Objective To investigate the effects of different selective attention on the amplitudes of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) .Methods DPOAE measurements were performed in 30 young adults (60 ears) in no task (baseline) ,visual selective attention and auditory selective attention ,respectively .The suppression of DPOAE amplitudes were observed in different selective attentions .The visual selective attention was to counter the number of letter Q presented on computer screen .The auditory selective attention was to counter the number of 2 .0 kHz toneburst in the insert earphone .Results Visual and auditory selective attention both decreased the DPOAE amplitudes in mid - low frequencies (0 .75 ~ 2 .0 kHz) .The suppression effects of visual selective attention were significant stronger than that of auditory attention in 0 .75 ~ 1 .0 kHz .The suppression amplitudes were 8 .54 ± 4 .76 and 5 .27 ± 2 .32 dB at 0 .75 kHz ,respectively .They were 7 .66 ± 5 .22 and 3 .22 ± 2 .15 dB at 1 .0 kHz ,re‐spectively .There were significant differences between the two selective attentions suppression (P< 0 .05) .Conclu‐sion Visual and auditory selective attention can both decrease the DPOAE amplitudes .The suppression effects of visual selective attention were significant stronger than that of auditory attention .

Humans ; Podocytes ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different ways of fluid resuscitation on uncontrolled traumatic hemorrhagic shock. MethodsThe retrospective analysis of data from 220 casualties with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock admitted from September 2006 to October 2010 was carried out.There were two ways of fluid resuscitation used to treat casualties with hemorrhagic shock,conventional fluid resuscitation (group A) and limited fluid resuscitation (group B).The systolic pressure was maintained at 90 ～ 135 mm Hg in the group A and at 70 ～ 90 mm Hg in the group B.The data of body temperature,central venous pressure,quantity of blood transfused,urine output,renal function,hemoglobin,blood osmotic pressure (Osm) ,MODS and DIC rates,treatment costs and mortality of two groups were statistically analyzed and compared. Results After analyses of above mentioned variables except renal function and comparison made between two groups,the method of limited fluid resuscitation was much superior over conventional fluid resuscitation (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no noticeable difference in rate of compromised renal function between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions In the case of uncontrolled exsanguination,the method of limited fluid resuscitation can maintain blood perfusion of vital organs,reduce the blood loss and decrease the incidence of MODS and mortality.

Objective To investigate the improved approach and bile duct approach of laparoscopic biliary tract exploration for the treatment of the elderly patients with common bile duct stones. Methods Ninety-two elderly patients with common bile duct stones were enrolled and randomly divided into the improved group and the conventional group ,with 46 cases in each group. The time of hemorrhage ,the time of common bile duct suture,the recovery time of gastrointestinal function,the time of hospitalization,body temperature,albumin and total bilirubin levels,complications and recurrence of stones were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results The time of hemorrhage,the time of common bile duct suture,the recovery time of gastrointestinal func-tion and the time of hospitalization in the improved group were lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05, respectively). The body temperature of patients in the improved group was lower than that in the conventional group on 3 days after surgery(P<0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications in the improved group was lower than that in the conventional group (P < 0.05). No recurrence of stones was observed in both two groups. Conclusion The improved approach for laparoscopic common bile duct exploration surgery results in less bleed-ing,short common bile duct suture time,rapid postoperative recovery,less body temperature fluctuations and less complications,deserving popularization.

Objective To investigate the influence of long-term sound conditioning on the physiology of outer hair cells.Methods Twenty healthy guinea pigs were exposed to a broadband noise for 14 days consecutively at the level 90 dB(A),8 h/day.The DP-gram and input/output(I/O)function(1~8 kHz)were measured at pre-conditioning,fourteen days conditioning,seven days post-conditioning and fourteen days post-conditioning,respectively.Results The results of DP-gram measurements demonstrated that long-term sound conditioning could enhance the DPOAE amplitudes within low frequencies(1~3 kHz,especially 5.0 dB at 2 kHz and 7.5 dB at 3 kHz,P

Objective This study was to evaluate a new radical resection of hepatic hydatidosis. MethodSince 1999, total subadventitial cystectomy through the intraadventitial space of the hepatic hydatid cyst was performed on thirty patients with 45 liver hydatid cysts. Results The procedure was successful in all cases with no intraoperative rupture of the cysts. The average blood loss per cyst was 20?ml. There was no operative mortality, nor postoperative complications. Twenty one cases were followed up for an average period of 11 months with no recurrence. Conclusions The results indicate that the new procedure is a safe and radical alternative for the treatment of hepatic hydatidosis.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of deep needling at Tianshu (ST25) with electroacupuncture in treating post-stroke constipation. Method Forty-eight patients with post-stroke constipation were randomized into an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a medication group, 24 cases in each group. The EA group was intervened by deep needling at Tianshu with EA, while the medication group was by Cong Rong Tong Bian oral liquid. After 1 treatment course, the constipation symptom score was observed and the clinical efficacy was calculated. Result After 1 treatment course, the symptom score, total effective rate, recovery plus markedly-effective rate of the EA group were superior to that of the control group, and the inter-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Deep needling at Tianshu with EA can significantly enhance the clinical efficacy in treating post-stroke constipation and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the means of different anterior surgical approaches for cervicothoracic vertebral tumors, tumor excision procedure and reconstruction. Methods The clinical manifestation of tumors, different operative approaches, surgical procedures and prognosis of 7 cases admitted in our hospital from March, 1999 to May, 2002 were reported. Results After a follow up of 3 to 28 months, neurological function was improved significantly in all cases. One case with angiosarcoma and 2 cases with metastatic adenocarcinoma (C7, C6 7, T1) died of metastasis in other multiple locations and system failure in 3, 8 and 13 months after surgery respectively. No recurrent tumor focus was found at the operative sites during the follow up period. Conclusion The operative approach, surgical procedure and cervicothoracic spine anterior reconstruction should be selected according to the nature and location of tumors.

Objective To explore the diagnosis value of narrow-band imaging magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) in the early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions while estimating the quality,depth and treatment strategy.Methods One hundred and eleven cases of patients with suspected early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions,who underwent ESD treatment,were selected as the study subjects.To estimate the diagnosis value of NBI-ME in the quality,depth and treatment strategy with pathological histology as gold standard.Results While estimating quality,there was no low grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN) cases with NBI-ME.A total of 33 cases were diagnosed as high grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN),including 30 cases of HGIN and 3 cases of LGIN after ESD treatment,and the other 78 cases were diagnosed as early esophageal cancer,including 5 cases of LGIN,22 cases of HGIN,and 51 cases of early esophageal cancer.Compared with the pathology results,the quality consistency of NBI-ME is general:K=0.498.While estimating depth,there was no LGIN cases with NBI-ME.A total of 33 cases were diagnosed as HGIN,including 30 cases of HGIN and 3 cases of LGIN after ESD treatment,67 cases were diagnosed as intramucosal carcinoma,including 5 cases of LGIN,22 cases of HGIN,30 cases of intramucosal carcinoma,and 10 cases of submucosal carcinoma after ESD treatment,and 11 cases were diagnosed as submucosal carcinoma.Compared with the pathology results,the depth consistency of NBI-ME is general:K=0.469.Most of the patients shoud be treated by ESD except 8 cases of LGIN.Conclusion The study shows general diagnosis value of NBI-ME in estimating quality,depth and treatment strategy of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of colorectal cancer in community people in Shanghai,and clarify the necessity of colorectal cancer screening in community residents.Methods From April 2013 to September 2014,colonoscopy examination was carried out in people who participated in colorectal cancer screening in Shanghai with positive result of fecal occult blood test or with high-risk in colorectal cancer evaluated with the risk factors questionnaire.A total of 1 990 individuals were recruited.The colonoscopic results of them were retrospectively analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results The 1 990 individuals received colonoscopy examination aged from 50 to 92.Among the 1 990 individuals with colonoscopy examination,colorectal polyps,colorectal cancer and carcinoid were found in 1 027 cases,and the total detection rate was 51.6％.The detection rate of colorectal polyps was 48.7％ (969/1 990),and the maximum diameter of polyps was 3.5 cm.The detection rate of colorectal polyps of the male was 59.3％ (532/897),which was higher than that of the female (40.0％,437/1 093),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =73.7,P＜0.01).The detection rate of colorectal polyps in group 50 to 60 (not include 60) years old,60 to 70 (not include 70) years old,70 to 80 (not include 80) years old and ≥80 years old was 37.5％ (139/371),48.7％ (524/1 075),55.9％ (248/444) and 58.0％ (58/100),respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =31.3,P＜0.01).The detection rate of colorectal cancer was 2.7 ％ (54/1 990).The detection rate of male rectal cancer was 3.8％ (34/897),which was significantly higher than that of female (1.8％,20/1 093),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.2,P＜0.05).The detection rate of colorectal cancer in group 50 to 60 (not include 60) years old,60 to 70 (not include 70) years old,70 to 80 (not include 80) years old and ≥80 years old was 1.6％ (6/371),1.9％ (20/1 075),4.3％ (19/444) and 9.0％ (9/100),respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =23.7,P＜0.01).The detection rate of rectal carcinoid was 0.2 ％ (4/1 990).Conclusions The prevalence of colorectal polyps and cancer is high in screening community people with high-risk of colorectal cancer.Colorectal cancer screening in community people ≥ 50 years old with sequential screening method is important.