Research into methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity has experienced a resurgence in recent years. This is due to an increased abuse of the substance internationally. The long-term abuse of methamphetamine will result in neurochemical, neuropathological and behavioral changes. Recent data implicate that dopamine oxidation, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, disruption of mitochondria, and apoptosis are involved in the injury of methamphetamine to central nervous system. Further, Involvement of cell death-related genes in the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine is also discussed.

Objective To study the protective effects and mechanisms of adenosine on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit. Methods The rabbit ltng model of ischemia-reperfusion was constructed.Thirty Chinese rabbits were random divided into three groups: Group A (no surgery), group B (ischemiareperfusion) and group C (Adenosine + ischemia-reperfusion). The MDA content,SOD content of the plasma, wet-dryrate (W/D) and the pathology of lung tissue and the index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury (IQA) were measured after 60 min reperfusion. Results After 60min reperfusion, the value of W/D, MDA and IQA in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (q = 7. 06,13.71,18. 62, P ＜0.01), while the concentration of SOD were lower than those in group A (q = 14. 33, P ＜0.01). In contrast with group B, W/D,MDA and IQA in group C was obviously lower (q =5.23 ,8. 51, 9.99,however, the concentration of SOD were higher than those in group B (q = 7.73, P ＜ 0. 01). In contrast with group A and C ,the expression of CD11b/CD 18 of group B was significantly increased after 60min reperfusion (q =8.59,9.56, P ＜0. 01). Conclusion Adenosine can prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit lung in vivo by inhibiting the expression of CD-11b/CD18 on PMNs and dropping oxygen free radicals level.

Objective To observe the effectiveness of electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW) in disinfections of endoscopes and compared with that of 2% glutaraldehyde. Methods (1) Disinfections of bacteri-a:Specimens were obtained immediately from endoscopes after being used, disinfected and washed out for bacterial culture. Endoscopes were immersed in either EOW or 2% glutaraldehyde for 1 , 3 and 5 minutes. Each time group consisted of 30 cases. (2 ) Effectiveness on disinfections of H. Pylori: endoscopes either from patients with H. Pylori infection or artificially contaminated with H. Pylori were washed out and exposed for 1 ,3 and 5 minutes in each of the disinfectants. PCR was used to detect DNA of H. Pylor. (3) Effectiveness of disinfections of HBV : Endoscopes were contaminated with HBV-positive serum, and the exposure time to both disinfectants were 1,3,5 and 10 minutes respectively. Thirty samples were studied in each time groups. Results ( 1 ) After manual cleaning and disinfections for 1, 3 and 5min in EOW, no vegetative bacteria were found. In 2% glutaraldehyde processing group, 5/30, 4/30 and 1/30 specimens remained bacteria positive, respectively. (2)There was no positive specimens found after 3 and 5 minutes' exposure in EOW in the group of H. Pylori, but 2/30 positive specimens were found in the 1 minute group. While 3/30, 4/30 and 4/30 positive specimens were found after exposure in 2% glutaraldehyde. (3) In the group of HBV, there is no positive case found after exposure in EOW, while in 2% glutaraldehyde groups, there were 2,5 ,4 and 5 cases remained positive in 1 ,3,5 and 10 minutes group respectively. Conclusion EOW is superior to 2% glutaraldehyde in disinfections of Hp or HVB with high-speed and thoroughness, and worthy to be recommended in disinfections of endoscopes.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation of tonsil in the treatment of children obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods From January 2003 to January 2006,30 patients,confirmed OSAHS by polysomnography(PSG),aging from 3 to 10 years(mean:5.8 years)were treated by temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation of tonsil,in which 21 cases with adenoidal hypertrophy were treated with adenoidectomy,and 3 of the 21 cases with secretory otitis media received auripuncture.Results Six months after the operation,the symptom of snoring and mouth breathing in all patients disappeared,tonsillar hypertrophy was kept in Ⅰ or Ⅱ grade,no pharynx stenosis was detected,and hearing was recovered to normal.After 1 year,20 cases were monitored with PSG,of which 10 cases were cured,8 cases showed apparent efficacy and 2 cases showed efficacy.Conclusions The temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation of tonsil is an effective and safe technique in the treatment of children OSAHS.

Objective To use a new simple Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RTLAMP) method was applied to detect rubella virus nucleic acid and compared with Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).Method Comparing the detection rate of the RT-LAMP method with that of RT-PCR for detecting rubella virus nucleic acid from rubella virus.Results The nucleic acid positive rates of all 11 strains of rubella virus were 100% by the two methods,the positive rate was 55%.Conclusion RT-LAMP is more simple and convenient than RT-PCR.

Elements, including experimental personnel, facili-ties, equipment, apparatus, technology and skills, are essential to carrying out pre-clinical reproductive toxicity research. As to a study , authenticity , normativity , scientificity and innovativeness guarantee the success. These four elements are independent of each other,but mutually supported. Authenticity and scientificity are the footstone and soul, respectively, for drug non-clinical re-productive toxicity research. Normativity guarantees authenticity and scientificity, and innovativeness relies on authenticity. Nor-mativity and scientificity ensure the reliability and dynamics of experimental results which perhaps is an effective way accessing innovation.

Objective To investigate correlation between the expression of TIG1 and the prognostic significance in acute leukemia (AL).Methods The TIG1 expression level of 75 AL and 20 normal control (NC) were measured by Real-Time Quantitative PCR(RT-QT-PCR).Results TIG1 gene expressed at a higher level in NC(0.0609±0.0281 ) than that in de novo AL(0.0057±0.0035)(U=-6.321,P=0.000).The expression of TIG1 in complete remission patients(AL-CR)(0.0409±0.0244)were lower than that in NC too(U=-2.582,P=0.01).The expression of TIG1 in AL-CR patients (83.3 ％) were higher than that in de novo AL (53.1％)(U=-6.366,P=0.000).In AL patients,the CR rate of high TIG1 level cases were higher than that in low level cases (x2=4.563,P=0.033).Conclusions Reduced expression of TIG1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AL.TIG1 can serve as a marker of poor prognosis in AL.

Objective To study the treatment effects of intravenous levocarnitine in combinaton wlth vitamin-E in the oxidative stress state,endothelial cell function and nutritional status of patients with maintenance hemodialvsis (MHD).Methods 83 patients with MHD were randomized to the control group (Group A),and three treatment groups:with levocarnitine (Group B),with Vitamin-E (Group C),with levocarnitine and Vitamin-E(Gmup D).Intravenous 1.0 g levocarnitine were administered to Group B,oral vitamin-E(200 mg,two times each day) to group C,and vitamin-E and levocarnitine were coadministratered to group D at the end of dialysis.The blood biochemical indicators of each group were measured respectively.At the same time,malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and nitricoxide (NO) expression were mesured.Results MDA of group A increased compared with pre-dialysis at the end of the 3rd month[(4.81±0.08)nmoL/L vs(4.62±0.06)nmol/L(P<0.05)].and GSHPx declined at the end of the 3rd month[(72.02±2.05)μmol/L vs(74.62±1.46)μmol/L(P<0.01)] Hemoglobin(Hb),and blood albumin (Alb) reduced without statistical significan (P>0.05);In group B and C.MDA declined more compared with Group A[(3.86±0.06)nmol/L,(3.81±0.19)nmol/L vs (4.81±0.08)nmoL/L,(P<0.01)],while the GSHPx and NO increased significantly[(92.11±1.62)μmol/L,(92.14±1.37)μmol/L vs(72.02±2.05)μmol/L;(64.24±1.72)μmol/L,(64.35±1.67)μmol/L vs (49.91±1.19)μmol/L(P<0.05)].In the 3rd month,Hb and Alb level rised obviously(P<0.05);Group D was better than Group B and C(P<0.01).Conclusions Levocamitine and Vitamin-E effectively improve oxidative stress and nutrition status and the function of endotllelial cells of the MHD patients.It probably slows atherosclerosis progress.Furthermore,the combined medication is better.

Surgical nutrition therapy is a novel course for undergraduates who are major in food hygiene and nutrition.In this study,the purpose,content,model and specific teaching approaches of the course were discussed,and the essentials of clinical practice for surgical nutrition therapy were pointed out.We hope that our experience would be helpful for the development of the course.

BACKGROUND:Previous experiment has confirmed that the nitinol artificial esophagus is an artificial succedaneum which can be used for replacing an esophagus resected and rebuilding esophageal tube.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the tissue reaction of the neo-esophagus and the adjacent organs injury contacted with the nitinol artificial esophagus after replacement.
METHODS:Eight miniature pigs were selected and modeled by resection of a 70 mm segment of the thoracic esophagus. After modeling, the nitinol artificial esophagus was inserted into the proximal and distal end of the thoracic esophagus at an insert distance of about 10 mm. After that, the nitinol artificial esophagus with polyester connecting ring was sewed into the thoracic esophagus in a manner of ful-thickness anastomosis. After operation, the pigs were subjected to feeding regulation measures to control the shedding time of the artificial esophagus. Two model pigs were sacrificed for anatomical observation at 1, 2, 3, 4 months postoperatively, respectively. The tissue reaction during the neo-esophagus formed procedure and adjacent organs injury contacted with the nitinol artificial esophagus were observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al pigs survived without complications such as thoracic hemorrhage, pneumothorax, pyothorax, esophageal perforation and anastomotic leakage. The experimental animals with the nitinol artificial esophagus fixed in situ had no dysphagia for eating semisolids food (Bown’SⅡ). Autopsy findings showed that there was slight membrane-like adhesion between partial pleura and lung. No hydrothorax was found. The nitinol artificial esophagus was wrapped up by the neo-esophagus. There was slight membrane-like adhesion between the neo-esophagus and the adjacent organs such as the lung, aorta and esophageal mucosa. The esophageal mucosa covered the neo-esophageal entocoele from esophageal stumps to intermedius of neo-esophagus until completely covered. Histological findings of the neo-esophagus showed that in imbed cycle of the nitinol artificial esophagus the tissue reaction showed aseprtic inflammation reaction and foreign body reaction around the implant. These tissue reactions were most severe at 1 month after operation and thereafter relieved gradual y.