Objective To study the expressions and clinical significances of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in breast carcinoma tissues.Methods The expressions of ATF3 and Runx2 were detected in 105 cases of primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and their matched para-tumor breast tissues by immunohistochemistry.The relationships between the two transcription factors and the clinical pathological features of IDC patients were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of ATF3 and Runx2 in IDC group were 80.95％ (85/105) and 69.52％ (73/105) respectively,much higher than those in para-tumor breast tissues 11.43 ％ (12/105) and 8.57％ (9/105),with statistically significant differences (x2 =102.097,P =0.000;x2 =11.595,P =0.001).ATF3 and Runx2 expressions showed significant relationships with histological grade (x2 =14.623,P =0.001;x2 =24.891,P =0.000),lymph node metastasis (x2 =7.059,P =0.008;x2 =6.358,P =0.012) and pTNM stage of IDC (x2 =5.807,P =0.016;x2 =4.902,P =0.027),while both were not correlated with patients' age (x2 =0.274,P =0.601;x2 =1.554,P =0.213) and tumor size (x2 =2.476,P =0.290;x2 =5.261,P =0.072).There was a significant positive relationship between ATF3 and Runx2 in breast carcinoma (C =0.498,P =0.000).Conclusion The over-expressions of ATF3 and Runx2 may participate in the tumorigenesis,invasion,metastasis and clinical stage of breast carcinoma,which suggests that they may be key factors to evaluate malignant degree and prognosis of breast carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of bone marrow stem cell mobilized by stem cell factor (SCF) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)on renal peritubular capillary, fibrosis and renal function in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. Methods One hundred and twenty eight healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham group, SCF-G group, UUO group and UUO+SCF-G group. Eight rats of each group were randomly selected and killed on the 5th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. Serum creatinine, CD34 positive cells and factor Ⅷ positive cells in renal interstitium, histopathologic lesion scores of interstitial fibrosis and interstitial pathology in kidney were measured. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the renal cortex was detected. Results (1) The renal interstitial fibrosis anti the loss of peritubular capillary were observed in UUO group after two weeks. (2) The number of bone marrow stem cells homing to renal interstitium in UUO +SCF-G group was significantly higher than that in UUO and Sham groups (P<0.05). (3) The loss of peritubular capillary in UUO+SCF-G group appeared later than that in UUO group (P<0.05). (4) The interstitial fibrosis and tubule injury was milder in UUO+SCF-G group than that in UUO group (P<0.05). (5) The decrease of VEGF mRNA expression of renal cortex in UUO +SCF-G group was seen later than that in UUO group. VEGF mRNA expression in UUO+SCF-G group was higher than that in UUO group. (6) The increase of TSP-1 mRNA expression of renal cortex in UUO+SCF-G group was seen later than that in UUO group. TSP-1 mRNA expression in UUO+SCF-G group was lower than that in UUO group (P<0.05). (7) In UUO and UUO+SCF-G groups, peritubular capillary index was negatively correlated with serum creatinine, interstitial fibrosis and interstitial lesion scores. VEGF mRNA expression of renal cortex was positively correlated with peritubular capillary index, and TSP-1 mRNA expression of renal cortex was positively correlated with peritubular capillary index. Conclusions (1)The loss of peritubular capillary is found in UUO group, and is correlated with interstitial fibrosis and interstitial lesion. (2) Application of SCF with G-CSF can effectively motivate stem cells to injured renal tissue, contribute to decrease the loss of peritubular capillary, lessen interstitial fibrosis and interstitial lesion, and ameliorate renal function. (3) Application of SCF with G-CSF can up-regulate VEGF mRNA expression and down-regulate TSP-1 mRNA expression, which may contribute to promote the repair of endothelial cells and protect peritubular capillary.

Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is one of the common glomerular diseases in children.Glomerular disease treatment by anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibodies is currently a hot topic.There are three generations of anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibodies.As a representative of the first generation of anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibodies, Rituximab (RTX) has been proven effective in treating children with steroid-dependent/frequent-relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS). Ofatumumab (OFA) and Obinutuzumab (OBI) represent the second-and the third-generation anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibodies, respectively.OFA and OBI have showed good efficacy and safety in pediatric PNS.In this paper, clinical studies and applications of anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of children with PNS were reviewed, so as to provide a reference for the treatment of PNS in children.

Objective: To explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of synovial chondroma in the temporomandibular joint and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods : A case of right temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis admitted to the Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University was reported, and the related literature was reviewed and analyzed. Results : During the movement of the mandibular opening, noise and obvious pain were found. The imaging features showed that several free calcification shadows of different sizes were seen around the condyle in the right articular fossa. The right temporomandibular joint mass resection and articular disc reduction were performed under general anesthesia, and the postoperative pathological results showed synovial chondromatosis. The patient′s symptoms were relieved 3 months after the surgery, and the imaging examination showed no residual lesions. A review of the literature shows that synovial chondromatosis usually occurs in large joints, such as the knee, hip, elbow, and shoulder joints, and rarely occurs in the temporomandibular joint. It occurs in middle-aged patients, manifesting as pain, swelling, and limited movement. Imaging studies play an important role in diagnosis, but the final diagnosis requires pathological diagnosis. Surgical treatment is effective, and synovial chondromatosis does not easily relapse. Conclusion The diagnosis of TMJ synovial chondroma should be combined with clinical manifestations, imaging features, and pathological examination. Surgery is an effective treatment. After completely removing the diseased and affected tissues, the disease has a good prognosis and does not easily relapse.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in children, and to investigate the factors influencing their prognosis.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 128 children with IMN hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into 2 groups according to the pathological manifestations: group A[typical membranous nephropathy(MN) group] and group B (atypical MN group), and the clinicopathological characteristics of the 2 groups were compared.Different treatment regimens and their efficacy were summarized, and the prognosis and its influencing factors were analyzed.The primary endpoint event at follow-up was the occurrence of end stage renal disease (ESRD), and the secondary endpoint event was the occurrence of renal insufficiency.Children with IMN were further divided into endpoint event group and non-endpoint event group according to the presence or absence of endpoint events at the last follow-up.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve method.The Cox proportional risk model method was used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of poor kidney outcomes in children with IMN. Results:(1)A total of 128 children were included, with the male-to-female ratio of 1.13∶1.00.The median age of onset and peak age of onset were 13.0 (10.3, 15.0) years, and 12-16 years (68.8%), respectively.Massive proteinuria was detected in 119 cases (93.0%), including 103 cases (80.5%) with massive proteinuria and hematuria, 4 cases(3.1%) with simple hematuria, and 5 cases (3.9%) with non-renal proteinuria.There were 29 cases (22.7%) in group A and 99 cases (77.3%) in group B. (2)Blood triacylglycerol level was significantly higher in group B than that of group A[2.1 (1.5, 3.0) mmol/L vs.1.7(1.1, 2.5) mmol/L], while high-density lipoprotein[1.5(1.1, 1.8) mmol/L vs.1.8(1.4, 2.1) mmol/L], serum albumin[22.0(17.0, 27.3) g/L vs.25.5 (21.0, 32.5) g/L] and complement C3[(1.1±0.2) g/L vs.(1.2±0.2) g/L] were significantly lower in group B than those of group A (all P<0.05). (3)Complete clinical data during hospitalization and follow-up data were obtained from 91 children with IMN, with a median follow-up time of 87.0 (49.0, 104.5) months.Among them, 5 cases (5.5%) progressed to ESRD, involving 3 cases received renal transplantation, and 9 cases (9.9%) had secondary endpoints.Cumulative renal survival rate for ESRD at 5 and 10 years were 96.2% and 92.9%, respectively, which, for the secondary endpoints at 5 and 10 years were 95.2% and 84.8%, respectively.(4)Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference in the cumulative renal survival between group A and group B ( P>0.05). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis was an independent risk factor for renal insufficiency in children with IMN ( HR=0.102, 95% CI: 0.011-0.940, P<0.05). Conclusions:Massive proteinuria combined with hematuria is the major clinical manifestation of IMN in children, and atypical MN is the major pathological manifestation.Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis is an independent risk factor for renal insufficiency in children with IMN.