Objective To investigate the change of serum von willebrand factor(vWF)level in the different stages of diabetic nephropathy and its significance. Methods 50 healthy subjects and 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. Diabetic patients were further divided into three subgroups according to their urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER): 56 patients with normal UAER,49 patients with microalbuminuria and 45 patients with clinical proteinuria. Serum vWF concentration was measured with emzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results vWF concentration was significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than that in normal controls. Serum vWF concentration increased with the elevation of UAER. Serum vWF level was positively related with UAER, blood creatine and course of disease independently. Conclusion Serum vWF concentration increased in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the increased extent of vWF was consistent with the severe degree of diabetic nephropathy.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of fluvastatin and its influence on ICAM-1 mRNA expression in ischemia/reperfusion myocardium of normocholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS: 24 rabbits were divided into three groups randomly and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model in the rabbit was made. Rabbits were subjected to 45 min of regional myocardial ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion. 10 mg?kg~ -1 ?d~ -1 fluvastatin were administered for one week. Dynamic index of blood flow was recorded and analyzed. Serum activity of CK, CKMB, LDH and LDH-1 were measured. The expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in ischemic myocardium was detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: In comparison with control group, pretreatment with fluvastatin decreased LVEDP at the whole observed duration, and spontaneously increased ?dp/dt_ max . Serum activities of CK, CKMB and LDH-1 in control group were significantly higher than those in sham group, but heavily reduced in fluvastatin group. Increased expression of ICAM-1 mRNA due to ischemia reperfusion was reduced significantly in fluvastatin group compare to control group. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment of fluvastatin may reduce inflammation reaction in reperfused myocardium, and this may contribute to its protective effect against experimental myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of different dosage of fluvastatin on the prevention of heart muscle ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits.Method Thirty-five rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups with 7 rabbits in each: sham group,myocardial ischemia reperfusion control group,low dosage of fluvastatin pretreatment group (2 mg/kg,Group F1),middle dosage of fluvastatin pretreatment group(5 mg/kg,Group F2) and large dosage of fluvastatin pretreatment group(20 mg/kg,Group F3).The left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),the max rate of rise of left ventricular pressure(?dp/dt_(-max)) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP) were detected during the experiment.At the end of reperfusion,the infarct size and area at risk were defined by Evans blue and TTC staining,and the levels of myocardial nitrogen monoxidum(NO) and nitricoxide synthase(NOS) were measured.Result Compared with the ischemia reperfusion group,the indexes of heart function improved significantly,the level of myocardial NO was increased significantly and the myocardial infarct size was decreased significantly in the groups F2 and F3.There was no significant difference between the group F1 and ischemia reperfusion group.Conclusion Fluvastatin exerts a cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits.NO is likely involved in this protective mechanism.

AIM: To investigate the effects of fluvas-tatin on expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits with hyper-lipidemia. METHODS: 30 rabbits which were gastric perfusion administered intralipid were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n - 10 in each) : IR ( ischemia-reperfusion) group, S (sham-operation) group and F (fluvastatin 10 mg?kg-1 ) group. Electrocardiography and cardiac function were recorded during the experiment. At the end of reperfusion, ischemic area and infarct size were defined by Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The expression of ICAM-1 in myocardium was measuredby RT-PCR. RESULTS: After ischemia-reperfusion, the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in myocardial and infarct size decreased and cardiac function significantly improved in F group compared with IR group. CONCLUSION: The increase of expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in myocardial may be one of the important factors in inducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The myocardial protective mechanism of fluvastatin maybe attribute to its effect on decreasing the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA in myocardial .

Objective To establish and optimize the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technical platform for the blood serum proteome research in patients with end stage renal disease(ESRD).Methods Immobiline pH gradients isoelectric focusing was used as the first dimensional gel electrophoresis and the vertical SDS-PAGE was used as the second dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).The 4 differentially expressed protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry.Results Satisfactory 2-DE maps of ESRD patients serum protein were obtained and there were some differentially protein spots between the 2-DE maps of ESRD patients and normal controls.Conclusions The 2-DE technology for the serum proteome of ESRD patients is set up.

Objective To investigate the long-term effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitor,oxypurinol on myocardial contractility of post-ischemic heart failure in mice,and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods One hundred and twenty SV120 mice were randomly assigned into myocardial infarction control group,sham operation group and Oxy treatment group.Post-ischemic heart failure were induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in myocardial infarction control group and Oxy treatment group,and mice in Oxy treatment group and sham operation group were orally administered with 0.5 mmol/L Oxy each day.Nine to eleven months after treatment,echocardiography was performed in all groups.Trabeculae from the right ventricle of mice were dissected for assessment of changes in excitation-contraction coupling.Sarcomere length was measured by laser diffraction.Intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration([Ca~(2+)]_I)was detected with fluorescent dye Fura-2,which was microinjected iontophoretically into cells. Steady-state force-[Ca~(2+)]_I was achieved by addition of ryanodine and increasing the stimulus frequency to induce tetanization,and the relationship between myocardial contractility and intracellular Ca~(2+) transients was analysed.Besides,Western blotting was performed to determine the oxidation of myofilament proteins. Results Long-term oral administration of oxypurinol significantly improved myocardial contraction function and reduced ventricular wall thickness.Programming of excitation-contraction coupling was significantly improved,and maximal Ca~(2+) activated force(F_(max))in steady-state wag also significantly increased.Western blotting revealed the oxidative modification of actin in mice of Oxy treatment group was significantly inhibited compared with that of myocardial infarction control group. Conclusion Long-term treatment with Oxy improves the cardiac contraction function and boosts the cardiac force dramatically in post-ischemia heart failure.The increase in contraction is the result of increased myofilament Ca~(2+) responsiveness.Thus,antioxidant oxypurinol,by preventing oxidative damage to contractile proteins,can augment contraction with little changes in[Ca~(2+)]_I,represents new class of inotropic agents with advantages of reducing Ca~(2+) overload,and offers new promises in management of heart failure in the future.

Objective To analyze the changes in the protein expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from SLE patients and healthy controls, then mononuclear cells were isolated and the total protein was extracted by one-step method. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed and then stained with silver. Protein maps were analyzed and differentially expressed protein spots were detected using ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0 software. Results Match rates of (71±4)% and (72±4)% was obtained from gels from controls and pati-ents respectively. 791±17 spots were detected from control gels and 781±17 from patient gels. Eleven protein spots were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated in SLE patients. Five proteins were identified by MS analysis, some of which had previously been shown to play a potential role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Conclusion There are significant changes in the protein expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. This study could be used as a preliminary work for better understanding of the pathogenesis and immune regulation pathways of SLE from an integrated lymphocyte protein profile perspective.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of rectally administered indomethacin for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP).Methods All eligible patients without high risk factors such as heart,lung,liver and kidney,coagulation dysfunction,without malignant disease and contraindication for NSAIDs,and pre-operative imaging study and lab test suggesting no pancreatitis,aged from 18 ～ 75 who underwent ERCP and EST were enrolled.In a randomized prospective trial,patients were randomized to receive a suppository containing indomethacin,100 mg,or an identical placebo 30 minutes after ERCP.PEP was diagnosed when there was pancreatitis related clinical symptoms,and serum amylase was higher than 3 times of the normal values,and when the patient needed more than 1 day hospitalization.Patients with PEP were evaluated with APACHE Ⅱ score 72 hours after ERCP.Results During 2004 ～ 2010,a total of 348 patients were enrolled,of which 182 received indomethacin and 166 received placebo.Six patients developed pancreatitis in the indomethacin group and 14 in the placebo group (3.3％ vs.8.4％,P ＜0.05),and the difference between the two group was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In those patients with PEP,the APACHE Ⅱ scores in indomethacin group (4.3 ± 1.3 ) were lower than that in the placebo group (7.4 ±1.7),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The incidence of hyperamylasemia in both groups was not statistically significant (9.3％ vs.10.8％,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions This trial shows that rectally administered indomethacin after ERCP and EST can effectively reduce the incidence and severity of PEP.

The different sera proteomic components between uremia patients and normal subjects were studied through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique. Immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE), silver staining, ImageMaster 2D 5.0 analysis software, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS) and IPI human database searching were used to separate and identify the proteome of the sera from the patients with uremia. The results showed that satisfactory 2DE patterns of the serum proteins were obtained. Twenty-six protein spots showed significant difference in quantity in uremia patients, and 20 protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS. It was concluded that good reproducibility could be obtained by applying immobilized pH gradient 2DE to separate and identify the proteome in serum, which provided the foundation for the further study on uremia toxins pertaining to protein.
Blood Protein Electrophoresis ; Blood Proteins/*analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; *Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/methods ; Proteome/*analysis ; Proteome/chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/*methods ; Uremia/*blood

Objective To identify the imaging performance and differences between type] and type Ⅱ papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC).Methods Data of 21 lesions of type Ⅰ,27 lesions of type Ⅱ (1 patient had 2 lesions) in 47 patients was retrospectively analyxed.All patients with pathologically proven PRCC were examined by contrast CT or MRI preoperatively.The morphological features,outside invasion signs and performance on contrast-enhanced CT were compared by qualitative and quantitative studies.The maximum diameter of tumors and CT values,△CT values in corticomedullary and nephrographic phase were analyzed by two-sample t-test,classified variable were compared by the Pearson X2 test or the Fisher exact test.Results On morphological behaviors,type Ⅱ PRCC were significantly larger than type Ⅰ PRCC (t =-2.604,P =0.013),more heterogeneous (X2 =14.928,P =0.000),greater probability to show cystic degeneration or necrosis (X2 =5.598,P =0.018) with more severity (X2 =4.769,P =0.029).There was no significant difference in hemorrhage and calcification between the two types observed by contrast-enhanced CT.Respectively,66.7 ％ of type Ⅱ PRCC and 23.8％ of type Ⅰ PRCC had papillary nodule,with obviously significant difference (X2 =8.694,P =0.003).In outside invasion signs,except for margins,type Ⅱ had more easily invaded peripheral fat,renal sinus and distant metastasis compared with type Ⅰ (P＜0.05).On contrast enhanced CT,there were significant differences in CT values and △CT values in corticomedullary phase between the two types (t =-2.674,P =0.012;t =-3.109,P =0.005).And there were no significant difference in unenhanced and nephrographic phase.Conclusions There were certain difference in morphological features,outside invasion signs and enhancement degree between type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ PRCC,and part of type Ⅱ PRCC had aggressive biological behaviors with worse prognosis.