Objective To systematically summarize the effects of mirror therapy on upper extremity motor function and activities of dai-ly living after stroke. Methods The literatures about mirror therapy published between January, 2006 and May, 2016 were recalled from Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, OT seeker, PEDro, Wanfang and CNKI databases. The randomized control trials were included, and those didn't concern upper extremity motor function and activities of daily living were excluded. The data were extracted and analysed with Rev-Man 5.3. Results Fourteen trials were included. Mirror therapy could significantly improve Fugl-Meyer Assessment score (SMD=0.81, 95%CI=0.43-1.20, P<0.001, I2=64%). Subgroups analysis indicated movement based mirror therapy was more effective on mild to moderate hemiplegia (SMD=0.96, 95%CI=0.59~1.34, P<0.001, I2=51%) and the subgroup differences were also significant (P=0.004). Mirror therapy could improve score of Action Research Arm Test (SMD=0.33, 95%CI=0.01-0.64, P=0.040, I2=0), Box and Block Test (SMD=0.70, 95%CI=0.03-1.37, P=0.040, I2=62%) and Brunstrom stages (SMD=1.56, 95%CI=1.07-2.06, P<0.001, I2=41%) of affected upper extremities. It could also improve activities of daily living (SMD=0.93, 95%CI=0.62-1.24, P<0.001, I2=0). No evidence revealed mirror therapy could change muscle tone of flexors of affected upper limbs (SMD=-0.22, 95%CI=-0.73-0.28, P=0.890, I2=0). Conclusion Mirror therapy can signifi-cantly improve upper extremity motor function and activity of daily living.

Objective:ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is an integral membrane protein that plays a key role in cellular lipid metabolism,preventing the accumulation of lipids that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules are a Chinese herbal compound that is capable of treating atherosclerosis.This study was de-signed to explore the potential pharmacological mechanism by which Tiaozhi Tongmai Gran-ules protect against atherosclerosis.Methods:Forty-nine male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups:normal control group,normal diet;model groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet for 6 or 12 weeks;statin groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus atorvastatin for 6 or 12 weeks;and Chinese herb groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules for 6 or12 weeks.The granules were administered at a dose of 1.14 g/kg/d,with atorvastatin(1.14 mg/kg/d) serving as positive control.Serum lipid profiles and liver function indices were measured.Atherogenesis was viewed after H&rE staining and quantified by thickened intimal area percentage and maximal intimal thickness percentage.The ABCA1 protein expression in athero-sclerotic plaque macrophages of the common carotid arteries (CCA),thoracic aortae (TA),and liver tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining and evaluated using mean optical density (OD) value in macrophages and ABCA1-positive hepatocyte number.Results:Compared with model group 1 at week 6,Chinese herb group 1 and statin group 1 dis-played significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) (P =0.027,0.012) and low-density lipopro-tein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P =0.039,0.028) levels,as well as marked increases in ABCA1-positive hepatocyte numbers (Pall ＜0.001),and only statin group 1 displayed a markedly reduced maximal intimal thickness percentage in the CCA (P =0.018).Compared with model group 2 at week 12,Chinese herb group 2 and statin group 2 all presented significant reductions in TC (P =0.011,0.003),LDL-C (P =0.017,0.010) and thickened intimal area percentage in the CCA (P =0.001,0.022),as well as prominent increases in the ABCA1OD value of both the CCA (P =0.001,0.039) and TA (P =0.001,0.025) and positive hepatocyte number (P all ＜0.001).Chinese herb group 2 had a markedly reduced maximal intimal thickness percentage compared with model group 2 (P =0.006) and a higher positive hepatocytes number than statin group 2 (P =0.001).Conclusions:Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules appear to have an anti-atherogenic effect that is most likely mediated by simultaneously upregulating the protein expression of ABCA1 in rabbit athero-sclerotic plaque macrophages and in the liver.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)and risk factors in the adult population of Tianshan district in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods A total of 2131 residents from 4 communities in Tianshan district of Urumqi city were randomly selected using a stratified, multistage sampling. All the residents were interviewed and tested for morning spot urine of albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) (abnormal ≥ 30 mg/g), morning spot urine dipstick of hematuria ( abnormal ＞3 red blood cells/HP or greater) and pyuria ( abnormal＞ 5 white blood cells/HP) confirmed by microscopy. Renal function was determined with abbreviated MDRD equation [reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜60 ml ·min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1]. The associations of kidney damage indicators with age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, income,education, cholesterol, triglyceride and smoking were examined. Results Eligible data of 2131 subjects were collected in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender component, the prevalence of albuminuria was found in 2.63％ (95％CI:1.78％-3.48％) of subjects, hematuria in 7.43％(95％CI:6.11％-8.75％) and reduced renal function in 1.72％(95％CI:1.08％-2.35％).Approximately 9.99％(95％CI:8.47％-11.55％) of subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that albuminuria, hematuria, age and hyperuricemia were independently associated with reduced renal function. Hematuria and reduced renal function were independently associated with albuminuria. Albuminuria, reduced renal function and female were independently associated with hematuria. Conclusion In urban adult population over 35 years old of Urumqi, a big city in western China, the prevalence of CKD is 9.99％, the recognition is 2.44％ and the risk factors of CKD are similar to those of other domestic big cities and western developed countries.

Objective To determine the electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics of myocardial infarction (MI) evolution in rats and the intervention effect of Chinese herbs, and to provide basis for the establishment of the criteria for ECG diagnosis and assessment of drug therapeutic effects of rats MI. Methods Totally 140 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, replenishing qi group, activating blood group, replenishing qi and activating blood (1∶2) and (2∶1) group as well as Tongxinluo group, each group with 20 rats. The rat MI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The treatment groups were administrered with corresponding drugs by gavage from the first day after operation. The sham operation group and model group were given the same volume of distilled water. The 12-lead ECGs were recorded before, immediately after, 1st and 2nd week after operation respectively. The voltage value of ST segment deviation, the time limit of QRS complex and the number of animals with pathologic Q wave were evaluated for statistical analysis. Results Model group showed the elevation of ST segment, significantly prolonged time limit of QRS complex (P<0.01), and no pathologic Q wave showed immediately after operation compared with sham operation group. And all above observational indexes reached the peak at 1st week and declined at 2nd week after operation. Compared with model group at 2nd week after operation, replenishing qi and activating blood (1∶2) group and (2∶1) group all presented remarkable dropping of ST segment, shortening in time limit of QRS complex and reduction in number of rats with pathologic Q wave, of which 2∶1 group showed the most (P<0.01). Activating blood group only displayed decreases in time limit of QRS and number of rats with pathologic Q wave (P<0.05), and no significant decline in ST segment. Replenishing qi group demonstrated no significant changes in above three observational indexes (P>0.05). Thus, we proposed the criterion for the ECG diagnosis of rats MI as well as the criterion for the ECG assessment of drug therapeutic effects of rats MI. Conclusion ECG can overall and sensitively evaluate the evolution and drug therapeutic effects of MI in rats, thus providing a relatively objective and available assessment method for the experimental studies of myocardial ischemic diseases.

The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived by ectopic expression of reprogramming factors in somatic cells, can potentially provide unlimited autologous cells for regenerative medicine. In theory, the autologous cells derived from patient iPSCs should be immune tolerant by the host without any immune rejections. However, our recent studies have found that even syngeneic iPSC-derived cells can be immunogenic in syngeneic hosts by using a teratoma transplantation model (Nature 474:212-215, 2011). Recently two research groups differentiated the iPSCs into different germ layers or cells, transplanted those cells to the syngeneic hosts, and evaluated the immunogenicity of those cells. Both of the two studies support our conclusions that some certain but not all tissues derived from iPSCs can be immunogenic, although they claimed either "negligible" or "lack of" immunogenicity in iPSC derivatives (Nature 494:100-104, 2013; Cell Stem Cell 12:407-412, 2013). To test the immunogenicity of clinically valuable cells differentiated from human iPSCs are emergently required for translation of iPSC technology to clinics.
Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; immunology ; transplantation ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Teratoma ; immunology ; metabolism

Objective To explore the protective effects of Yiqi Huoxue Fang(Qi-boosting Blood-activa-ting Formula,YQHXF)on rat myocardium with myocardial infarction and its possible mechanism by ob-serving the effects of YQHXF on necrosis and apoptosis of myocardial cell necrosis.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham-surgery group,model group,YQHXF group,and perindopril group.Animal model of myocardial infarction was built by ligating coronary artery on the left anterior de-scending branch.Subsequently,YQHXF group received intragastric administration of Yiqi Huoxue Fang (compound medicine,21 g/kg)once per day,and perindopril group was given perindopril (0.4 mg/kg)once a day;Sham-surgery group and model group received sterile distilled water without drug inter-vention.The blood in abdominal aorta was drawn,and the tissue on the peripheral area of the myocardial infarction was taken at two fixed time points (on the 7 th and 28 th day)after administration.Ultrasonic ech-ocardiography was used to detect changes on cardiac morphology and function in rats:left ventricular e-jection fraction (LVEF),left ventricular short axis ratio (LVFS),left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVIDs),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd);serum superoxide dismutase (SOD),gluta-thione peroxidase (gsh-px),creatine kinase (CK),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),aspertate amin-otransferase (AST),and troponin (cTnT)were measured with ELISA method.Protein imprinting meth-od (Western Blot)was used to measure cytochrome C (CytC)and protein expression of cysteine aspartic acid and protease-3 (caspase-3)in the border zone of infarcted area.Results On the 7 th day,com-pared with the model group,LVEF and LVFS in YQHXF group and perindopril group decreased without statistical significance(P >0.05).On the 28 th day,compared with the model group,LVEF and LVFS in YQHXF group and perindopril group increased significantly(P >0.05 ).LVIDs and LVIDd decreased markedly(P <0.05);LVIDd in perindopril group decreased sharply (P <0.05),and decrease presen-ted on LVIDs without statistical significace (P >0.05).On the 7 th and 28 th day,compared with the mod-el group,CK-MB,LDH,AST,cTnT in YQHXF group and perindopril group decreased significantly (P<0.05),and SOD,GSH-PX increased significantly.On the 7 th day,protein expression of cytC,caspase-3 decreased significantly in YQHXF group and perindopril group(P <0.05).Conclusion Administra-tion of YQHXF at early stage can effectively improve myocardial infarction on cardiac structure and func-tion in rats with myocardial infarction,improve oxidation resistance of myocardial cell,and inhibit myo-cardial apoptosis and necrosis.

Objective To discuss the influence of epidural labor analgesia on the initial time of lactation.Methods From August 2015 to February 2016, a total of 155 puerperas were enrolled in the study , which were divided into labor analgesia group and non-intervention group .Self-made questionnaire was used to collect the general information of puerperas and neonates and breastfeeding data .Peripheral vein blood of puerperas was sampled to detect the serum levels of prolactin and oxytocin at three points in time ( 3-4 cm of cervical dilatation , 1 h after fetal delivery and 12 h after delivery ) .Results The serum level of oxytocin in labor analgesia group was lower than that in non-intervention group at 1 h after fetal delivery (P <0.01). Compared with non-intervention group , the initial time of lactation in labor analgesia group was delayed by 5-6 h(P<0.05).The frequency and amount of formula milk feeding in labor analgesia group were more than those in non-intervention group (P<0.05).Conclusions Epidural labor analgesia delays the initial time of lactation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum thyrotrophin(TSH)and dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects. Methods An epidemiological study on diabetes and thyroid diseases was performed in Dadong community, Shenyang city, in 2007. 110 subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH)and 1 240 euthyroid subjects were enrolled in the study. Neither history of thyroid diseases nor administration of thyroid-related and lipid-regulating medicines were reported in these subjects. The levels of serum thyroid hormones, lipids, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), and insulin were determined. Results (1)Patients with SCH had significantly lower HDL-C levels than those who were euthyroid.(2)According to the guideline of treatment of adult dyslipidemia in China, the lipid profiles were each categorized. Mean TSH levels were higher in subjects in the dyslipidemia subclass than subjects in the normal subclass. The differences were significant in high LDL-C subclass in overweight individuals. In euthyroid overweight women, mean TSH levels were significantly higher in high LDL-C subclass. In the euthyroid population, TSH was positively associated with total cholesterol in overweight population. The association was not modified by the homestasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)values.(3)TSH was associated positively with serum triglycerides and negatively with serum HDL-C in women. TSH was positively associated with total cholesterol in overweight population and positively associated with total cholesterol and LDL-C in overweight women after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. Conclusion Raised serum TSH seems to be a risk factor of dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid subjects, which is independent of insulin sensitivity.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum thyrotropin and the components of metabolic syndrome.Methods A total of 1534 adult inhabitants in Dadong district of Shenyang were asked to fulfill the questionnaires and have physical examination and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT).The vein blood was drawn to measure thyrotropin(TSH),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),OGTT 2hPG,fasting insulin,triglyceride(TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Results Serum TSH in the MS group was higher than in the Non-MS group(2.54 vs 2.22 mU/L,P

Objective To investigate the myocardial expressions of protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and effective mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Fang depending on model of myocardial ischemia.Methods The model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was established through ligation of left coronary anterior descending branch in SD rats, and randomly divided into model group, perindopril group, Qishen Yiqi Gutta Pills group, Yiqi Huoxue Fang group and sham-operation group, and all groups were given orally corresponding medications respectively 2 d after operation.The observation time points were set on the 7th d and 28th d.The changes of heart function and structure were detected by using ultrasonic testing, changes of myocardial pathomorphology were observed after HE staining, and expressions of Akt, mTOR, p-Akt and p-mTOR in infarction marginal zone were detected by using Western blot test, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry technique in all groups.Results The level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS) decreased significantly in model group compared with sham-operation group on the 7th d and 28th d (P<0.01).The level of left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) increased significantly on the 7th d (P<0.01), and levels of LVESV and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) increased significantly (P<0.01) on the 28th d in model group.The levels of LVEF and LVFS increased and levels of LVEDV and LVESV decreased significantly in all medicated groups compared with model group (P<0.01).The thinner ventricular wall, less cardiomyocytes, disorder myocardial cells arrangement and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in infarction marginal zone in model group, and disorder myocardial cells arrangement and less cardiomyocytes were observed in all medicated groups.The ratio of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR increased (P<0.05), expressions of Akt m-RNA and mTOR m-RNA increased significantly (P<0.01), and levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR positive cell rates increased significantly (P<0.01) in model group.The ratio of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR increased (P<0.05), expressions of Akt m-RNA and mTOR m-RNA increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR positive cell rates increased significantly (P<0.05) in all medicated groups.Conclusion Yiqi Huoxue Fang can improve heart function and protect myocardial cells through activating cardiac self-protective mechanism-Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats with myocardial infarction.