Objective:In order to find a possible relationship between the polymorphism of HLA A,DRB1 allele and susceptibility to cirrhosis due to hepatitis B.Methods:HLA A,DRB1 allele polymorphism in 61 patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis B were analyzed by DNA chip,146 healthy subjects as control group were also tested.Results:The most frequent alleles were HLA A02,11,24 for HLA A locus and HLA DRB112,09,04 for HLA DRB1 locus in control group respectively,the significantly increased frequencies of HLA A02(43 4% vs 29 1%,OR:1 87,P=0 005,95% CI:1 21 2 89)与HLA DRB107(13 9% vs 5 1%,OR:3 00,P=0 002,95% CI:1 48 6 07)、HLA DRB108(16 4% vs 6 8%,OR:2 67,P=0 003,95% CI:1 40 5 08)、HLA DRB111(12 3% vs 5 8%,OR:2 27,P=0 025,95% CI:1 11 4 64) were found in cirrhosis patients due to hepatitis B compared to the control group,the homozygotes of HLA A02 showed a tendency to increase in cirrhosis patients,but failed to reach statistical significance.Conclusion:HLA A02 and HLA DRB107、08、11 may be susceptibility genes for cirrhosis due to hepatitis B. [

Background: Chronic hepatitis C is one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease with a high incidence rate, amounting to a grave and serious problem of public health. Currently, interferon-based (with or without ribavirin) antiviral therapy has limited use due to its stringent indications, possible contraindications and side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may have advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and it is of significant value to discover the advantages. Through this research, a safe and effective treatment protocol of TCM or integrated TCM and Western medicine for chronic hepatitis C can be formed. To this end, during China's Eleventh Five-Year Plan, special research projects on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), viral hepatitis and the other major infectious diseases were established. Our studies on chronic hepatitis C constitute one of the major special research topics. Methods and design: Clinical information of patients with chronic hepatitis C will be first collected in a large, multicenter epidemiological survey. Positive symptoms will be analyzed by rapid cluster analysis, principal constituent analysis and factor analysis, and syndrome types will be diagnosed based on expert advice. Concurrently, a large, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group prospective study will be launched based on evidence-based medical principles to evaluate the effects and safety of the treatment protocol for chronic hepatitis C. The evaluated indexes will include the normalization rate of liver function, virological improvement and quality of life improvement for the short-term efficacy and the incidence of liver cirrhosis and (or) primary liver cancer and mortality for the long-term efficacy. Discussion: This study will investigate the TCM syndrome differentiation norms and the syndrome distribution rules of chronic hepatitis C and evaluate the efficacy and safety of a treatment protocol for chronic hepatitis C based on TCM theory or combined treatment of TCM and Western medicine. The study results will be helpful to developing a TCM treatment program for chronic hepatitis C. Trial registration: The research program was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in English and Chinese in January 2010. Registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-10000770.

Objective To observe the effect of magnetic attachments application on oral denture restoration .Methods A to-tal of 50 patients with overdenture restoration treatment in this department from April 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled .Abutment tooth were given magnetic attachments restoration after preparations .The masticatory efficiency ,patient satisfaction and post-resto-ration complication were observed and recorded .Results The immediate masticatory efficiency after magnetic attachments restora-tion (0 .65 ± 0 .09) was significant higher than that before restoration(0 .22 ± 0 .04) ,t= 20 .812 ,P< 0 .05 .After one-year′s magnetic attachments restoration ,masticatory efficiency(0 .71 ± 0 .13) was higher than that before restoration(t = 25 .060 ,P< 0 .05) .There was no statistic difference in magnetic attachments restoration between immediate masticatory efficiency and one-year masticatory efficiency(t= 0 .018 ,P> 0 .05) .There were 49 cases of immediate satisfaction and 1 case of satisfactory after restoration ,the patient satisfaction rate was 100% ,it was significant higher than that of before restoration(46% ) ,χ2 = 31 .815 ,P< 0 .05 .There were 45 ca-ses of satisfaction and 5 case of satisfactory after restoration ,the patient satisfaction rate was 100% ,it was significant higher than that of before restoration (χ2 = 31 .815 ,P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The masticatory efficiency could be improved significantly by mag-netic attachments to restore denture depletion or dentition defect ,compare with traditional denture ,it can significant shorten adapt time for patients ,and it can enhance patient satisfaction .It has wide prospect for future clinical application .

PurposeTo investigate the accuracy of18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis of lung cancer and in guiding surgery. Materials and Methods Seventy-eight pathology-proven lung cancer patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning and surgery. Histology was used as gold standard to evaluate the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis.18F-FDG PET/CT was also compared to chest CT.Results The pathological examination confirmed metastasis lymph nodes in 105 out of 231 excised lymph nodes in 18 patients. No lymph node metastasis was found in mediastinum in the other 60 patients with lymph node staging of pN0. Lymph node staging was pN1 in 5 patients, pN2 in 11 patients, and pN3 in 2 patients. In all 78 cases, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of18F-FDG PET/CT were 80.9%, 94.7%, 91.0%, 85.0%, 93.1%; while 61.1%, 71.7%, 69.2%, 39.2%, 86.0% on chest CT. These were statistically different (χ2=4.325,P<0.05).Conclusion PET/CT is superior to plain chest CT examination as an accurate and efficient method in evaluating lymph nodes staging of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that bone morphogenetic proteins play a key role in skeletal development. Platelet-rich plasma alone in animal or clinical trials cannot significantly promote bone graft healing.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the osteogenesis effect of bone morphogenetic protein-4 compounded with platelet-rich plasma the bone defect area.
METHODTwenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were selected to establish maxil ary bone defect models, and then were randomly divided into four groups, six rats in each group. Group A was blank control group;Group B wasβ-tricalcium phosphate (0.1 g)+Bio-gide group;group C wasβ-tricalcium phosphate (0.1 g)+Bio-gide+platelet-rich plasma (1 mL) group;and group D wasβ-tricalcium phosphate (0.1 g)+Bio-gide+platelet-rich plasma (1 mL)+bone morphogenetic protein-4 (5μg). Gross observation, histological observation and imaging analysis were performed for analysis of new bone formation at weeks 4, 8, 12 after modeling.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 4 weeks, group D had more new bone and vessels formed in the bone defect area than the group B (P<0.01);however, the amount of new bone was higher in the group B than the group A (P<0.01). After 4, 8, 12 weeks, the amount of new bone in the bone defect area was higher in the group D than the groups B and C (P<0.01), and lowest in the group A (P<0.01). In theβ-tricalcium phosphate scaffold, platelet-rich plasma combined with bone morphogenetic protein can significantly promote the healing of bone defects.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the portal hemodynamics or the indices of liver fibrosis and the liver function score in patients with different traditional Chinese medical syndromes of liver cirrhosis. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven cases of liver cirrhosis with different syndromes were included in the study. Diameters and blood flow velocities of the portal vein and splenic vein were tested by color Doppler sonarography. The indices of liver function (TBIL, ALT, AST, Alb, Glb, PTA) and the indices of hepatic fibrosis (HA, PC-III, LN, VI-C) were tested. RESULTS: The diameters of portal vein in liver cirrhosis patients with different syndromes (internal accumulation of of damp-heat, stagnation of liver-qi, superabundance of dampness due to spleen-asthenia, asthenia of liver and kidney yin, asthenia of spleen and kidney yang, blood stasis) were not significantly different. The blood flow velocities and flow volumes of portal vein in patients with the blood stasis syndrome and the internal accumulation of damp-heat syndrome were significantly different (P < 0.05). The diameter of splenic vein in patients with the internal accumulation of damp-heat syndrome was significantly different to that of the asthenia of liver and kidney yin syndrome, or the blood stasis syndrome, or the asthenia of spleen and kidney yang syndrome, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The blood flow velocity of splenic vein in patients with the blood stasis syndrome or the asthenia of spleen and kidney yang syndrome was significantly different to that of the internal accumulation of damp-heat syndrome, or the stagnation of liver-qi syndrome, or the asthenia of liver and kidney yin syndrome, respectively (P < 0.01). The blood flow volume of splenic vein in patients with the internal accumulation of damp-heat syndrome was significantly different to that of the asthenia of liver and kidney yin syndrome, or the asthenia of spleen and kidney yang syndrome, or the blood stasis syndrome, respectively (P < 0.01). The liver cirrhosis indices HA and PC-III in patients with the asthenia of liver and kidney yin syndrome were significantly different to those of the internal accumulation of damp-heat syndrome (P < 0.05). In Child-Pugh classification, the incidence of Child-Pugh C was the highest in the asthenia of spleen and kidney yang syndrome, while the incidence of Child-Pugh A was the highest in the stagnation of liver qi syndrome. CONCLUSION: The changes of portal vein dynamics in liver cirrhosis patients with the asthenia of liver and kidney yin syndrome, or the asthenia of spleen and kidney yang syndrome, or the blood stasis syndrome are significantly different to those of the internal accumulation of damp-heat syndrome and the stagnation of liver-qi syndrome.

The present study was to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin hydrochloride in 20 Chinese healthy volunteers with a limited sampling strategy (LSS), which will provide scientific data for bioequivalence and clinical application. A single dose of metformin was administrated to 20 healthy volunteers. The concentration of metformin in whole blood was determined by validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Multi-linear regression analysis was performed to establish a model to estimate AUC(0-24 h) and Cmax of metformin by LSS method. The LSS models were validated by the Jackknife method. The result indicated: the linearity relationship between AUC(0-24 h) or Cmax and single concentration point was poor. Several models for metformin AUC(0-24 h) or Cmax, estimation were better (r2 > 0.9, P < 0.05). Validation tests indicated that most informative sampling points (C2, C6 for AUC(0-24 h), C1.5, C2 for Cmax) provided accurate estimations of these parameters. So, a multi-linear regression model for estimation pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin by using LSS method is feasible.

Objective To observe the effect of pentoxifylline(PTX),albendazole(ABZ),and a combination of PTX and ABZ in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis(E.M).Methods The first part of the experiment was to observe the in vitro effect of PTX on the cultured E.M protoscolex.In the second part,mice were infected by abdominal inoculation of E.M and divided into groups given by ABZ 50 mg/kg?d,PTX 360 mg/kg?d,PTX 180mg/kg?d,and a combined regimen ABZ 50 mg/(kg?d)+PTX 180 mg/(kg?d).Another infected group and a uninfected group served as controls which received normal saline only.100 days post-treatment,the mice were sacrificed for further observation.Indicators included wet weight of the cyst,cyst inhibition rate,level of serum cytokines TGF-? determined by ELISA,IL-2 and IL-10 determined by radio-immunoassay(RIA).Results The inhibition rate on cysts of the combined ABZ and PTX was 88%,considerably higher than 58 % of the group ABZ.The serum TGF-? and IL-10 decreased and IL-2 increased after treatment in comparison to the controls.Conclusion The PTX and ABZ combination shows better effect on E.multilocularis infection than that of single ABZ.PTX might help increase immunity of the mice.

Objective To investigate the role of IL-28B gene on the antiviral curative effect in the patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods 205 HBeAg-positive patients treated with the antiviral therapy of pegylation interferon(PEG-IFN)were detected the IL-28B rs12980275 and rs12979860 genotypes by TapManSNP genotyping assay and the relationship between the IL-28B genotypes and HbeAg seroconversion at end of treatment was analyzed.Results Among 205 cases,6 cases of genotype were uncertainty,the frequencies of IL-28B genotypes in other 199 cases were 77%,19%,5% for AA,AG,GG genotypes at rs12980275 and 76%,20%, 4%,for CC/CT/TT genotypes at rs12979860 respectively.The IL-28B polymorphisms were significantly correlated with the HbeAg seroconversion at the end of PEG-IFN treatment (P =0.001).In rs12979860 genotype,by the HBV genotyp,age,HBV lev-el,ALT and the combined therapy,the odds ratio (OR)of AA versus AG/GG was adjusted to 3.16 by HbeAg seroconversion.The similar result also obtained for the rs12980275 genotype.The IL-28B genotype was also associated with the HBsAg clearance.Con-clusion The IL-28B gene polymorphism is associated with the antiviral curative effect in the patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B.

AIM: To explore the treatment of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy(SHE) by traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Sixty patients with SHE were randomized into two groups: treatment group with 30 cases treated by Qingkai Granule and control group with another 30 cases treated by lactulose.They were all treated for two weeks.The evoked potentials(Eps) were measured,moreover,number connection test(NCT) and digit symbol test(DST) were conducted. RESULTS: In treatment group,the period for NCT was shorter and the DST also improved apparently;peak latency(PL) and interpeak latency(IPL) of SEP and AEPs were shorter to different degrees,with significant differences among groups. CONCLUSION: Qingkai Granule acts to effectively increase the learning,memory and space cognitive capacities in patients,and improves the nerve electrophysiology in patients.