Interventional radiology is a most active and fastest developing field in medical science with many attracting achievements recently. But it also has some problems. The author investigated some problems and the normalization of interventional techniques for the benefits of better development of this field.

Interventional radiology has lot of advantages in dealing with various emergencies. The technique is minimally-invasive,highly-effective and immediately-efficient,moreover,it integrates the diagnosis with the therapy perfectly. Besides,the interventional techniques applied in emergency medicine include not only the vascular interventions,such as embolization,embolectomy,etc,but also the nonvascular interventions,such as tracheal stent implantation,percutaneous vertebroplasty and so forth. However,importance has not been attached to the clinical use of interventional therapy in emergency medicine so far. It is imperative for us to promote the acceptance of interventional therapy in emergency medicine as well as to popularize the technique in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate whether intrauterine hypoxia and ischemia can produce long-time effects or NOSI can prevent these damages. Methods Fetal rat intrauterine distress model was constructed. The rats were divided into the normal group, hypoxia and ischemia reperfnsion group and treatment group. Pupa were given to surrogate mothers and the ability of learning and memory at 40 day of age after delivery were examined. Then the water maze test was performed to detect the space learning ability and memory function of rats, and the changing of synaptophysin levels in hippocampns were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Result Behavioral results show that fetal distress produces cognitive impairment demonstrated by Morris water maze performance including a higher escape latency score and a de-creased cross platform time. The COD of Syp positive immunoreactive product in hippocampus were less decreased than that in the normal group or NOSI group. But the behavioral results and the COD of synaptophysin had no difference between normal group and NOSI group. Conclusions Fetal distress produced cognitive impairment and led to the decreasing of synaptophysin in hippocampns. Effective measure can relieve these damages.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter lipiodol chemoembolization therapy (TOCE) for HCC via inferior phrenic artery (IPA) and to analyse the location of the tumor feeding inferior phrenic artey. Methods Twenty five cases of HCC underwent the procedure of TOCE via the IPA, as well as the hepatic artery using Seldinger's method. The patterns of tumor growth included huge type in 12 cases, solitary nodular type in 8 cases and multiple nodular type in 5 cases. Hepatic artery and inferior phrenic artery chemoembolizations were performed in all cases. Results Inferior phrenic artery originated from celiac trunk in 16 cases (64%); abdomen aorta around celiac trunck in 8(32%). The sitesot tumors supplied by IPA in right lobe (Ⅶ,Ⅷ segment) were 23 cases and left lobe (Ⅳ segment) 2 cases. The cumulative survival rates of IPA chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma were 84%(1 year) and 68%(2 years). No severe complications occurred. Conclusions TOCE of the IPA is a safe and effective method in the management of HCC supplied by IPA. When the tumor site is adjacent to diaphragm, hepatic ligaments or bare area, may arouse the blood supply by IPA, especially in no tumor staining or staining defect in hepatic artery angiography but tumor enhancement on CT, and increase of the level of serum ? fetoprotein.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative transarterial chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Methods A total of 60 cases of invasive bladder cancer have been confirmed on open surgery and pathological studies were retrospective studied.The cases were allotted to preoperative transarterial chemotherapy group (30 cases) and operation alone group (30 cases).Preoperative transarterial chemotherapy was performed by infusing anticancer drugs into internal iliac artery.Surgery was performed in 1～2 weeks after transarterial chemotherapy.The bladder preservation rate,recurrence rate,metastasis rate and survival rate were compared between the 2 groups. Results In the preoperative transarterial chemotherapy group,the bladder preservation rate was improved and the recurrence rate dropped (P0.05). Conclusions Preoperative transarterial chemotherapy is a safe and effective method in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer.

Objective To understand physical and mental health status of children affected with AIDS and other children living in vulnerable families in a pilot county of the China /UNICEF AIDS Prevention and Care Project.Methods By random sampling,250 children of 0-17 years of age in a project county in Yunnan province were selected from 3 types of family:with family members affected with AIDS,with family members using illicit drugs,and poor family.Height were measured to all 250 children.Psychological questionnaire was used to interview 154 children over 6 years.Results There was no significant difference in height,but significant differences in psychological status among children from the 3 types of families.Among the children affected with AIDS,near 68% had difficulty or were indecisive in coping with problems in their daily life ;58% were worried about peer interaction;67% were relatively self-confident,which was lower than children affected by drug abuse,and the latter was 89%.Conclusion The mental status of children from the 3 types of family is different,and community care should be provided by considering the difference between them.

Objective To compare and analyze the main manifestations of HIV/ AIDS impact on marriage and family structure.Methods The relevant data of 931 HIV households and 995 non-HIV households were collected in five provinces with high HIV prevalence in China,using the method of questionnaire survey.The differences between people living with HIV/ AIDS(PLWHA)and non-HIV individuals in marriage and family structure were analyzed and compared.Results The percentage of PLWHA who were unmarried,divorced,widowed and remarried was higher than that of individuals in non-HIV households;the average size of the non-HIV households was 4.4 persons,while the size of HIV households was 4.0 persons;of the surveyed HIV households 41.1 % were stem families,while in the case of non-HIV households this percentage was lower,only 33.4 %.The rate of school enrollment among children in HIV households was lower than that in non-HIV households,while the rate of labor participation among the elderly in HIV households was higher than that in non-HIV households.Conclusion The results indicate that HIV/AIDS destroys the normal marriage among PLWHA,leading to an increased number of stem families and changes in family structure;the impact on the elderly and children in the HIV households is severe.All this means that HIV/AIDS weakens or even destroys the family function.

[Objective]To investigate the impact of endplate facture on prognosis of thoracolumbar fracture.[Method]Seventy-three patients with thoracolumbar fractures were treated with transpedicular bone grafting combined with pedicle screw fixation system.Of them,thirty-four cases eligible for the study were divided into groups A and B.Group A:no endplate fracture or minor endplate fracture.Group B:bursting endplate fracture.The height of fractured vertebra and the Cobb angle before and after operation,and at the final follow-up were determined and analysed.[Result]There were no significant differences in Cobb angles and height between growps A and B before operation.After operation,the height of fractured vertebra in group B were lower than that of group A.The Cobb angles had no significant difference between the two groups.The height and Cobb angles between the two groups had significant difference at final follow-up.The improvement in group A was significant higher than in group B.[Conclusion]Endplate bursting facture affects the reduction of fractured vertebra and causes loss of the vertebral height and the corrected angle.

Objective To determine the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic biliary metallic stents in the management of biliary obstruction. Methods 75 domestic biliary metallic stents were implanted in 66 of 72 patients with obstructive jaundice due to malignant (n=70) and benign stenoses (n=2). Results The technical successful rate was 92.7% (64/66). Palliation with rid of jaundice was achieved in 96.9% (64/66) within 1 month. The 30-day mortality rate was 3% (2/66). Early complications occurred in 7.6% (5/66). 44 patients were followed from 2 to 24 months after treatment. 33 (33/42) of 42 patients with malignancy died after a median survival of 5.3 months (range 2-23 months). The remaining 9 patients (9/42) remained alive with a mean follow-up of 11.6 months. The stent patency rates were 92.8%,89.9% and 79.4% at 3,6,12 months respectively. 6 patients (6/42) presented stent occlusion within a median period of 3 months. One of two patients with benign stenoses sustained a patency duration time of 24 months. One patient died 3 months after treatment. Conclusions The domestic biliary metallic stent implantation is efficacy and safety in the management of biliary obstruction.

Objective To study the value of interventional therapy for chest diseases via internal mammary artery (IMA) and the features of internal mammary artery angiography. Methods 31 cases of different chest diseases were undertaken the angiography and interventional therapy through IMA. Results The lesions of 31 cases were supplied by internal mammary artery partly or totally. The good therapeutic effectiveness was achieved in 20 cases with pulmonary carcinoma. The masses and the enlarged lymph nodes were shrinked obviously in 4 cases of advanced breast carcinoma and one of them was cured with operation after internal mammary arterial infusion. One case of low invasive thymoma was cured by internal mammary arterial infusion combined with resection. The bleeding was stopped absolutely after IMA embolization in 6 cases of hemoptysis (bronchiectasis in 2 cases, pulmonary tuberculosis in 4 cases). Conclusions The interventional therapy via IMA is very important and necessary when the mass in the chest is supplied by IMA.