Objective To explore a new method for establishing an animal model of cochlear ischemia.Methods Thirty guinea pigs were randomized into three groups:normal group,operation group,ischemia group.Anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA)was exposed surgically via a skull base approach.In ischemia group,a small piece of filter paper containing FeCl3 was placed upon the AICA to induce thrombus formation.In operation group,AICA was only exposed.In normal group,nothing was done to animal.The blood flow of cochlea(CoBF)was continuously monitored with laser Doppler flowmeter.The thresholds of auditory brainstem response(ABR)were measured before,after each experiment,and one week after operation.The AICAs of ischemia group and operation group were resected and pathological sections were perfomed for observation of the details.Results After the administration of FeCl3,the CoBF decreased to 50% of the base level at 30 min.In the AICA pathological sections of ischemia group,white thrombus composed of cellulose,blood platelets and erythrocytes could be seen.The threshold of ABR in ischemia group increased significantly.Conclusion The method provides a relatively ideal model for ischemis of the inner ear and this model may be helpful in studying the mechanisms of hearing loss caused by chronic microcirculatory disorders.

Objective To investigate localization and co-existence of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)on the cochlear spiral modiolar artery(SMA) and its branches.Methods The SMA was dissected from the modiolus so that the entire length of the vessel and many of its branches could be observed. Immunohistochemical ABC method and confocal immunoflurescence technique were employed to localize each compound and to determine whether the TH and CGRP coexist in neurons of the SMA.Results Microscopic examination of whole vessel preparation revealed numerous TH and CGRP-positive neural networks innervating the SMA and its branches.The labeled nerve fibers showed distinct arborization ,varicosities and overlap,and were of different diameters. The overall distribution of neuronal labeling suggested a gradual decrease of innervation density from proximal (cochlear base)to more distal vessels, i.e., apical cochlear vessels and lateral radiating arterioles. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of double-labeled TH and CGRP neurons showed that a number of the TH-and CGRP-positive neurons were co-labeled. Thus, TH and CGRP partially co-exist within the neuronal innervation of SMA.Conclusion These findings support a hypothesis that specific neuropeptide and adrenergic neurons regulate cochlear blood flow.

Objective To investigate the auditory condition in adults with hearing-impairment and evaluate the outcome of the hearing aid. Methods The threshold of air-bone-conduction audiometry and binaural hearing aid in 91 adults were determined with pure tone audiometry,and their satisfaction to hearing aids were investigated with free interview. Results The threshold of hearing and hearing aid were positively correlated. The satisfaction did not significantly correlate with the threshold of hearing aid, but with the time of deprivation of hearing. The hearing threshold classification was better in the patients with the audiogram of flat, raising, slow down type than with audiogram of Shu type, which defined as hearing reacted only in 1 or 2 frequency. Conclusion It is important to improve the primary otology protection, as well as the rehabilitation from the hearing aids.

AIM: To establish a model of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced steroid resistance in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and to investigate the potential mechanism of SEB superantigen-induced steroid resistance in vitro. METHODS: PBMCs were isolated from normal children blood by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation and stimulated with SEB at different concentrations. The proliferation rate of cells was measured by MTT assay. The subcellular localization of glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) was examined by confocal microscopy. Protein phosphorylation was measured by means of Western blotting. RESULTS: SEB induced steroid resistance in a range of 10-500 μg/L and no significant difference among concentrations was observed. In SEB-stimulated PBMCs, the GRα did not translocate to the nuclear after dexamethasone treatment. ERK inhibitor U0126 significantly attenuated the inhibition of GRα nuclear translocation in SEB-stimulated PBMCs. SEB also induced more rapid and sustained phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in PBMCs. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SEB may contribute to steroid resistance through ERK pathway and is associated with abrogation of GRα nuclear translocation.

Objective To investigate the regrlative role of the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the cochlear blood flow and auditory function in guinea pig.Methods The horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was given to spiral modiolar artery locally for retrograde tracing in guinea pig. Immunohistochemical double-labeled technique was used in this study. The cochlear blood flow and auditory brainstem response(ABR) was measured a week after anilateral superior cervical sympathectony. The animal model of superior cervical sympathectomy following noise exposure in guinea pigs was estableshed to observe the auditory threshold shift.Results Retrogradely labeled neurons with HRP were found in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion(SCG). Most of HRP-labeled neurons in SCG were tyrosion hydroxylase(TH) positive. The blood flow of the capillaries of the stria vascularis on the experimental side a week ago were more aplenty than that of the opposite side, but the ABR threshold did not changed before and after ablation of the superior cervical ganglion.A protective role against noise injury was observed after surgical ablation of superior cervical ganglion.Conclusion The superior cervical sympathectomy can influence the cochlear blood flow and auditory function in guinea pig.

Objective To analyze the features of intracranial epidermoid cyst on CT and MRI imaging.Methods 26 patients with intracranial epidermoid cysts proven pathologically were examined with pre-and post-contrst enhanced CT and MR imging,and 6 of 26 cases undergone CT plain scan.CT and MR imaging of 20cases were retrospectivelly reviewed.Results Among 26 cases,16 were located in the cisterns of cerebell opontine angle,7 in saddle area.2 inside of the skull;1in the brain essence.On CT,25 cases were homogeneous hypodense,one case was promiscuous high density,16 cases demonstrted inhomogeneous hypointensityimaging on T1WI,and inhomogenous hyperintensity on T2WI.4 cases display inhomogeneous signal.No contrast enhancement was noted except 2 cases with slightly periphery enhancement.One case brain organization receives invades,There was edema around tumor.17 cases demonstrated slightly inhomogeneous hyperintensity on FLAIR MR images,3 cases obviously advance.Conclusion The CT and MRI features of intracranial epidermoid cysts were certain characteristic,and MRI played an important role.as to uncharacteristic epidermoid cyst,there is still space for further research.

Objective:To investigate differences in serum uric acid levels between elderly patients with prostate cancer and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods:A total of 300 prostate cancer patients admitted to the urology department of our hospital between Feb.2010 and Jun.2019 were retrospectively analyzed.During the same period, 240 BPH patients and 400 elderly men with normal prostate size were enrolled as the control group.Serum uric acid and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels, C-reactive protein(CRP), neutrophil count and lymphocyte count were determined.Serum uric acid concentrations were monitored in prostate cancer patients with different clinicopathological characteristics.Results:CRP and Neu/Lym levels were higher in the prostate cancer group than in the BPH and control groups( P<0.05). The serum uric acid level was (327.0±58.3)μmol/L in the prostate cancer group, lower than in the BPH group(375.2±68.4)μmol/L and the control group(377.8±73.2)μmol/L( F=55.69, P<0.001). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum uric acid was a protective factor for prostate cancer( OR=0.593, 95% CI: 0.542-0.718, P=0.004). There were significant differences in serum uric acid levels between prostate cancer patients with different ages and pathological grades( t=-4.63, F=12.73, P<0.001). However, serum uric acid levels were not significantly correlated with clinical staging or lymph node metastasis( F=-2.72 and 0.77, P=0.068 and 0.460). Conclusions:Compared with BPH patients and healthy males, serum uric acid levels are reduced and inflammatory markers are increased in prostate cancer patients, indicating that serum uric acid may be a risk factor for the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer in the elderly.

Objective:To examine the risk of long-term cognitive impairment in elderly prostate cancer patients aged 75 years and older undergoing androgen deprivation therapy(DAT), and to analyze the correlation between DAT and cognitive impairment.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study.Elderly prostate cancer patients aged 75 years and older in the National Cancer Database(SEER)from 1996-2003 were included.According to whether ADT was received, patients were divided into the ADT group(n=82 514)and the control group(n=121 856). Baseline clinical data were compared between the two groups. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis and the Log- rank test were used to compare the incidence of cognitive impairment(dementia and Alzheimer's disease)between the two groups. Cox risk ratio regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between ADT and cognitive impairment. Results:A total of 204 370 patients were enrolled in this study.The mean age of patients was(79.2±4.6)years.Compared with the control group, the ADT group was older and had higher prostate specific antigen levels, higher proportions of poorly differentiated tumors, more complications and a higher proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy( P<0.05). During the follow-up of(12.1±3.3)years, a total of 41 661 cases of dementia were diagnosed, including 13 634 in the ADT group and 28 027 in the control group, and 28 945 cases of Alzheimer's disease were diagnosed, including 9 372 in the ADT group and 19 573 in the control group.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test showed that the incidence of dementia in the ADT group was higher than that in the control group( χ2=8.10, P=0.004), and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease was also higher in the ADT group than in the control group( χ2=5.06, P=0.024). Cox regression analysis results showed that ADT significantly increased the risk of dementia( HR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.14-2.57, P=0.01)and Alzheimer's disease( HR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.08-2.46, P=0.02), compared with treatment that did not include ADT. Conclusions:The risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease is increased in elderly prostate cancer patients aged 75 years and older after ADT.

ObjectiveTo establish an ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for detecting the bile acid expression in serum and to explore the relationship between the bile acid spectrum and the obesity.Methods After pre-treatment through solid phase extraction,serum samples were chromatographed by gradient elution on an UPLC HSS T3 column,and then mass spectrometric analysis of bile acid was performed by multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) mode with negative electrospray ionization (ESI).And its methodology performance, including specificity,linearity,sensitivity,imprecision and recovery,were verified according to the guideline of State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA).Furthermore,serum samples from 10 simple obesity subjects and 10 healthy controls were analyzed with this establishedmethod, and ranksum test was used for statistical analysis.Results This established UPLC-MS/MS method could simultaneously quantify 14 bile acid subgroups in serum sample,its analytical linear range was 10 - 20 000 nmol/L.For different bile acid subgroups,the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02 - 7.90 nmol/L,limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.07 -44.20 nmol/L; and its within-day coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.35％ - 12.41％,between-day CV was 1.11％ - 13.04％ ; the relative recovery ratio of this method was 89.8％ - 114.6％.Some differenceswere observed in chromatogram between obesity and control subjects,and both free bile acid and conjugated bile acid concentrations in obesity subjects [ 0.49 ( 0.45 - 1.90 ),1.44 ( 0.84 - 3.72 ) μmol/L ] were lower than them in control subjects [0.98(0.53 -3.06),1.99(0.67 -2.88) μmol/L],but the difference was not significant ( Z =- 0.958,- 0.801,P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThis established UPLC-MS/MS method can efficiently differentiate and quantify 14 bile acid subgroups,and is characterized with broad analytical measurement range,good analytical sensitivity and precision.This method can be applied for the free and conjugated bile acid analysis in clinical specimens.

Objective The patients with non-syndromic deafness in Shanxi Province were retrospectively an_alyzed for the common deafness gene mutations and frequency of mutations carrying rate ,to understand the molecu_lar pathogenesis of deafness in Shanxi area .Methods Genomic DNAs of 800 patients of non -syndromic deafness within Shanxi were obtained from peripheral blood .Genes GJB2 ,GJB3 ,SLC26A4 and mitochondrial 12SrRNA 1494 and 1555 loci were sequenced after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and compared with the NCBI website for the analysis of the formation of mutations .ResuIts Among 800 patients ,353 cases (44 .13% ) showed detected deafness related mutations and the genetic etiology was found for 294 patients (36 .75% ) .Among them , 153 cases (19 .13% ) carried double allele mutations in the GJB2 gene .The most frequent mutation of GJB2 gene was 235delC ,and the carrying rate was 13 .5% (216/1 600) .The double mutant allele of SLC26A4 gene was detec_ted in 123 cases (15 .38% ) ,and the most common mutation was IVS7-2A>G ,identified in 7 .44% (119/1 600) of patients .Homogenic mitochondrial 12S rRNA 1494C> T mutation in one patient and 1555A> G mutation in 15 patients were detected .GJB3 gene c .538C > T heterozygous mutation was found in two patients .Altogether , 36 .75% (294/800) of patients with deafness were caused by gene mutations .ConcIusionThe data containing GJB2 gene and SLC26A4 gene carrying rate are consistent with the published data of non-syndromic deafness in the Northwest region of China ,but the carrying rate of mitochondrial gene mutations is lower than the average level of China .Our data show that the gene mutations contribute to 36 .75% of etiology in patients with deafness .This study reflects the importance of deafness related genes screening in Shanxi area for early diagnosis and genetic con_sultation .