Objective:To study the in vitro effects of propofol on apoptosis and Bax expression induced by TNF-? in mouse spinal cord neurons.Methods: Spinal cord neurons were isolated from fetal mice and cultured in neurobasal medium with B27 supplement.On the 7th day of culture,neurons were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group,propofol(50 ?mol/L) group,TNF-? group,propofol(25 ?mol/L) with TNF-? group,propofol(50 ?mol/L) with TNF-? group and propofol(100 ?mol/L) with TNF-? group.Propofol with different concentrations was incubated with cultured cells for 30 min,then TNF-? was added with the final concentration of 2 000 U/ml for another 24 h incubation.Apoptosis was detected by PI/Hoechst33342 double staining technique and fluorescence microscopy.Bax expression was determined by immunocytochemical technique.Results: The apoptosis rate and expression of Bax in TNF-? group were both increased compared with those in control group(([21.8?1.1]%) vs [2.8?0.8]%,P

Objective To observe the reactivity of spinal cord transection (SCT) rat abdominal aorta to ?-AR agonists and the infuence of propofol on vascular reactivity, so as to explore the mechanism of autunomic dysreflxia. Methods The rats were divided into sham-operated group and SCT group. 4 weeks after transection of the fourth thoracic spinal cord, the rats were killed, then abdominal aorta rings were adopted to assay their sensitivity to noradrenaline, phenylephrine, clonidine and propofol in isolated organ perfusion system. Results Compared with the rats in sham-operated group, the abdominal aorta reactivity of SCT rats to noradrenaline and clonidine was significantly higher (P

BACKGROUND:Inactivated autologous replantation in repair of bone defects after bone tumor resection has obvious advantages. Boiling, alcohol soaking, cryogenic freezing, microwave, radiation and other methods have been used for inactivation; however, they al have shortcomings. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect and feasibility of high temperature and high pressure inactivated autologous bone in repair of large segmental bone defects. METHODS: Bone defect models of bilateral distal radius were established in New Zealand white rabbits. Bone defect at the right side was repaired by high temperature high pressure inactivated autologous bone via in situ replantation, as experimental group. Bone defect at the left side was repaired byin situbone replantation, as control group. The general observation of bilateral radius, X-ray detection, bone radionuclide scan test and histological examination were conducted at the 6th, 12th and 24th weeks after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the 24th week after surgery, X-ray films showed normal bone healing in these two groups. At the 24th week after surgery, bone radionuclide scan test showed that in the experimental group, the radiation on the repaired bone segments was uneven; the concentrations of nuclear elements were stil slightly higher on both ends, but decreased in the middle area; and the concentration in the control group was closed to normal. At the 24th week after surgery, histological observation showed that there were a majority of trabecular bone tissues in the bone defect area of the experimental group, and some woven bone tissues were immature, which was similar to the performance of the control group at the 12th week after surgery; and normal bone was visible in the control group. These results demonstrate that high temperature and high pressure inactivated autologous bone can be used to repair long segmental bone defects, but can result in delayed bone healing.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the liver function of offspring rats de?livered by cesarean section. Methods Twenty?four Sprague?Dawley rats, at 20 days of gestation, weig?hing 230-270 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), propofol 2.0 mg∕kg group (group P2), propofol 4.0 mg∕kg group (group P4), and propofol 8.0 mg∕kg group (group P8). In P2, P4 and P8 groups, the corresponding doses of propofol were injected intravenously, and the cesarean section was performed at 30 min after loss of righting reflex. In group C, the pregnant rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at the corresponding time point, and the offspring rats were removed immediately and inhaled oxygen sufficiently. The neonatal rats were sacrificed immediate?ly, and the blood samples were taken from the heart for determination of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations, and the livers were removed and cut into sections which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for microscopic examination of the pathological changes. Results Compared with group C, the plasma ALT and AST concentrations in the offspring rats were significantly increased in P2, P4 and P8 groups (P<0.05). Compared with group P2, the plasma ALT and AST concentrations in the offspring rats were significantly increased in P 4 and P 8 groups ( P<0.01). Compared with group P4, the plasma ALT and AST concentrations in the offspring rats were signifi?cantly increased in group P8 (P<0.01). In P2, P4 and P8 groups, marked pathological changes of liver tissues were observed, and the severity was gradually aggravated in turn in offspring rats. Conclusion Propofol can induce damage to the livers of offspring rats delivered by cesarean section in a dose?dependent manner.

AIM To test the hypothesis that intravenous liposomal prostaglandin E 1 (Lipo PGE 1) would attenuate reperfusion injury in a rabbit ischemia reperfusion model. METHODS Twenty four open chest rabbits were randomized to receive a 10 minute intravenous infusion of either liposome diluent (placebo), free PGE 1 (2 ?g?kg -1 ), or Lipo PGE 1(2 ?g?kg -1 PGE 1) after 60 minutes of left anterior desending (LAD) ligation just before reperfusion. Carotid arterial pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored and recorded continously throughout the whole experiment. After 2 hours reperfusion, infarct size and region at risk were measured by postmortem dual dyes with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and Evans blue. Myocardial leukocyte infiltration by myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay was performed. RESULTS Infarct size as a ratio of weight of infarcted tissue to weight of region at risk (MI/RISK) was significantly reduced with Lipo PGE 1 32.20%?4.70% compared with PGE 1 42.09%?6.93% or placebo 44.57%?5.46% ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of morphine combined with cisplatin on inva-sionon and migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549.Methods Human lung adenocarcino-ma A549 cells were inoculated on cultured for 24 h,then were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group (group CON),cisplatin group (group CIS),morphine 0.3 μg/ml+ cisplatin group (group MT1),morphine 3 μg/ml+ cisplatin group (group MT2),morphine 30 μg/ml+ cisplatin group (group MT3).Cisplatin concentration was 4μg/ml.Each group was medicated immediately after 48 h incubation,invasion detection cells by Transwell assay,cell scratch assay cell migration ability, Western-blot detection of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2),the expression of MMP-9,Ezrin protein and Fascin protein.Results Compared with group CON,group CIS and morphine combined with cisplatin group reduced tumor cell invasion and migration ability,group MT3 and CIS down-reg-ulated MMP-2,MMP-9,Ezrin and Fascin expression (P<0.05).Compared with group CIS,com-bined with cisplatin group enhanced tumor cell invasion and migration ability group MT3,up-regula-ted MMP-2,MMP-9,Ezrin and Fascin expression (P<0.05).Conclusion Morphine may dose de-pendently reduce cisplatin on invasion and migration of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, and up-regulation of MMP-2,MMP-9,Ezrin,Fascin expression is one of its possible mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the stimulation of exosome derived from osteosarcoma cells suppressing cytotoxic T cells and the inhibitory effect of active T cells for surpressing osteosarcoma cells. Methods Exosome derived from tumor cells was isolated and purified by ultracentrifugation. Its morphology was observed with transmission electron microscope, and the major histocompatibility complex-I ( MHC-I) molecules were analyzed by western blot. Mice bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were pulsed with exosome. Surface membrane MHC-I molecules were analyzed with flow cytometry. The effect of active T cells on the growth of osteosarcoma cells were detected by MTT assay after the T cells being stimulated by exosome-pulsed dendritic cells. Results The exosome was round or near round corpuscle, and the diameter was about 50-100 nm by transmission electron microscope. The size was relatively homogeneous. Western blot showed that the exosome expressed MHC-Ⅰmolecules. Surface membrane CD80,MHC-I and II molecules were expressed on 77. 16%, 83. 21%, and 91. 26% of LPS-treated dendritic cells, respectively, which were up-regulated compared to untreated cells. Dendritic cells pulsed with exosome derived from osteosarcoma cells caused significantly higher T cells stimulation and osteosarcoma cells inhibition as compared to un-pulsed dendritic cells. (P<0.05). Conclusion T cells can inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma cells after being stimulated by exosome-pulsed dendritic cells in vitro.

Objective To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effects of anterior retropharyngeal approach in treatment of C2/3 fracture and dislocation.Methods Twelve patients with C2/3 fracture and dislocation treated via anterior retropharyngeal approach between November 2011 and April 2013 were included in the study.There were 7 males and 5 females aged from 19 to 65 years (mean,35 years).Primary pathologies included 7 patients with traumatic C3 fracture,2 with Hangman fracture and 3 with fracture and dislocation of the anteroinferior margin of C2 vertebrae.C2-C4 vertebrae were exposed using anterior retropharyngeal approach,followed by C2/3 discectomy or C3 corpectomy,decompression,interbody cage fusion or titanium mesh cage fusion,and anterior internal fixation.Results Exposure of lesion was sufficient for all patients and all operations were completed under direct vision,with mean operation time of 140 minutes and mean blood loss of 120 ml.One patient with reduced tone after operation gradually recovered in a week; one with dysphagia after operation recovered in 3 months; one with skin necrosis 7 days after operation was recovered by changing dressing; for the rest,there were no complications of incision hematoma,infection,or asphyxia.Ten patients were followed up for mean 15 months,which showed bony fusion in mean 6 months.At final follow-up,no implant loosening or displacement occurred.Conclusion Anterior retropharyngeal approach to C2/3 fracture and dislocation provides sufficient exposure of lesions,minor trauma,and less bleedings and complications,but as the local anatomy is complicated,there indeed exists a learning curve of the approach.

Objective To investigate the effect of iodine-131(131Ⅰ) therapy on patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma concurrent metastases.Methods 50 cases with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after operation ac-cording to metastaticsites were given one of fractionated treatment,a total removal of dose(370～740)×107Bq,inter-val of 4 months.Results 35 of 50 patients(70.O%) had successful ablation of residual thyroid tissue after the first administration of radioiodine.Metastatic carcinoma in 18 cases,6 cases(33.3%) were cured,effective treatment was shown in 8 cases(44.4%)and treatment failure in 4 cases(22.2%);Thyroid metastasis before treatment were signifi-cantly higher than non-HTG thyroid metastasis(t=2.715,P<0.01),decreased significantly after treatment(t=2.844,all P<0.01);The contents of CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8++ in treatment group after treatment[(26.5±4.7)%、(39.4±5.7)%、(0.6±0.4)%] were lower than before treatment[(38.3±5.6)%、(29.8±6.9)%、(1.4±0.5)%](t=2.345,t=2.244,t=2.451,all P<0.05).Conclusion Treatment with multiple hlsh doses of 131Ⅰ was safe and effective with little adverse side-effect.

Objective To investigate the expression and chnical significance of β tubulin Ⅲ in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).Methods The expression of β tubulin Ⅲ in tumor tissue of 47 patients with LACC was detected by immunohistochemical SP method.The relationship between expression of β tubulin Ⅲ and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with paclitaxel,clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results The response rate of NACT was 72.3％ (34/47).The β tubulin Ⅲ positive expression rate was 72.3％(34/47),(+) expression rate was 40.4％(19/47),(++) expression rate was 12.8％(6/47),(+++) expression rate was 19.1％(9/47).The response rate of NACT in patients with (++) and (+++) expression was significantly lower than that in patients with (-) and (+) expression [46.7％(7/15)vs.84.4％ (27/32),P =0.007].The expression of β tubulin Ⅲ was related to pathological grade (P =0.021),it was not related to pathological type,clinical stage,status of lymph node metastasis (P =0.822,0.336,0.839).Conclusions The NACT of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin is effective to LACC.The abnormality expression of β tubulin Ⅲ in LACC tissue relates to drug resistance of paclitaxel and biological behavior of cervical cancer,it may be an index to predict prognosis of cervical cancer.