Aim To explore the neuroprotective effects and possib le mechanism of bellidifolin on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Focal ce rebral ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the proximal portion of ri ght middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A neurological examination was perf ormed on each rat 4 hours,24 hours after ischemia by the method of Berderson .T he infarcted size was measured by 2,3,5-triphenrytetrazolium chloride(TTC) st aining technique at 24 hours post-ischemia.Effect of bellidifolin on intercellu lar adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and B lymphocyte myeloma (Bcl-2) immunoreact ive positive cells in peri-infarct region following ischemia and the histological neuronal changes were observed by means of immunohistochemical staining and H E staining.Result Bellidifolin significantly reduced infarc- ted size and improved the neurological deficit in rats .Bellidifolin produced effects of reduction in expression of ICAM-1 and upregulation of antia poptotic protein Bcl-2 on focal cerebral ischemia.Conclusion B ellidifolin has neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia in rats by or al administration.Mechanism of neuroprotective effects is related to downregulat ion of ICAM-1 and upregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 on focal cerebr al ischemia.

Objective To establish the methods for neonatal screening of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Methods G6PD activity was measured by using fluorescence spot test (FST) with the dry blood sample on the filter paper for neonatal screening. G6PD/6PGD rate test of venous blood samples was further performed for confirmation. Results The positive G6PD deficiency rate was 4.2% and its detection rate was 3.7% in FST for neonatal screening. The conformation rate of FST with G6PD/6PGD rate test for G6PD deficiency was 86.8% and 100% particularly in severe deficiency groups. Both sensitivity and specificity were very high in severe deficiency groups. Conclusions FST is used in neonatal screening of G6PD deficiency because of its high accuracy, applicability, and simplicity Morover, it can test lots of dry blood samples on the filter paper. It is very favorable to diagnose and treat G6PD deficiency early in high incidence districts.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) is the primary cause of neonatal brain injury, which retards the mental development in affected infants.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of early intervention on mental and psychological development in infants with HIE, study the time-effect relation of the early intervention, and to find an optimal time for intervention.DESIGN: A time series of following-up and a non-randomized concurrent controlled investigation.SETTING: Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated to Central South University.PARTICIPANTS: From February 1999 to May 2001, in the Pediatric Department of Xiangya Hospital Affiliated to the Central South University, the inpatient and outpatient infants with HIE were selected. There were 32 inpatients in the intervention group, 10 with moderate HIE and 22 with severe HIE. There were 36 outpatients in the control group, 10 with moderate HIE and 26 with severe HIE. Comparison was performed between these two groups.METHODS: BRS and the Infant and Child Mental Development Scales,made by The Institute of Psychology of The Chinese Academy of Science and The China National Children' s Center(CNCC), were adopted in the assessment between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mental Development Index(MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index(PDI) scores of the two groups were compared.were significantly higher in the intervention group(90.50 ± 11.12/90. 34±12.49,94.06±14.96/92.03±13.07,90.78±7.46/91.38 ± 13.87)than those in the control group(62.28±7.44/62.67±6.06, 59.11following-up results showed that one patient in the intervention group had a MDI score at the critical threshold value, and two patients had PDI scores at the critical threshold value. For all the other patients in this group, the MDI/PDI scores of them were above the moderate range. In contrast, all the 36 infants in control group had developed mental deficiencies at that time.CONCLUSION: A quantifiable effect of the intervention can be observed in patients at 3 months of life. This indicates that an early intervention is essential for improving the mental development in infants with HIE.

Objective To evaluate the quality of four domestic and three imported fourth-generation HIV diagnostic reagents.Methods The specificity and sensitivity of these assays were analyzed when testing HIV negative samples and HIV-1 RNA positive samples.The relative seroconversion sensitivity index was analyzed when testing BBI seroconversion panels.Results The sensitivity of seven 4th-generation assays were 100％ (95％ CI:99.86％-100％ ),and one sample at the window period of HIV-1 infection were detected as positive.Of the seven assays,one imported assay exhibited the relative largeδ + value (1.0892),and the small δ+ value were found on the remaining six assays (0.0836-0.3003 ).For the samples negative for HIV antibody,varying degrees of false positives were observed on the seven assays ( specificity:97.80％ -99.60％,δ- value:-1.3803 to -0.4778).When testing the BBI seroconversion panels,the relative seroconversion sensitivity index of domestic assays were -0.500-0,however,which of imported assays were -0.600 and -0.700.Conclusion The seven reagents exhibited high sensitivity and specificity.The 4th generation HIV assays can be used as blood screening reagents to find the samples at window period of HIV-1 infection,thus indicating the certain meaning in reducing the transmission risk of HIV-1 for fourth-generation HIV diagnostic reagents.However,the better efficiency to detect HIV-1 early infection was observed on the imported assays than on the domestic assays.

Objective To evaluate the differences between the third and the fourth generations of anti-HIV assays,and different kits within the same generation.Methods A total of 989 HIV-negative samples,185 samples positive for HIV-1 RNA.1st-generation international references of HIV antibodies and samples from 9 sets of BBI seroconversion panels were detected by 8 kits of the third generation and 4 kits of the fourth.Results The fourth generation kits can detect HIV infection earlier than the third generation kits.However,the detected days of HIV infection with different kits of the fourth generation were different whilst no significant difierences were found with difierent kits of the third generation.Furthermore,the capacity of detecting samples with different genotypes for different reagents was different,especially the capacity of domestic reagents on detecting HIV-1 O group and HIV-2 samples was relatively weak.Conclusion These data provided information to improve the quality of anti-HIV diagnostic reagents further.

0.05), but changed to be significant after stimulation in the rats stimulated respectively with formalin and saline (P

Surgical nutrition therapy is a novel course for undergraduates who are major in food hygiene and nutrition.In this study,the purpose,content,model and specific teaching approaches of the course were discussed,and the essentials of clinical practice for surgical nutrition therapy were pointed out.We hope that our experience would be helpful for the development of the course.

BACKGROUND:Travoprost can increase human ciliary muscle cell interspace, decrease uveoscleral outflow resistance and then decrease intraocular pressure. But whether this action pathway is conducted by enhancing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in the ciliary muscle cells remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of travoprost on the expression of MMP-2 in the human ciliary muscle cells.DESIGN:Controlled observation analysis.SETTING:Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS:This study was Carried out in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University between August 2005 and April 2006.Donor was from the unilateral eyeball of a youth patient,who was dead within one hour,had no any disease (informed consent was obtained from the relatives) in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University.Rabbit anti.human MMP-2 polyclonal antibody (Boster Bioengineering Co.,Ltd,Wuhan),and travoprost (86610F,0.004% solution,ALCON company.USA) were used in this study.METHODS: Experimental intervention: 1μmol/L travoprost was added into bovine serum-free medium of human ciliary muscle cell, serving as experimental group,and meanwhile,the cells which were not interfered by drugs were taken as control group.In the experimental group,cells were harvested 6, 12,and 24 hours after travoprost being added.Experimental evaluation:MMP-2 gene and protein expressions in the human ciliary muscle cells in each group were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA methods.The activity of MMP-2 in each group was detected by Zymography technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MMP-2 mRNA expression in the human ciliary muscle cell,MMP-2 protein expression and MMP-2 activity in the extracellular fluid.RESULTS:①In the experimental group, at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,the relative expression of MMP-2 mRNA was gradually increased (F=236.959,P＜0.01).②In the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost being added,MMP-2 protein was also gradually increased with time (F=38.110,P＜0.01).③Zymography technique detection showed that in the experimental group,at 6,12 and 24 hours after travoprost adding,MMP-2 activity was gradually enhanced with time (F=74.348,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:After human ciliary muscle cell cultured in vitro being subjected to the intervention of travoprost.MMP-2 expression is gradually increased with action time of travoprost, and meanwhile MMP-2 activity is also gradually enhanced.

OBJECTIVE: Oral zhongfeng an liquid is a new dose form of traditional Chinese medicine for treating cerebrovascular diseases. Its main components are astragalus and hirudo, the former is of obvious effects of replenishing qi and activating blood, and the latter is of stronger effects of antiplatelet, antithrombosis and arteriospasm-reducing, as well as improving tissue anoxia.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of oral zhongfeng an liquid on arterial thrombosis in rats, and blood coagulation and tolerance in mice.DESIGN: A completely randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Pharmacological Division of Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed from September 2001 to April 2002 at the Pharmacological Division of Basic Medical College,Hebei Medical University. The experiment of effect of the drug on thrombosis in rats: In the first study, totally 40 Wistar rats were at random divided into five groups: zhongfeng an liquid 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 g/kg, aspirin 0.3 g/kg and control group, with 8 in each group. In the second study, totally 50 Wistar rats were also at random divided into five groups: zhongfeng an liquid 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg, naoxue kang 3.0 and 6.0 g/kg and control group,with 10 in each group. Clotting time study in mice: Totally 50 mice were randomly divided as zhongfeng an liquid 6.0, 12.0, 24.0 g/kg, aspirin 0.3 g/kg and control group, with 10 in each group. Measurement of swimming exhaustion time of mice: Totally 90 mice were randomly divided as zhongfeng an liquid 6.0 and 24.0 g/kg, naoxue kang 6.0 and 24.0 g/kg, benzedrine 0.2 g/kg and control group, with 15 in each group.METHODS: In the experiment of effect of the drug on thrombosis: For the first study, 24 hours and 1 hour before operation the rats in all groups were respectively by gavage given oral zhongfeng an liquid (3, 6, 12 g/kg), aspirin (0.3 g/kg), and water. For the second study, 24 hours and 1 hour before operation the rats were respectively by gavage given oral zhongfeng an liquid (3, 6 g/kg), naoxue kang (3, 6 g/kg) and water. After administration,ketamine 50 mg/kg was peritoneally given for anesthesia, silk ligature thrombosis was used, then the wet thrombus was weighed for comparison of difference in thrombosis among the groups. Measurement of clotting time of mice: The mice were respectively by gavage given oral zhongfeng an liquid (24.0, 12.0, 6.0 g/kg), aspirin (0.3 g/kg) and water, one hour after administration the clotting time of mice was detected with the slide method. Measurement of swimming exhaustion time of mice: The mice were respectively by gavage given oral zhongfeng an liquid (6.0, 24.0 g/kg), naoxue kang (6.0, 24.0 g/kg), Benzedrine (0.2 g/kg) and water, once a day for 5 days.On the fifth day 1 hour after administration, the swimming exhaustion time of mice was measured, the mean value of swimming exhaustion time of mice in each group was calculated.haustion time of mice in each group.RESULTS: All 90 rats and 140 mice involved entered into the result thrombus in rats of the oral zhongfeng an liquid 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 g/kg groups were obviously lower than those in the naoxue kang groups of the same dose [(24±4), (21±4), (16±6), (39±7) mg, (t=5.88-7.90, P ＜ 0.01)]; in the second study, the wet quality of rats in the oral zhongfeng an liquid 6.0 g/kg group was obviously lower than that in the same dose naoxue kang group [(23.6±2.6), (30.0±4.1), (t=4.18, P ＜ 0.01)], the wet quality of mice in the oral zhongfeng an liquid 3.0 g/kg group was obviously lower than that in the same dose naoxue kang group [(30.6±2.1), (33.1±1.6) mg, (t=2.96,zhongfeng an liquid 24.0 and 12.0 g/kg groups were obviously higher than that in the control group [(222±66), (190±52), (116±26) s, (t=4.02, 4.72, P the oral zhongfeng an liquid 24.0 and 6.0 g/kg groups were obviously higher than that in the control group [(2 512±1 244), (899±403), (502±100) s,(t=3.70-6.24, P ＜ 0.01)].CONCLUSION: Oral zhongfeng an liquid was of obvious inhibition to arterial thrombosis of rats and venous thrombosis of mice, and could enhance the tolerance of mice with a role of antifatigue.

Objective To investigate the change of intracellular calcium ion concentration in prostate smooth muscle cells of SD rats with chronic abacterial prostatitis under high potassium solution.Methods SD rats were divided into experiment group and control group.The CP model was set up by castration and estradiol injection.The PSMC was cultured and purified in vitro.Laser confocal scanning microscope was used after the ceils were incubated with Quest Fluo-8TM.The cells were treated with high potassium solution,and the change of fluorescence intensity was observed.Results The pathologic specimens of the experiment group showed typical pathologic characteristics of chronic prostatitis under light microscope,the control group without inflammation performance.Using immunocytochemistry method confirmed that the experiment group and the control group were prostate smooth muscle cells.The change of fluorescence intensity of [Ca2+] i in the experiment group and control group in the high potassium solution was 27.86 ± 9.88 and 7.61 ± 4.31.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions High potassium solution cause intracellular calcium ion concentration increased.