Objective:To evaluate the influence of the implant-supported porcelain bridges made from non-precious metals using spark erosion techniques, and to discuss the feasibility and details of making the implant restoration by spark erosion technique.Methods: The study included 12 patients ( 9 males and 3 females) with 92 units implant-supported non-precious porcelain bridge from Sep.2011 to Feb. 2013.All the patients received implant treatment in Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.The total of 52 implants, were from Nobel Biocare implant system, Camlog implant system and Ankylos implant system.The implant analogs were connected in sequence with a copper wire to guarantee conductivity.The implant electrodes represented one electrode and the superstructure the other.During spark-erosion machining, the cast holding the implant electrodes and the prosthetic framework were moved toward one another, causing an electrical erosion of the protruding ele-ments.Results:After the spark-erosion machining, the minimum gap between the framework and abut-ment was 0.21 mm, which was two units bridge.The maximum was 2.59 mm, which was 11 units bridge with 6 implants.The average gap was 0.68 mm.After the spark-erosion machining, the bridge fitted well with the passive position stability.Conclusion: The method of making implant-supported non-precious porcelain bridge reduces costs on patients.Spark erosion has the potential to provide implant framework with an excellent fit.The patients are satisfied with the clinical results.

Objective To obtain the comprehensive information of the normal peroneal nerve by high resolution ultrasonography.Methods The cross-sectional area was measured by observing the traveling law of peroneal nerve as well as its ultrasonographic features,choosing the polyline level of popliteal and the peroneal nerve around the fibular neck as measurement point.Results There was no significance on statistics in differences of the above-mentioned cross-sectional area.The overall mean of its peroneal nerve were (0.139 ± 0.043)cm2 and (0.114 ± 0.032)cm2 resectively; and its peroneal nerve among men seems a little bit wider than that among women,the old wider than the youth.It was positively correlated with height and weight(r =0.569,0.625,respectively,both P ＜0.05).Conclusions The high-resolution ultrasound can show the form and shape of the peroneal nerve,thus providing diagnostic criteria in quantity by measuring its normal cross-sectional area.

Objective To develop a molecular method to type coagulase-negative staphylococci(CNS) using 16S～23S internal transcribed spacer-PCR(ITS-PCR)Methods ITS-PCR was performed to identify six control strains and a collection of 171 clinical strains, identified as CNS by AutoScan-4 System The API Staph system also tested the discrepant strainsResults A total of 11 CNS species from control strains and clinical ones confirmed by the API Staph system were resolved by their unique ITS-PCR patterns These results constructed the primary database of CNS in the laboratory They were obtained with Staphylococcusepidermidis, Shaemolyticus, Shominis, Ssaprophyticus, Sxylosus, Swarneri, Scapitis, Scohhni subspurealyticum,S sciuri, Sauricular, Ssimulans Only S sciuri showed intraspecific polymorphism on its ITS-PCR pattern 9357%(160/171) clinical isolates can be identified by this ITS-PCR data base and the accuracy is 9375%(150/160) The coincidence of the API Staph system and ITS-PCR was better than that of AutoScan-4 system results There is at lest 936%(16/171) CNS results from AutoScan-4 system are falseConclusion ITS-PCR is verified as a valuable, easy to perform, rapid, high reliable and low cost molecular typing method for coagulase negative staphylococci

Objective To investigate the effects of methylprednisolone on lung function and inflammation during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy.Methods Sixty patients (46 males, 10 females, aged 18-60 years, ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ) scheduled for pulmonary lobectomy were randomly divided into two groups (n=30 each) using a random number table: the control group (group C) and the methylprednisolone group (group M).Patients in group M were treated with methylprednisolone before induction of anesthesia within 30 min, whereas patients in group G received equal volume of normal saline at the same time.The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), peak airway pressure (Ppeak), plateau airway pressure (Pplat), and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were recorded at the momment before OLV (T1), 30 min after OLV (T2), 1 h after OLV (T3), 10 min after resuming two-lung ventilation (T4) and the end of the surgery (T5).The arterial blood gas analysis were performed at the above time points in order to determined the oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), then the oxygenation index (OI), alveolar to arterial difference of oxygen tension (A-aDO2) and respiratory index (RI) of each patient was evaluated.The concentration of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA at T0, T4, 6 h (T5) and 24 h (T6) after surgery using venous blood samples.The incidence of pulmonary complications at 72 h after operation were also recorded.Results Compared with T0, the MAP and Cdyn was decreased, whereas the Ppeak and Pplat was increased significantly in both group at T1, T2 (P＜0.05), the OI was decreased and the A-aDO2, RI was increased significantly at T1-T4 (P＜0.05), and the concentration of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 at T4-T6 was increased significantly in both group (P＜0.05).Compared with group C, the Cdyn was increased, the Ppeak and Pplat were decreased significantly in group G at T1, T2 (P＜0.05), the concentration of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased, and IL-10 was increased significantly in group G at T4-T6 (P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications had no statistically signifcant differences between the two groups.Conclusion Methylprednisolone can significantly improve the pneumodynamics and lung compliance, alleviates the inflammatory responses, but have no significant effect on intrapulmonary oxygenation and gas exchange during one-lung ventilationin patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of goal-directed fluid therapy on postoperative rehabili-tation in elderly patients undergoing surgery in the prone position.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 60-75 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physieal status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective lumbar surgery in the prone position under general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:conventional fluid therapy group (group C) and goal-directed fluid therapy group (group G).The CNAP system was used to monitor stroke volume variation and cardiac index continuously in group G.Mean arterial pressure was maintained at 60-110 mmHg,central venous pressure at 6-12 emH2O and urine volume more than 0.5 ml · kg-1 · h 1 using conventional fluid therapy in group C.In group G,goal-directed fluid therapy was performed under the guidance of stroke volume variation,and cardiac index was maintained at 2.5-4.0 L · min-1 · m 2.The requirement for crystalloid and colloid solution,total volume of fluid infu sed,blood loss,urine volume and requirement for vasoaetive agents were recorded during operation.After anesthesia induction,at 1 h after turning to the prone position and at the end of operation,blood samples were collected fromn the left radial artery for blood gas analysis,and the blood lactate concentration was recorded.The volume of drainage within 3 dlays after operation,perioperative blood transfusion,early postoperative cardiovascular and pulmonary complications,development of oliguria and anuria,emergence time and length of hospital stay were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the requirement for crystalloid solution,total volume of fluid infused,urine volume and requirement for vasoactive agents were significantly decreased during operation,the requirement for colloid solution was increased during operation,the blood lactate concentration was decreased at 1 h after turning to the prone position and at the end of operation,the length of hospital stay was shortened,and the incidence of postoperative cardiovascular and pulnonary eomplications was decreased in group G (P＜0.05).Conclusion Goal-directed fluid therapy can promote postoperative rehabilitation and shows a certain clinical value in elderly patients undergoing surgery in the prone position.

Objective To investigate the effects of phosphcreatine preconditioning on lung injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats.Methods Forty-five SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 180-220 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:sham operation group (group S), renal IR group (group IR), and phosphcreatine preconditioning group (group PCr), 15 cases in each group.The rats in group S recieved dissoci ation of renal pedicles and right nephrectomy, on top of which renal IR model was prepared in group IR and group PCr.phosphcreatine 150 mg/kg was injected in group PCr for 30 minutes before ischemia, where as rats in group S and group I/R recieved the normal saline at the same time.The blood samples were obtained from left ventricle at 6 hours after reperfusion, the arterial blood gas analysis was performed in order to determined the oxygen partial pressure (PaO2).Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined.Fluo 3-AM staining and flow cytometry were used to measure the concentration of alveolar macrophage calcium ions.The lung tissue was obtained with HE staining for determination of microscope examination of pathologic changes, and weight/dry (W/D) ratio were also determined.The lung tissue cell apoptotic rate was measured by Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection reagent staining and flow cytometry.Fluo 3-AM staining and flow cytometry were used to measure the concentration of alveolar macrophage calcium ions.Results Compared with group S, the histopathological demages, W/D ratio, lung tissue cell apoptotic rate, the serum levels of MDA and the concentration of alveolar macrophage calcium ions were signifcant increased (P<0.05), whereas the PaO2 and the activity of SOD were signifcantly decreased in group IR and group PCr (P<0.05).Compared with group IR, the histopathological demages, W/D ratio, lung tissue cell apoptotic rate, the serum levels of MDA and the concentration of alveolar macrophage calcium ions were signifcant decreased (P<0.05), whereas the PaO2 and the activity of SOD were signifcantly increased in group PCr (P<0.05).Conclusion Phosphcreatine preconditioning can attenuate lung injury induced by renal I/R, the mechanism is related to inhabit oxidative stress, and reduce cell apopotosis and calcium overload.

Objective To evaluate the 10-year clinical results of implant prostheses in edentulous patients.Methods Between August 1994 and November 2009,762 implants were placed in 127 patients (162 jaws) with the mean age of (56.0 ± 10.9) years in Peking University,School and Hospital of Stomatology.Sinus lift,guide bone regeneration (GBR) and onlay graft were used according to the indications of bone defect types.Overdentures and fixed bridges were delivered.Overdentures were retained/supported by ball,magnet,telescopic crown or milled bar.Clinical evaluation included peri-implant soft tissue health status,prostheses functional status and complications.Radiographic evaluations were conducted at operation day,3 months post-operatively,right after prostheses delivery,and annually afterwards.Clinical data were collected and analyzed.Results Of the 127 patients,116 were edentulous mandible and 46 edentulous maxilla,with a mean follow-up period 109.2 months (45-228 months).Thirteen implants were lost and the 10-year implant cumulative survival rate was 97.8％ and the prostheses success rate was 100.0％.The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 3.8％ (29/762).Sixty-seven point nine percent of the patients underwent implant placement without bone graft.Sinus lift technique and guided bone regeneration technique were the most often used with 84.8％(39/46) in the upper jaws and 6.2％(10/162) in the total jaws respectively.Seventy-one percent of the cases(115/162) was overdentures.Telescopic,milled-bar,and magnetic retained/supported overdentures were the most commonly used with 34.8％(40/115),27.0％ (31/115),and 20.0％ (23/115) respectively.The implant-supported fixed prostheses included adhesive retained fixed bridges and screw retained fixed bridges with the ratio of 19.1％ and 80.9％ respectively.The prevalence of 10-year post-prosthodontic complications was 53.5％(68 cases).The most common complications were prosthetic and uperstructure complications.Conclusions The 10-year implant-retained/supported prostheses was a successful modality in edentulous cases.Sinus lift technique and guided bone regeneration technique are the most commonly used techniques with predictable clinical results.Telescopic crowns milled bar and magnet with 4-6 implants retained/supported overdenture were the most often used retention systems and telescopic crown overdenture had more advantages in terms of long-term maintenance and satisfaction.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of maxillary sinus augmentation and implant placement following removal of a maxillary antral cyst.Methods In this study 32 patients with 33 maxillary antral cysts were enrolled.The partial wall of cyst was removed through a small lateral sinus approach and cyst spontaneous shrink was expected when wall of cyst was destroyed for open drainage.Three to six months later the secondary sinus approach 1.5 mm circling the first approach for augmentation was undertaken.Dental implants were placed simultaneously or later.All patients finished prosthetic rehabilitation in the study and were followed up for (30.9±11.5) months.The intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.The survival rate of the implants was calculated.Results In this study,33 maxillary antral cysts of 32 patients were removed.Maxillary sinus augmentation was performed after a mean of (4.5± 1.5) months(range,2-8 months).Sixty-two implants were inserted and all patients finished prosthetic rehabilitation after a mean of (10.8±2.7) months(range,5-17 months).The survival rate of implants was 95％ (59/62).Three implants failed before their prosthesis delivered due to failure of osseointegration and were reinserted later.No recurrence of cyst was observed until the last recall.In this study,24 specimens were mucosal cysts.Five specimens were mucoceles and 4 specimens were not certain in pathology.Conclusions Maxillary sinus cysts have a negative effect on maxillary sinus augumentation if not removed.The present preliminary data of the study suggests that the clinical result of maxillary sinus augmentation and implant placement following removal of a maxillary antral cyst is predictable.

Objective To investigate the occlusal force distribution and the characteristics of the occlusion time of patients with All-on-4 rehabilitation at different occlusion position using T-Scan Ⅲ occlusal analysis system.Methods Thirteen volunteers with All-on-4 rehabilitation were included in this study.T-Scan Ⅲ occlusal analysis system was used to measure the occlusal force distribution and the time character of the patients at intercuspal position,protrusive position,and lateral excursive position.Results Maximum intercuspation:the left and right premolars took most of the occlusal force,namely (17.3±3.1)％,(15.8±4.6)％,(15.5±2.2)％ and (15.2±5.5)％(4),(5),(4),(5),the implants areas including the premolar and anterior teeth took (64.0±6.7)％,(19.2±8.0)％ of occlusal force.The left and right sides took the respective percentages of (50.5±6.1)％,(49.5±6.1)％,and there was no difference.Protrusion position:the region (21)(12) commitment to take the percentage of (90.4±27.7)％.Occlusion time:0.18(0.11,0.26) s,disclusion time:0.52 (0.35,1.14) s.At the left and right lateral position,8 patients were single teeth-supported occlusion,5 patients were group fuctional occlusion,the average occlusion time was 0.20(0.13,0.34) s,and DT was 1.07 (0.58,1.46) s.Conclusions At maximum intercuspation:the implants areas including the premolar and anterior teeth were the occlusal force centers;the force concentrated in the area ((21)(12)) at the protrusion position.The lateral occlusal pattern shows multiformity.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze transforming growth factor-β1( TGF-β1)-induced differentially expressed genes( DEGs) in human embryonic lung fibroblast( IMR-90) using microarray,and to screen the key genes and signaling pathways related to trans-differentiation of fibroblast.METHODS: The gene chip GSE17518,attained from TGF-β1 stimulated IMR-90 cells,was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.The DEGs were screened by GENE-E software.Then,the DEGs were imported into the DAVID online database for Gene Ontology( GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes( KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.The proteinprotein interaction( PPI) network was constructed and the hub genes were screened using STRING database and Cytoscape software.RESULTS: A total of 394 DEGs related to TGF-β1 stimulation were identified,including 171 down-regulated genes and 223 up-regulated genes.The results of GO analysis showed that the DEGs were widely distributed in cytoplasm,cell membrane,extracellular matrix( ECM) and exosomes,regulating biological functions such as ECM organization,cell migration and adhesion,cell proliferation and apoptosis.The results of the KEGG pathway analysis indicated that most of DEGs were enriched in cell focal adhesion,ECM-receptor interaction and phosphoinositide 3 kinase-Protein kinase B( PI3K-Akt) signaling pathways.The PPI network screened 10 core genes,included nucleolar protein 2( NOP2),succinate dehydrogenase B,glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase( EPRS),FtsJ homolog 3( FTSJ3),prefoldin subunit 4,Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2,signal recognition particle receptor subunit beta,succinate-Co A ligase GDPforming beta subunit,pumilio RNA binding family member 3( KIAA0020),and general vesicular transport factor p115.NOP2,EPRS,FTSJ3,KIAA0020 were mainly distributed in M1 module.The NOP2 is the core gene with the highest number of nodes in M1 module.CONCLUSION: A total of 10 core differential genes and 7 signaling pathways related to TGF-β1 stimulation were screened.Among them,focal adhesion,ECM-receptor interaction,PI3K-Akt and NOP2,EPRS,FTSJ3,KIAA0020 may provide new direction for research of mechanisms of abnormal activation of fibrotic diseases including silicosis in incidence and development of multiple lung fibrotic diseases.