Objective To establish the methods for neonatal screening of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Methods G6PD activity was measured by using fluorescence spot test (FST) with the dry blood sample on the filter paper for neonatal screening. G6PD/6PGD rate test of venous blood samples was further performed for confirmation. Results The positive G6PD deficiency rate was 4.2% and its detection rate was 3.7% in FST for neonatal screening. The conformation rate of FST with G6PD/6PGD rate test for G6PD deficiency was 86.8% and 100% particularly in severe deficiency groups. Both sensitivity and specificity were very high in severe deficiency groups. Conclusions FST is used in neonatal screening of G6PD deficiency because of its high accuracy, applicability, and simplicity Morover, it can test lots of dry blood samples on the filter paper. It is very favorable to diagnose and treat G6PD deficiency early in high incidence districts.

Aim To explore the neuroprotective effects and possib le mechanism of bellidifolin on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Focal ce rebral ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the proximal portion of ri ght middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A neurological examination was perf ormed on each rat 4 hours,24 hours after ischemia by the method of Berderson .T he infarcted size was measured by 2,3,5-triphenrytetrazolium chloride(TTC) st aining technique at 24 hours post-ischemia.Effect of bellidifolin on intercellu lar adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and B lymphocyte myeloma (Bcl-2) immunoreact ive positive cells in peri-infarct region following ischemia and the histological neuronal changes were observed by means of immunohistochemical staining and H E staining.Result Bellidifolin significantly reduced infarc- ted size and improved the neurological deficit in rats .Bellidifolin produced effects of reduction in expression of ICAM-1 and upregulation of antia poptotic protein Bcl-2 on focal cerebral ischemia.Conclusion B ellidifolin has neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia in rats by or al administration.Mechanism of neuroprotective effects is related to downregulat ion of ICAM-1 and upregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 on focal cerebr al ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the quality of four domestic and three imported fourth-generation HIV diagnostic reagents.Methods The specificity and sensitivity of these assays were analyzed when testing HIV negative samples and HIV-1 RNA positive samples.The relative seroconversion sensitivity index was analyzed when testing BBI seroconversion panels.Results The sensitivity of seven 4th-generation assays were 100％ (95％ CI:99.86％-100％ ),and one sample at the window period of HIV-1 infection were detected as positive.Of the seven assays,one imported assay exhibited the relative largeδ + value (1.0892),and the small δ+ value were found on the remaining six assays (0.0836-0.3003 ).For the samples negative for HIV antibody,varying degrees of false positives were observed on the seven assays ( specificity:97.80％ -99.60％,δ- value:-1.3803 to -0.4778).When testing the BBI seroconversion panels,the relative seroconversion sensitivity index of domestic assays were -0.500-0,however,which of imported assays were -0.600 and -0.700.Conclusion The seven reagents exhibited high sensitivity and specificity.The 4th generation HIV assays can be used as blood screening reagents to find the samples at window period of HIV-1 infection,thus indicating the certain meaning in reducing the transmission risk of HIV-1 for fourth-generation HIV diagnostic reagents.However,the better efficiency to detect HIV-1 early infection was observed on the imported assays than on the domestic assays.

Objective To evaluate the differences between the third and the fourth generations of anti-HIV assays,and different kits within the same generation.Methods A total of 989 HIV-negative samples,185 samples positive for HIV-1 RNA.1st-generation international references of HIV antibodies and samples from 9 sets of BBI seroconversion panels were detected by 8 kits of the third generation and 4 kits of the fourth.Results The fourth generation kits can detect HIV infection earlier than the third generation kits.However,the detected days of HIV infection with different kits of the fourth generation were different whilst no significant difierences were found with difierent kits of the third generation.Furthermore,the capacity of detecting samples with different genotypes for different reagents was different,especially the capacity of domestic reagents on detecting HIV-1 O group and HIV-2 samples was relatively weak.Conclusion These data provided information to improve the quality of anti-HIV diagnostic reagents further.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) is the primary cause of neonatal brain injury, which retards the mental development in affected infants.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of early intervention on mental and psychological development in infants with HIE, study the time-effect relation of the early intervention, and to find an optimal time for intervention.DESIGN: A time series of following-up and a non-randomized concurrent controlled investigation.SETTING: Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated to Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: From February 1999 to May 2001, in the Pediatric Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to the Central South University, the inpatient and outpatient infants with HIE were selected. There were 32 inpatients in the intervention group, 10 with moderate HIE and 22 with severe HIE. There were 36 outpatients in the control group, 10 with moderate HIE and 26 with severe HIE. Comparison was performed between these two groups.METHODS: BRS and the Infant and Child Mental Development Scales,made by The Institute of Psychology of The Chinese Academy of Science and The China National Children' s Center(CNCC), were adopted in the assessment between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mental Development Index(MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index(PDI) scores of the two groups were compared.were significantly higher in the intervention group(90.50 ± 11.12/90. 34±12.49,94.06±14.96/92.03±13.07,90.78±7.46/91.38 ± 13.87)than those in the control group(62.28±7.44/62.67±6.06, 59.11following-up results showed that one patient in the intervention group had a MDI score at the critical threshold value, and two patients had PDI scores at the critical threshold value. For all the other patients in this group, the MDI/PDI scores of them were above the moderate range. In contrast, all the 36 infants in control group had developed mental deficiencies at that time.CONCLUSION: A quantifiable effect of the intervention can be observed in patients at 3 months of life. This indicates that an early intervention is essential for improving the mental development in infants with HIE.

Surgical nutrition therapy is a novel course for undergraduates who are major in food hygiene and nutrition.In this study,the purpose,content,model and specific teaching approaches of the course were discussed,and the essentials of clinical practice for surgical nutrition therapy were pointed out.We hope that our experience would be helpful for the development of the course.

0.05), but changed to be significant after stimulation in the rats stimulated respectively with formalin and saline (P

Objective To establish a high throughput phenotypic test for the detection of drug re-sistance in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)strains. Methods The gene encoding luciferase was in-activated through restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. LacZ gene was used to replace the genes encoding original protease and reverse transcriptase. pol genes were amplified from pSG3△env plasmid and cloned in-to a new backbone plasmid through infusion. The factors that might affect the results of the test were opti-mized. Results The parental backbone plasmid pNL4-3. Lac was constructed,of which the gene encoding luciferase was inactivated and bearing the LacZ gene instead of genes encoding protease and reverse tran-scriptase. Several influential factors including cell numbers(10 000 / well),virus inoculation(200 TCID50 /well)and the concentration of DEAE-dextran(15 μg/ ml)were optimized. The reproducibility of this test was confirmed by testing 12 anti-HIV drugs against 2 pseudovirus strains 8 times,presenting the coefficient of variations(CVs)from 4. 32% to 28. 46% . Six types of pseudovirus were constructed and tested against the 12 anti-HIV drugs,the results of which were compared with those by using the pSG3△env-based pseud-ovirus test. The results of the two tests presented good consistency. Conclusion The high throughput phe-notypic test based on pNL4-3. Lac plasmid,combining the advantages of pSG3△env and pNL4-3 systems, could be used to analyze the drug resistance patterns of HIV-1 infectors and screen new drugs for antiretrovi-ral therapy in a rapid and effective way.

Objective To compare cellular immune responses in mice elicited by Chinese different AIDS candidate vaccines.Methods According to their different immunization procedures,BALB/c mice were immunized with 6 AIDS candidate vaccines,separately.Spleen cells were isolated for the detection of cellular immune response to HIV-specific peptides using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot(ELISPOT)assay and intracellular cytokine staining(ICS)method.Results AIDS vaccines were evaluated by using potential T-cell epitopes(PTE)Gag,Env and Pol peptides pool and ELISPOT.The positive conversion rates for cellular immune response of 1#-6# vaccines fluctuated from 70% to 100%.The vaccine-induced cellular immune responses to specific peptides pool are different not only in magnitude but also in breadth.The Th1type cytokines,IFN-γand IL-2,were detected with ELISPOT in 1# and 2# vaccines.The productions of IFN-γand IL-2 induced by both of the two vaccines showed a moderate correlation(r1 =0.62,P1 ＜0.01 ;r2=0.79,P2 ＜ 0.01).The positive conversion rate of IFN-γ secreting cells of 1 # vaccine was 66.7%(10/15)mice detected with both ELISPOT and ICS.And the results tested by ELISPOT and ICS showed moderate correlation(r = 0.55,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The magnitude and breadth of cellular immune responses induced by different AIDS candidate vaccines are different.Being induced by different AIDS candidate vaccines,the IFN-γand other Th1 type cytokines detected by ELISPOT or ICS could be used to evaluate the cellular immune responses in mice.

BACKGROUND:Travoprost can increase human ciliary muscle cell interspace, decrease uveoscleral outflow resistance and then decrease intraocular pressure. But whether this action pathway is conducted by enhancing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the ciliary muscle cells remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of travoprost on the expression of MMP-2 in the human ciliary muscle cells.DESIGN:Controlled observation analysis.SETTING:Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS:This study was Carried out in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University between August 2005 and April 2006.Donor was from the unilateral eyeball of a youth patient,who was dead within one hour,had no any disease (informed consent was obtained from the relatives) in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University.Rabbit anti.human MMP-2 polyclonal antibody (Boster Bioengineering Co.,Ltd,Wuhan),and travoprost (86610F,0.004% solution,ALCON company.USA) were used in this study.METHODS: Experimental intervention: 1μmol/L travoprost was added into bovine serum-free medium of human ciliary muscle cell, serving as experimental group,and meanwhile,the cells which were not interfered by drugs were taken as control group.In the experimental group,cells were harvested 6, 12,and 24 hours after travoprost being added.Experimental evaluation:MMP-2 gene and protein expressions in the human ciliary muscle cells in each group were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA methods.The activity of MMP-2 in each group was detected by Zymography technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MMP-2 mRNA expression in the human ciliary muscle cell,MMP-2 protein expression and MMP-2 activity in the extracellular fluid.RESULTS:①In the experimental group, at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,the relative expression of MMP-2 mRNA was gradually increased (F=236.959,P＜0.01).②In the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,MMP-2 protein was also gradually increased with time (F=38.110,P＜0.01).③Zymography technique detection showed that in the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost adding,MMP-2 activity was gradually enhanced with time (F=74.348,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:After human ciliary muscle cell cultured in vitro being subjected to the intervention of travoprost.MMP-2 expression is gradually increased with action time of travoprost, and meanwhile MMP-2 activity is also gradually enhanced.