Objective To explore the relationship of urinary iodine level between 8-10 year-old children and adults under the same living conditions in coastal and mountain areas in Fujian Province.Methods Representative coastal and mountainous rural areas (Xindian Town Xiang'an District Xiamen City and Yongfu Town Zhangping District Longyan City) were selected as survey sites.Morning fasting urine samples from local 8-10 year-old children and their parents and a random urine sample in the morning from these children were collected.Urinary iodine was determined using the arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric method (WS/T 107-2006).Results The median urinary iodine of fasting urine samples which were collected from 147 8-10 year-old children in coastal rural areas (71 boys and 76 girls) was 163.5 μg/L (boys 161.0 μg/L,girls 170.9 μg/L),and the median urinary iodine of random urine samples was 190.8 μg/L (boys 208.7 μg/L,girls 177.0 μg/L),and the difference was not statistically significant between boys and girls (Z =-0.376,-0.678,all P ＞ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of fasting urine samples which were collected from 116 8-10 year-old children in mountain rural areas (66 boys and 50 girls) was 171.8 μg/L (boys 169.5 μg/L,girls 173.8 μg/L),and the median urinary iodine of random urine samples was 210.8 μg/L (boys 233.2 μg/L,girls 203.4 μg/L),and the difference was not statistically significant between boys and girls (Z =-0.413,-0.881,all P ＞ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of random urine samples which were collected from 8-10 year-old children in mountain rural areas was significantly higher than that of the morning fasting urine samples (Z =-2.789,P ＜ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of children's fathers in coastal rural areas was 177.0 μg/L,and the median urinary iodine of their mothers was 181.7 μg/L.There was no significant difference between coastal rural children and their parents (Z =-0.387,-0.658,all P ＞ 0.05),and there was also no significant difference between fathers and mothers (Z =-0.014,P ＞ 0.05).The median urinary iodine of children's fathers in mountain rural areas was 227.3 μg/L,and the median urinary iodine of their mothers was 237.4 μg/L There was a significant difference between mountain rural children and their parents (Z =-4.176,-4.373,all P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference between fathers and mothers (Z =-0.291,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Urinary iodine level of school-age children does not reflect the actual urinary iodine level of adults.There is a difference between urinary iodine level of random urine sample and morning fasting urine sample.Attention should be paid to this difference when monitoring iodine nutrition in population.

Objective Using Beckman assay kit to establish women thyroid function indicators reference interval during pregnancy in Fujian Province.Methods Two iodine sufficient areas were selected in Fujian randomly,and the women who did pregnancy test in local hospital were investigated.A questionnaire study and physical examination were conducted and women's serum samples were collected to detect the thyroid function [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),total triiodothyronine (TT3),and total thyroxine (TT4)] using Beckman chemiluminescence analyzer access-2 and assay kit.Reference interval was shown with median (M) and P2.5-P97.5.At the same time,the newly established reference interval was used to evaluate the thyroid function of 830 pregnant women.Result A total of 455 pregnant women were detected (early,middle and late pregnancies were 146,157 and 152,respectively).Most of the thyroid function indexes presented skewed distribution.The thyroid function index reference intervals in early,middle and late pregnancies were TSH:0.80 (0.02-2.96),1.13 (0.07-3.56),1.18 (0.09-3.76) mU/L;FT3:4.28 (3.30-5.76),3.74 (2.78-4.83),3.63 (2.81-4.56) pmol/L;FT4:11.78 (8.66-19.68),9.34 (7.03-12.76),8.55 (6.20-11.73) pmol/L;TT3:1.91 (1.09-2.95),2.00 (0.90-2.96),1.98 (0.91-3.02) nmol/L;and T4:123.00 (79.62-194.85),115.42 (58.78-175.85),117.43 (58.29-192.00) nmol/L.The thyroid dysfunction rate diag,nosed by our reference interval was 22.0％ (183/830),whilch was lower than 28.0％ (232/830) diagnosed by American Thyroid Association (ATA) reference interval (x2 =7.714,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Women thyroid function indicators reference interval during pregnancy in Fujian Province is successfully established.The study shows that each area and laboratory should establish the thyroid hormone reference interval of pregnant women for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease.

Aim To observe the expression of MRTF-A in rat glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs) induced by advanced glycation end products(AGEs) and its effect on ICAM-1 and FN;to explore whether MRTF-A is involved in the process of diabetic nephropathy by affecting NF-κB pathway.Methods Under the condition of AGEs, CCG-1423 and anti-MRTF-A small interfering RNA were used to knock down MRTF-A and MRTF-A plasmid was used to activatt MRTF-A, The expression level of MRTF-A, ICAM-1, FN and p65 in nucleus were detected by Western blot.Results The protein expressions of MRTF-A was increased in AGEs-induced GMCs.The expressions of FN and ICAM-1 and p65 in nucleus were downregulated by knocking down MRTF-A.However, the expressions of FN, ICAM-1 and p65 in nucleus were upregulated by overexpressing MRTF-A.Conclusions AGEs can upregulate the expression of MRTF-A in GMCs, and MRTF-A mediates the protein expressions of FN and ICAM-1 by affecting NF-κB signaling pathway in AGEs-induced GMCs.

Objective:To construct evaluation index system for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital, and to provide a scientific and systematic evaluation tool for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital.Methods:Based on Lasswell′s "5W" communication process model, the evaluation index system for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital was constructed by applying Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process.Results:The the evaluation index system for the communication effect of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital consists of 5 first-level index, which contained communicator, communication content, communication media, communication audience, communication environment, and 12 second-level index, which contained professional quality, function setting, public trust, using experience, internal environment, etc, and 52 third-level index.Conclusions:The evaluation index system for the communication effectiveness of nursing WeChat public accounts in hospital could provide nursing managers an systematic evaluation tool. It could promote the construction and development of nursing WeChat public accounts and ensure that patients receive the health information which were scientific, authoritative and standard.

Objective To investigate the effect of tripterygium glycosides on the resistance to immune rejection after allogeneic islet transplantation in mice.Methods Twenty C57BL/6 mice were treated with STZ diabetes mellitus and transplanted the islets from Balb/c mice donor,then recipient mice were randomly divided into two groups:triptolide group and model control group(n=10),and were intraperitoneal injected with tripterygium glycoside solutin and equivalent solvent of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 14 days.Blood glucose and body weight were measured within 4 weeks after transplantation.Two weeks later,two groups of grafted islets were stained by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining,the expression of IL-2 protein were detected by Western blotting.Results The level of blood glucose were decreased to normal in the triptolide group and model control group after islet transplantation,but blood glucose gradually increased in the model control group after two weeks.Compared with the model control group,the inflammatory cells were less infiltrated and the immunohistochemical staining of insulin was deeper in the triptolide group.The expression of IL-2 in the triptolide group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Tripterygium glucoside could significantly decrease the inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammation factor expression in the allogeneic islet recipients to reduce the immune rejection and improve graft survival.

Objective: To investigate the status of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into developing targeted smoking control measures and promoting maternal and infant health. Methods: Pregnant women who had early pregnancy registration at Jinshan District Community Health Service Center from April 2021 to December 2023 were selected as subjects. The basic information, passive smoking and awareness of passive smoking hazards among pregnant women were collected through questionnaire surveys, and passive smoking rate and awareness rate of passive smoking hazards were analyzed. Results: Totally 8 273 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 216 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.31%. The mean age of participants was (29.52±4.60) years. There were 4 991 participants with an education of college degree or above, accounting for 60.75%; 3 565 participants with the first pregnancy, accounting for 43.39%; 3 990 primiparas, accounting for 48.56%; 3 193 participants living with smokers, accounting for 38.86%. A total of 3 710 participants passively smoked, with a passive smoking rate of 45.16%. There were 2 817 participants passively smoked in public places, accounting for 75.93%; 2 253 participants passively smoked in workplaces, accounting for 60.73%; 1 563 participants that passively smoked at home, accounting for 42.13%. The awareness rates regarding the hazards of passive smoking to health, causing lung cancer in adults, causing lung diseases in children, causing preterm birth and low birth weight infants, and causing heart diseases in adults were 92.13%, 88.85%, 87.99%, 82.05% and 62.56%, respectively. Conclusion The rate of passive smoking among pregnant women in Jinshan District is comparatively high, while their awareness regarding non-respiratory diseases emanating from passive smoking is comparatively low.

To evaluate the value of left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using dual-gate Doppler and relative factors, we included 50 non-obesity and hypertension-free DM patients into the controlled group in the study along with 48 age-and-gender-matched healthy volunteer subjects. The peak early diastolic velocity (E), peak later diastolic velocity (A), deceleration time (DT), anterior mitral annulus diastolic peak velocity (e') , isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), E/A, E/e', Tei index and T(E-e), were measured with dual-gate Doppler. 20 subjects were randomly selected for repetitive analysis. Study showed statistical difference in E/A, DT, e', E/e', IVRT, Tei index and T(E-e), between the two groups (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed positive correlation between T(E-e), and IVRT, course of DM patients and T(E-e), (Beta = 0.295, P = 0.020), and HbA1c control level and T(E-e), (Beta = 0.399, P = 0.010). Repeated analysis showed good reproducibility for both within and between groups. Dual-gate Doppler has clinical value in evaluating left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The course of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and HbA(1C) control level were both closely related with left ventricular diastolic function.
Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Diastole ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mitral Valve ; Regression Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To survey the dietary iodine intake among residents in the coastal province of Fujian after universal salt iodization. Methods Using multi-stage stratified random sampling method, four different geographic areas of coastal cities, inland cities, coastal rural and inland rural areas were selected; 3 counties (cities, districts) were selected from each area; 30 families were selected from each of those counties (cities, districts). Total dietary study method was applied to investigate the basic information, all food and water intake during the investigation, the spice variety, quantity and cooking methods, and recipes. All foods consumed were divided into 13 classes:grains and their products, beans(including nuts) and their products, potato and its products, meat and its products, eggs and their products, aquatic products, milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruits and their products, sugar and sugar products, beverage and water, alcohol and seaweeds. Food samples were collected and iodine contents of different types of food were measured, and daily food consumption of the reference man(adult male) in the four areas was calculated. Then the male adult dietary iodine intake in the four areas and Fujian Province was estimated. Results A total of 69 families(accounting for 19.2% of the 359 families surveyed) ate seaweed foods during the three days survey period. The average salt intakes per reference man were 4.5, 5.8, 7.5, 12.3 g, respectively, in coastal cities, inland cities, coastal rural and inland rural. The adult male dietary iodine intake in Fujian Province was 343.8μg/d, and the values were 234.4, 347.1, 328.4, 465.3μg/d, respectively, in coastal cities, coastal rural, inland cities and inland rural. If people did not eat seaweed foods, the results would be 239.7, 137.5, 253.6, 200.3, 367.4μg/d. The main sources of dietary iodine intake were vegetables (33.2%), seaweeds(30.3%), meat(13.4%) and aquatic products(13.0%). If people did not eat seaweed foods, the results would be vegetables(47.6%), meat(19.1%) and aquatic products(18.7%), and iodine contribution rate of the 3 types of food was 85.4%. Conclusions Under the conditions of eating iodized salt, male adult dietary iodine intake is appropriate in different areas of Fujian Province. There is no such problem as iodine excessive. Iodized salt is the main source of dietary iodine. Residents in coastal city, if not eating seaweed foods, will be at risk of iodine deficiency, even if they eat iodized salt.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToinvestigatethedifferenteffectsofERK1/2/PPARα/SCAD(short-chainacyl-CoAdehy-drogenase) signal pathways on the cardiac hypertrophy induced by insulin-like growth factors 1 ( IGF-1) or phenylephrine ( PE) .METHODS:The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced by IGF-1 were used as the model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy , and those induced by PE were used as the model of pathological cardiac hypertrophy .The surface area of the cardiomyocytes, the expression of p-ERK1/2, PPARαand SCAD, the activity of SCAD and the content of free fatty acid in the cardiomyocytes were measured .RESULTS:Compared with the control cells , the surface area of the cardiomyocytes in-duced by IGF-1 and PE were both increased .Compared with the controls , the expression of SCAD and PPARα, and the activity of SCAD in the cardiomyocytes induced by IGF-1 were increased , while the expression of p-ERK1/2 was de-creased.However, the cardiomyocytes treated with PE showed decreased expression of SCAD and PPARα, decreased activ-ity of SCAD and increased expression of p-ERK1/2.Meanwhile, the decrease in free fatty acid in IGF-1-induced cardio-myocytes and the increase in PE-induced cardiomyocytes indicated that the fatty acid utilization was increased in the cardio -myocytes induced by IGF-1, but decreased in the cardiomyocytes induced by PE .CONCLUSION: The changes of p-ERK1/2, PPARαand SCAD in the cardiac hypertrophy induced by IGF-1 or PE indicate that the effects of ERK 1/2/PPARα/SCAD signal pathways are different between physiological cardiac hypertrophy and pathological cardiac hypertro -phy , and that SCAD may be a molecular marker of these 2 different cardiac hypertrophies and a potential therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy .

BACKGROUND: Many study results proved that electroacupuncture can cause change of endogenous opioid peptide system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of blood sugar and blood lipoprotein (a) in rats with diabetes mellitus after electroacupuncture therapy and probe into the effect of opioid peptide system in the treatment for diabetes with electroacupuncture.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with experimental animals as the subjects.SETTING: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Shandong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Shandong University from July 2004 to December 2004. Totally 140 male Wistar rats were involved.METHODS: Ten Wistar rats were collected randomly as the blank control group. The other 130 rats were given 20 g/L streptozotocin 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally and the rats in blank control group were given the same volume of saline intraperitoneally. Three weeks later, the tails were cut off and the blood sugar was measured 2 hours after food intake. The rats with obvious rapid sugar tolerance were given foods with high calories for 28 days as the model rats. There were 64 rats were successful models and they were classified into 3 groups randomly, namely model control group( n = 20), electroacupuncture therapy(n=22) and electroacupuncture with naloxone groups( n = 22) . The blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a) were detected after treatment for the diabetic rats with streptozotocin.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood sugar level and blood lipoprotein(a) of each rat after the final therapy.RESULTS: Totally 74 rats entered the result analysis. Electroacupuncture therapy could reduce the blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a) of diabetes mellitus rats, while rats with naloxone injection before therapy were insensitive to electroacupuncture. [The blood sugar value were(13.91 ± 3.79),( 10.33 ± 2.36), (12.96 ± 2.23)mmol/L in the model control group, electroacupuncture therapy group, electroacupuncture with naloxone group respectively; while the level of blood lipoprotein(a) were(13.75 ±2.69),( 10.81 ± 2.96), (13.01 ± 3.23)mg/L respectively].CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture therapy can reduce the level of blood sugar and the risk of atherosclerosis in rats with diabetes mellitus. Although the mechanism can not be explained through the meridian theory, according to the experimental result that blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a) were no longer intervened by electroacupuncture therapy after injecting naloxone, it is presumed that electroacupuncture therapy can exert its intervention effect on blood sugar and blood lipoprotein(a)through opiate system.