Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are ion channels which are activated by the binding of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP),they play a central role in the signal transduction pathways of vision and olfaction.Six different genes encode CNG protein,containing four A subunits (A1-A4) and two B subunits (B1 and B3).CNGA3 and CNGB3 have been found to be implicated in achromatopsia-associated mutations.Recently,a huge amount of researches showed the good responses to gene therapy in achromatopsia animal models.This article briefly reviewed the physiological roles of CNG channel in retinal cone photoreceptor cells and the recent research achievements of gene therapy in CNG channel-deficient mouse models with achromatopsia.

Biomarkers ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Early Diagnosis ; Hepatorenal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Renal Artery

Acupoint,as the special body surface part where the qi of zang-fu and meridians infuses, arouses the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion. Through the exploration for the origin and the evolution of acupoint, and the integration of the related data about acupuncture-moxibustion theory and modern research, it is believed that acupoint is not fixed and it may be in a state of dynamic change. Also, it is bound up with body function. Acupoint is relatively static and the location is immobile while the body is in normal physiological status. When the body is under pathological condition,however, it is activated and the position is correspondingly changed.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Meridians

The plasmids of recombinant suicide vector containing the truncated stn gene and the deleted stn gene were constructed. The Salmonella stn-deficient mutant was prepared by homologous recombination between the mutant stn gene in the recombinant suicide vector and the wild-type gene in the chromosome of S. Typhimurium 2000. The detection of biological activity of stn gene production in those mutants indicated that Salmonella stn-deficient mutants evoked significantly less fluid secretion in mouse intestinal loops compared to that seen with wild-type Salmonella. Upon oral challenge of mice, the fifty percent lethal dose of the Salmonella stn-deficient mutants was greater than that for the wild-type bacteria. Those studies showed that the stn gene is very important factor in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis.

Results of the study showed that Dendrobium candicum and domestically cultivated Panax quinquefolius can alleviate asthenic symptoms in mice with thyroidism-type "Yin" deficiency. Combined use of these two drugs protected these mice from death. Both drug antagonized the inhibitory effect of atropine on salivary secretion in rabbits, and when used in combination even increased salivary secretion in nomal rabbits. These results proved that D. candicum and domestically cultivated P.quinquefolius Possessed the effects of nourishing "Yin" and promoting glandular secretion with a synergistic effect when used in combination.

The plasmids of recombinant suicide vector containing the truncated stn gene and the deleted stn gene were constructed. The Salmonella stn-deficient mutant was prepared by homologous recombination between the mutant stn gene in the recombinant suicide vector and the wild-type gene in the chromosome of S. Typhimurium 2000. The detection of biological activity of stn gene production in those mutants indicated that Salmonella stn-deficient mutants evoked significantly less fluid secretion in mouse intestinal loops compared to that seen with wild-type Salmonella. Upon oral challenge of mice, the fifty percent lethal dose of the Salmonella stn-deficient mutants was greater than that for the wild-type bacteria. Those studies showed that the stn gene is very important factor in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis.

Objective To observe the effects of silencing IGF-1 receptor on the expression of Caspase12 , a endoplasmic reticulum specificity apoptosis protein of the peroxidation damage in L02 cells. Methods Four the recombined plasmids expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specific for sileincing IGF-1R gene were constructed and these shRNAs were potentially targeted on different mRNA sequences of the IGF-1 receptor gene (Sh-H-IG1R- 1108, Sh-H-IGF1R-2797, Sh-H-IGF1R-3215 and Sh-H-IGF1R-3787). These constructs were classed as the experimental group. Another two constructs containing an irrespective sequence and no sequence were defined as a positive control group a negative control group , respectively. All these constructs were transfected into the L02 cells by Lipefectamine 2000. The interference effect was detected by RT-PCR after 24 h and the plasmid stably silencing the expression of IGF-1 receptor was selected for further analysis which was divided into four groups: the blank control group(Group A), the peroxidation damage group(Group B), the negative plasmid transfection group (Group C) and the positive plasmid transfection group (Group D). The expression of Caspase12 was detected by Westen Blot after 12 h. Results The amplification folds of experimental groups were statistically significantly lower than those of the Sh-H-IGF1R-V1 group and Sh-H-IGF1R-V2 group (P < 0.05). The silence effect of the Sh-H-IGF1R-3215 group (0.02 ± 0.01) and the Sh-H-IGF1R-3787 group (0.05 ± 0.05) were most stable and the repeatability of the later was better. The expressions of Caspase12 in Group B (2.41 ± 0.03), Group C (2.45 ± 0.02) and Group D (3.60 ± 0.06) were higher than Group A (0.34 ± 0.02) (P < 0.01). The Group Cexpression was higher than that of the Group B (P > 0.05). The Caspase12 expression in Group D was higher than that in Group B and C (P < 0.01). Conclusion (1) Of all the four constructs in this study, Sh-H-IGF1R-3787 is the most suitable for silencing IGF-1 receptor. (2) Silencing IGF 1R expression using shRNA plasmids can aggravate the L02 cells apoptosis, suggesting that the IGF-1/IGF 1R signal pathway might be involved in regulating the activation of apoptosis in L02 cells with peroxidation damag via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Glioma is the most common type among the malignant brain tumors ,and it accounts for almost half of central nervous system tumors .In addition,one of characters of glioma is easy to relapse .The key to pro-long the patients′survival time is how to choose appropriate treatments after surgical resection .With the develop-ment of medical technology ,precise approaches to treat these tumors are applied ,including radioactive particle im-plantation in brachytherapy and gene therapy .In this paper ,we discuss the status of the two therapies respective-ly,analyzing their superiority and inferiority ,and explore the prospects for the development of combined therapy in order to improve the prognosis of glioma better .

Objective To investigate the dose response relationship for K562 cells' loss of proliferation ability induced by 60Co γ ray irradiation. K562 cell morphological change and Egr-1 expression level are also investigated. Methods 3H-TdR incoporation assay, Giemsa Staining, RT-PCR were used in this study.Results It was noted that the proliferation inhibition is positively dose-dependent. K562 cells showed extensive changes in both morphology and Giemsa staining characteristics after radiation exposure. The irradiated cells acquired characteristics which the high differentiated cells had only. In the early stage after exposure to 5 Gy 60Co γ ray irradiation. A transient transcriptional upregulation of Egr-1 gene which was related to apoptosis and differentiation was observed.The transcriptional level reached its top on time point of 0.5 ～1 hours after exposure. Eight hours after exposure, the transcriptional level was below normal.Conclusions The proliferation inhibition of K562 cell is positively dose dependent. Egr-1 gene can be rapidly activated after exposure to 5 Gy 60Coγ ray. After exposure to 60Co γ ray irradiation, K562 cells entered into a more mature stage on differentiation of morphological

Ischemic reperfusion is the common mechanism of some chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes,coronary heart disease,hypertension,and so on.Previous studies of insulin resistance is mainly focused on the relationships of these chronics,while now,in recent years,the research between the insulin resistance and ischemic reperfusion has gradually become one of the new and hot points,closely related to the patient's prognosis.In this paper,we will review the insulin resistance and ischemic reperfusion according to the reported literature review.