Objectiye To improve the diagnosis and treatment of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(CRCC). Methods The clinical dota of 25 patients of CRCC were reviewed.Thirteen were xmales and 12 were females and thirteen on the left and twelve on the right.The mean age was 51 years.Sixteen(64%)patients were asymptomatic.Gross hematuria,low back pain and discomfort and fever occurred in the other 9 patients.Laboratory investigations showed 1 patient had raised alanine aminotransferase and 1 had high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Results B-ultrasound was mainly characterized by low echo renal mass with intact capsule and low blood flow signals.CT and MR of CRCC were typically well circumscribed,homogeneous(unenhanced CT was 70%,MR was 73%)with no necrosis and hemorrhage,homogenous enhancement(CT was 65%,MR was 67%)and mild enhanced(CT was 65%,MR was 67 %)renal mass.Twenty-two patients with tumors＞4.0 cm had radical nephrectomy and three with tumors≤4.0 cm had partial nephrectomy.The average diameter of tumors was 7.6 cm.The cross-sections of the tumors were grossly homogeneous,pale or dark brown solid.Light microscopy showed that the tumors were composed of trabeculae or sheets with voluminous cells in pale or eosinophilic cytoplasm.Immunohistochemical assay was positive of CK8 and negative of Vimentin.The pathologic TNM stages were 8 with T1a,9 with T1b,6 with T2 and 2 with T3a.Twenty-three patients were followed up.After mean follow-up of 28 months,22 cases were tumor free.One patient had pulmonary metastasis 58 months after operation and had no reaction to interferon-α and chemotherapy and died. Conclusions The majority of CRCC patients are asymptomatic and usually with low-stages.There are some features in CT and MR appearance of CRCC such as well circumscribed and homogenous.Surgical treatment should follow the treatment principles of renal cell carcinoma and carries an excellent prognosis for most localized tumors but there has been no effective measures to treat metastasis disease.The interval between operation and metastasis is relatively long and the time of follow-up should be prolonged in CRCC.

Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases,with high morbidity and mortality,which threatens human health and lives. With the development of medicine, natural products are revealing ever-greater anti-arrhythmic benefits and potential. However,their targets have not been fully clarified. In the recent ten years ,scientists have been studying the molecular mechanisms of natural products that have been found to inhibit INa,ICa-L,Ito,IK1,IKr,IKM3,HERG channel current and steady state K+ current,promote IKs and IKATP,inhibit microRNA-1 expression and change cardiac microRNA expression profile,affect Na+-K+-ATPase and superoxide dismutase activity,inhibitβ receptor and angiotensinⅡ receptor,and regulate lipid metabolism,thus affecting cardiac rhythm and exerting anti-arrhythmic effect. This paper revies the research advances in the antiarrhythmic tar?gets of natural products.

Objective To explore the effect of group psychological training on the mental health and self consistency of nurses from operating rooms.Methods 52 nurses of an operating room were randomized into the treatment group(n=25)and the control group(n=27): The latter received humane care and instructions for mental self care and the former received group psychological training for 8 weeks based on the same treatment as in the control group.Symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)and self consistency and congruence scale(SCCS)were used to assess and compare the difference of the two groups before and after training.Results The intra-and inter-group comparisons between pre-and post-intervention showed statistical differences in terms of the total score by SCL,interpersonal sensitivity,depression and hostility,total score by SCCS and the score on the subscale of inconsistency between themselves and their experience(all P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Group psychological training can effectively improve the level of mental health and self consistency of OR nurses and thus can improve the total psychological status of the OR nurses.

Objective To evaluate the effective treatment for and prevention of complications. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 32 patients with acute arterial ischemia of the lower extremity were analyzed (retrospectively). 4 cases were treated with thrombolytic therapy, 28 cases underwent emergency operation, of which 3 cases underwent amputation after embolectomy, and 25 cases were treated by arteriotomy of femoral artery and embolectomy with Fogarty catheter(7 cases underwent concomitant arterioplasty).Results One (patient) in the nonoperative group died; but there was no mortality in the operated group. Limb amputation was done in 3 cases, and limbs were saved in 28 cases. Conclusions For acute arterial ischemia of the lower (extremity), emergency arteriotomy of femoral artery plus embolectomy is the treatment of choice. This (therapeutic) approach can lower mortality and limb amputation rate.

Objective To develop the Chinese version of mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BESTest) and evaluate its reliability. Methods Chinese version of mini-BESTest was developed following the process of translation, reverse translation, cultural adaptation and pre-experiment. 61 Chinese patients with stroke were tested with it by 2 testers, and 30 patients in them were tested again in 48 h. The inter-class coefficient (ICC) of testers and test-retest, and the Cronbach's α among the total score and 4 factors scores were calculated. Results The ICC of testers of 4 factors were 0.856- 0.978 (P<0.01), ICC of test- retest were 0.795- 0.951 (P<0.01). The Cronbach's α were 0.794-0.905 (P<0.01). Conclusion The Chinese version of mini-BEStest is reliable for patients with stroke.

Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroid carc-er surgery.Methods 346 cases of thyroid carcer patients undergoing surgery from Jan .2013 to Dec.2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed .Results 129 cases developed hepocalcemia after thyroid surgery .Among the related factors that may cause postoperative hypocalcemia , the scope of surgery , parathyroid injury and secondary surgery might play important roles .Conclusions The inci-dence of postoperative hypocalcaemia is high after total thyroidectomy .Patients with reoperation and lymph node dissection have an increased rate of postoperative hypocalcaemia .In order to reduce hypocalcaemia incidence ,sur-gons need to protect parathyroid blood supply in thyroid surgery and give calcium after surgery .

Objective To evaluate the curative effects of carbon nanoparticles on central lymphnode dis -section in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) .Methods 72 PTC patients were randomly divided into two groups:carbon nanoparticle group(n=32)and the control group(n=32).Patients in the carbon nanoparticle group were injected with carbon nanoparticles during surgery .Patients in the control group had conventional surgery .The number of lymph nodes being dissected ,lymph node metastasis , and the rate of hypoparathyroidism were compared between the two groups .Results The number of lymph nodes dissected in nanoparticle group ( n =312 ) was much bigger than that in the control group (n=189)(P<0.01;t=8.476).The incidence of hypoparathyroidism in nanoparticle group(n=1)was much lower than that in the control group (n=8)(P<0.05;χ2 =4.571).The metastasis of lymph nodes has no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.01;χ2 =1.048).Conclu-sions The lymphatic tracer technique may improve the number of lymph nodes dissected in central region of PTC and reduce parathyroid gland damage .

Objective To investigate the change of intracellular calcium ion concentration in prostate smooth muscle cells of SD rats with chronic abacterial prostatitis under high potassium solution.Methods SD rats were divided into experiment group and control group.The CP model was set up by castration and estradiol injection.The PSMC was cultured and purified in vitro.Laser confocal scanning microscope was used after the ceils were incubated with Quest Fluo-8TM.The cells were treated with high potassium solution,and the change of fluorescence intensity was observed.Results The pathologic specimens of the experiment group showed typical pathologic characteristics of chronic prostatitis under light microscope,the control group without inflammation performance.Using immunocytochemistry method confirmed that the experiment group and the control group were prostate smooth muscle cells.The change of fluorescence intensity of [Ca2+] i in the experiment group and control group in the high potassium solution was 27.86 ± 9.88 and 7.61 ± 4.31.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions High potassium solution cause intracellular calcium ion concentration increased.

AIM: To explore the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the endometrium of rats with polycystic ovarian syndrom (PCOS) and evaluate the relationship between GLUT4 expression and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS: 54 female SD rats of 85 days were randomized to control group (n=20), PCOS model group (n=17) and metformin treatment group (n=17). The rats in the latter two groups were induced by Poretsky's method for PCOS model, followed by placebo or metformin, respectively. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the expression of GLUT4 in endometrium was detected by ElivisionTM Plus two steps immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor(INS-R) proteins of endometrial glandulan epitheliu in PCOS rats were significantly lower (P

Objective To investigate the changes of regulatory T cells (Treg) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after ultrasound- guided percutaneous cool- tip radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and to discuss its influence on the prognosis. Methods A total of 30 patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. The percentage of Treg in peripheral blood was estimated with flow cytometry before RFA and one, 4, 7 and 12 months after RFA. During the follow-up period, the therapeutic effects were evaluated by contrast enhanced sonography or contrast enhanced CT scanning. By using the methods of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier survival function, the correlation of Treg dynamic changes with the progression-free survival time was analyzed. Results One month after RTA, the tumor response (TR) rate in the 30 patients was 93.3% (28/30), the tumor progression (TP) rate was 6.67%(2/30). The percentage of Treg before RFA was (9.42 ± 1.16)%, which decreased to (6.55 ± 0.97)% one month after RFA, the difference was statistically significant (t = 15.325, P <0.001). Twelve months after RFA, TR rate became 33.3%(10/30), and TP rate became 66.7%(20/30). The preoperative percentage of Treg of TR group was (8.75 ± 0.72)%, which was significantly lower than that of TP group (9.76 ± 1.20)%, the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.448, P=0.021). ROC curves indicated that the optimal cut-off value of Treg nadir was 4.82%, the sensitivity was 90.0% and the specificity was 60.0%. The optimal cut-off time to reach Treg nadir was 5.5 months, the sensitivity was 70.0% and the specificity was 85.0%. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that after RFA the progression-free survival rate (PFS) of patients with Treg nadir ≤ 4.82% was significantly higher than that of patients with Treg nadir>4.82%. PFS of patients with reaching Treg nadir≥5.5 months was significantly higher than that of patients with reaching Treg nadir<5.5 months. Log-rank test results were字2=5.207, P=0.023; 字2=22.079, P < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion Percutaneous cool-tip radiofrequency ablation can decrease the percentage of Treg cells. Besides, Treg nadir and the time reaching Treg nadir can reflect the prognosis of HCC patients after RFA to a certain extent.