can be prepared in this formulation, with fine-looking and desirable stability which is better for the further studies.

Objective To analyze the biophysical dosimetric characteristics and clinical application ability of VMAT technology for breast cancer post-mastectomy.Methods 28 patients with breast cancer (10 at left side and the other at right side) were planned in different ways respectively.One was two 90 degree arc VMAT plan and the other were 5 beam IMRT plan.The dosimetric parameters of two different plans including tumor control probability (TCP),conformity index(CI),homogeneity index (HI),V95and V110 in target,normal tissue complication probability (NTCP),V5,V20,V30 for ipsilateral lung,NCTP,D V25 for heart,D for the contralateral breast in OARs,MU and times were compared.Results The average tumor control probability (TCP) in VMAT and IMRT group was(96 ±2)％ and (90 ±2)％ (t =-6.28,P ＜ 0.01),respectively.The PTV dose average homogeneity index (HI) of VMAT plans was better than that of IMRT plan (0.15 ±0.04 vs 0.22 ±0.02,t =13.29,P ＜0.01).For cancer position in left side,the mean dose of heart was decreased by 433.24 cGy in the VMAT plan.The NTCP of the hearts in VMAT plans had statistically significant difference compared with IMRT plans [(1.00±0.12)％ vs (1.70±0.13)％,t =2.14,P ＜0.05].For plans of right breast cancer,the average mean dose of hearts in two control group was (3.27 ± 0.26) Gy and (6.00 ± 0.47) Gy (t =9.21,P＜0.01).The total monitor unit (MU) was 530.7 in the VMAT arm and 693.9 in the IMRT arm (t =9.58,P ＜0.01).The treatment time was shorter in VMAT arm (t =8.40,P ＜0.05).Conclusions VMAT plans have better clinical value and more superior biophysical dosimetric characteristics for breast cancer post-mastectomy.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the curative effect and adverse effects of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxoruhicin and prednisone(R-CHOP) chemotherapy and CHOP chemotherapy alone on the treatment for low and moderate malignant B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods By the application of the systematic review method of Cochrance International Collaboration, the world-wide randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the comparison between different curative effects of R-CHOP and CHOP chemotherapy alone on the treatment low and moderate malignant B cell NHL was collected and the study results was evaluated systematically. Results Seven RCT studies involving 1569 patients and had no heterogeneity between themselves (χ=5.31,P=0.50). The baseline of patients characteristics was comparable in all the studies. By comparing complete response (CR) rate and adverse effects through fixed effect analysis model, the results showed that R-CHOP was better than CHOP chemotherapy on the treatment for low and moderate malignant B cell NHL(OR =2.22, 95 %CI 1.72-2.85, P ＜0.000 01), and adverse events of R-CHOP had no significant difference compared with CHOP chemotherapy alone (P＞0.05). Conclusion With good curative effect on the treatment low and moderate malignant B cell NHL and without obvious differences from the CHOP chemotherapy alone in adverse effects, R-CHOP chemotherapy should be recommended as the best treatment method for low and moderate malignant B cell NHL And much more well-designed clinical RCT should be made to further prove its clinical effect.

Objective: To compare the irradiated dose to unprotected lymph node stations (LNS) between volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 5-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (5F-IMRT) in the treatment of patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 20 patients were selected for re-planning. LNS were not included in the GTV and CTV, instead, LNS were contoured as normal tissues. However, LNS were not constrained in the VMAT and 5F-IMRT inverse optimization for protection. Dosimetric parameters of conformal index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) of targets, V₉₅, V₁₁₀ of planning target volume (PTV), D_mean, V₅, V₂₀, V₃₀ of lung, D_mean, V₂₅ of heart, D_max of spinal cord, MU, as well as the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and V₄₀ of LNS were compared between the two plans. Results: 5F-IMRT was superior in PTV_V_95% (t=-9.4, P<0.05), but worse in terms of CI (t=-5.3, P<0.05) compared with VMAT. 5F-IMRT reduced the V₅ of lung by 10.9% (t=-7.8, P<0.05) and the D_max of spinal cord by 9% (t=-10.2, P<0.05), but increased the MU (t=-6.2, P<0.05) compared with VMAT. The average EUD and V₄₀ of LNS in upper thoracic were significantly increased by 4.7% and 2.4% in 5F-IMRT compared with VMAT, respectively. The irradiated doses to LNS were significantly associated with the volume of PTV (R=0.716-0.933, P<0.05) expect for 106tbL. Conclusions The irradiated doses to unprotected LNS were less for IMRT plans and were highly associated with PTV volume in patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer.

Carotid Body Tumor ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Pressoreceptors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) may induce structural changes of neurons in hippocampus from infantile rats and if the changes are reversible. METHODS: All 27 healthy SD infantile rats were exposed to HBO (0.25 MPa) or hyperbaric air (HBA) for 1 to 3 courses (10 days as 1 course). The hippocampus was taken at the end of each course to observe its morphology b y light microscope and electron microscope. RESULTS: HBO exposure induced capillary dilation, nuclear membr ane winding or blurring and some mitochondria swelling with its crista blurring i n neurons. The changes occurred after 1 course exposure and became significant w ith time. Most of the changes recovered 20 days after stopping exposure. No chan ge was found after HBA exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term HBO exposure can cause capillary dilati on and ultrastructural injury of neurons in hippocampus from infantile rats. The damage is not serious, but reversible.

A recently identified protein, FAN1 (FANCD2-associated nuclease 1, previously known as KIAA1018), is a novel nuclease associated with monoubiquitinated FANCD2 that is required for cellular resistance against DNA interstrand crosslinking (ICL) agents. The mechanisms of FAN1 regulation have not yet been explored. Here, we provide evidence that FAN1 is degraded during mitotic exit, suggesting that FAN1 may be a mitotic substrate of the anaphase-promoting cyclosome complex (APC/C). Indeed, Cdh1, but not Cdc20, was capable of regulating the protein level of FAN1 through the KEN box and the D-box. Moreover, the up- and down-regulation of FAN1 affected the progression to mitotic exit. Collectively, these data suggest that FAN1 may be a new mitotic substrate of APC/CCdh1 that plays a key role during mitotic exit.
Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cadherins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cdc20 Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; genetics ; metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mitosis ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of techniques of precise liver surgery for donor hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation.

METHODSEighty-nine donors aged from 19 to 57 years were performed by the same surgical team from June 2006 to December 2013 in Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital.Individualized surgical program were developed according to preoperative imaging examination and hepatic functional reserve examination. The evaluation included liver function, liver volume, vascular anatomy and bile duct anatomy. According to the results after the operation, preoperative evaluation accuracy, postoperative donor liver function and postoperative complications were analyzed. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the difference of graft volume by two-dimensional, three-dimensional calculation method and actual postoperative graft weight. Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis were used to verify the correlation between the estimated graft volume each method and actual graft postoperative weight.

RESULTSAll the 89 cases operation protocol as following, there were 5 cases with left lateral lobe graft, 10 cases with left lobe liver graft, 74 cases with right lobe graft. There were 59 cases with middle hepatic vein (MHV) harvested, and 30 cases without MHV. The mean graft volume by two-dimensional, three-dimensional calculation method and actual postoperative graft weight were (656.2±134.1) ml, (631.7±143.2) ml and (614.5±137.7) ml respectively. ANOVA analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant difference in the three methods (P>0.05). Compared to the actual postoperative graft weight, the average error rate of the two methods were 7.9% and 5.3% respectively. Pearson correlation test showed the graft volume calculated by two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods had a significantly positive correlation with actual graft weight (r=0.821, 0.890, P<0.01) and linear regression analyze showed the R2 were 0.674 and 0.792, respectively. The accuracy rate of preoperative evaluation about portal vein, hepatic vein, hepatic artery and bile duct were 100%, 100%, 97.8% and 95.5%, respectively. The preoperative plan and postoperative practical scheme coincidence rate was 95.5%. Overall donor complication rate was 7.4%. All donors were alive. Sixteen donors received right lobe hepatectomy with gallbladder preserved had a good liver function and gallbladder function.

CONCLUSIONThrough the precise preoperative evaluation, surgical planning, fine operation and excellent postoperative management, precise liver surgery technique can ensure the safety of donor in living donor liver transplantation.

Adult ; Bile Ducts ; Body Weight ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Hepatic Artery ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Living Donors ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Young Adult