Whole-body PET-CT scanning has been used in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor to providing functional and morphological imaging. As the most widely used semi-quantitative analysis index, the cutoff value of SUV would affect the final diagnosis, therapeutic regimen and prognosis estimation. Therefore, the article reviews the influential factors of SUV, its correction methods, its cutoff values of differential various tumors and the progress of SUV. Although there is no acknowledged cutoff value of SUV in tumor diagnosis, SUV is still an important semi-quantitative index, and its rational and prudent use would increase both of the sensitivity and specificity in tumor diagnosis.

PET-CT, SPECT, and SPECT-CT examinations could lead to inevitable medical exposure for patients, and the radiation dose of this examinations and whether it was harmful to patients have attracted attention from the public and professionals. At the same time, there was still a controversy about whether the biological effect of low dose radiation was useful to human body. The research investigates and reviews the radiation dose of PET-CT, SPECT, and SPECT-CT scans and their biological effects. Under achieved to the demands of clinical conditions, operators should try to reduce the radiation dose of PET-CT, SPECT, SPECT-CT scans for patients. Although PET-CT, SPECT, SPECT-CT scans deliver inevitable radiation, the dose of single examination will not lead to deterministic effect, and even the view of the random effect of linear no-threshold from these scans also have been questioned.

Whole-body PET/CT scanning is accompanied by substantial radiation dose in clinic. A large proportion of the radiation dose for examination obtained from whole-boby PET/CT is from CT scan. So how to control radiation dose without impairing CT image quality determined by the clinic is particularly important. Anthropomorphic phantom is the best choice for the study of radiation dose and image quality in PET/CT. The article reviews the meaning of anthropomorphic phantom and the study about PET/CT image quality and radiation dose with the phantom, Then analyzes the relationship between image quality of CT in PET/CT and radiation dose in the practical application.

To assure the quality and safety of nuclear medicine imaging,quality control for the imaging equipment is essential.Quality control consists of a series of special tests for assurance and adjustment of equipment accuracy according to specific standards.The development and status of quality control and the standards for nuclear medicine imaging equipment are investigated and reviewed in this study.The results show that the quality control and feasibility of the standards are both in need of improvement in China.

0.05).However, the frequency of the allele of g(-1359)t polymorphisms was higher in patients than that in the controls(P

Objective To contrast the effects of anti-hypoxia and immunoregulation of two kinds of craft prepared Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid. Method Mice were divided randomly into 7 groups:control group and two preparation craft Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid (6, 3, 1.5 g/kg). The animals were intragastric administration with drugs for 14 d. The dead time, carbon clearance rate and index of thymus and spleen in each groups were observed and measured. Results Compared with the control group, two craft prepared Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid significantly prolonged survival time and increased mono-macrophage capability of carbon clearance (P

Objective:To study the radiation dose rate around patients underwent renal dynamic imaging of SPECT with 99Tcm-DTPA, so as to provide the basis for ensuring the radiation safety of the surrounding environment and the general public.Methods: 109 patients who underwent renal dynamic imaging were enrolled in this study, and the radiation dose rates of different time and different distance after 99Tcm-DTPA was injected patients were measured. And then, the changes of dose rate following time and distance were analyzed. Results: At the 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 6h, and 7h after radiopharmaceuticals were injected patients underwent renal dynamic imaging, the radiation dose rates were 0.76-8.86 μSv/h, 0.68-7.27 μSv/h, 0.57-4.52 μSv/h, 0.56-3.90 μSv/h, 0.23-2.07 μSv/h and 0.21-1.05 μSv/h, respectively, between 0.5 m and 4 m away from patients. At 24h after radiopharmaceuticals were injected, all of radiation dose rates at different distances around patients were same with background values.Conclusion: The radiation dose rates around patients underwent renal dynamic imaging will rapidly decrease with the increasing of time and distance. At 24h after radiopharmaceuticals were injected, all of radiation dose rates at different distances away from patients were same with background values.

BACKGROUND: The effects of low-level laser biostimulation have been proved by various experimental studies and clinical application, which are manifested as tissue repairing, analgesia, antiinflammation, etc.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of He-Ne laser and low-level CO2 laser irradiation on fracture healing.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Research Room of Laser Medicine, Chengde Medical College.MATERIALS: Forty-eight healthy male New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, were used.METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Research Room of Laser Medicine, Chengde Medical College from 1998 to 2003. ①The 48 rabbits were induced into models of experimental fracture of the left radius, and then they were divided into three groups with 16 rabbits in each group: control group, He-Ne laser irradiation group and CO2 laser irradiation group. The fracture areas of the animals in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were respectively irradiated with 28 mW/cm2 He-Ne laser and 150 mW/cm2 CO2 laser for 10 minutes, once a day. ② The animals were killed on the 15th and 35th days after taking roentgenogram respectively. At 15 days, the collagen and calcium contents in callus were detected. At 35 days, the biomechanic anti-torsion strength was examined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Results of roentgenogram in each group; ② Collagen and calcium contents in callus; ③ Results of biomechanic anti-torsion strength.RESULTS: Totally 45 rabbits were involved in the analysis of results. ① On the 15th and day after fracture, the roentgenogram, collagen and calcium contents in callus in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were better than those in the control group, and the collagen and calcium contents in callus were higher in the CO2 laser irradiation group than in the He-Ne laser irradiation group [(341.9±30.1) vs (302.1±28.7) mg/g; (197.1±19.7)vs (156.5±17.6) mg/g, P＜ 0.05]. ②On the 35th days after fracture, the biomechanic anti-torsion functions in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were superior to that in the control group, and there were no significant difference between the two laser irradiation groups. ③ The results of roentgenogram in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were better than that in the control group both on the 15th and 35th days after fracture, and there was no significant difference between the two irradiation groups.CONCLUSION: Both CO2 laser and He-Ne laser irradiations can accelerate the process of fracture healing, and the curative effect of CO2 laser is better than that of He-Ne laser on the 15th day after fracture, but there is no significant difference clinically between the CO2 laser and the He-Ne laser irradiations on the 35th day after fracture.

Objective To investigate the dynamic expression from gene and protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) during the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in neonatal rats.Methods A neonatal rat model of HPH was established,normal neonatal rats were enrolled as the control group.At the 3th 、7th、10th and 14th days,we measured the mRVSP through catheterization of right ventricule,collected hearts to figure out the right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI),evaluated vascular remodeling by the percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of the small pulmonary arteries (MT％) and the percentage of medial cross section on area to the total cross section area of the pulmonary small arteries (MA％),observed the expression of HIF-1α by immunochemistry,and measured the expression of HIF-1α in mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.Results The mRVSP increased at the 3th day,and sustained until the 14th day (P ＜ 0.01).RVHI MT％ and MA％ increased at the 7th day,and sustained until the 14th day (P ＜0.01).HIF-1α mainly expressed in endothelium and smooth muscle cells in the CHPH group and the HIF-1αmRNA increased significantly on the 3th and 7th days (P ＜ 0.05),and the HIF-1α protein increased significantly on the 7th、10th and 14th days in the CHPH group compared with the control group(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The mRVSP increased at the early stage after hypoxic exposure in neonatal rats,followed by vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy.Both mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α sustained higher than control group during the vascular remodeling stage,indicating that HIF-1α might be a important factor contributing to the vascular remodeling.

Normalizing GFR with variables is important for non-cancer patients,especially for kidney donors.The most frequently evaluated variables are body surface area (BSA),extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and lean body mass (LBM).It is difficult to accurately quantify BSA and the power of BSA normalization decreases in children and obesity population.The ECV normalization is suitable for healthy children,but its clinical value decreases in patients with damaged renal function.The LBM can be accurately measured and has a larger serviceable range in the normalization.Although the influence factors of LBM should be extensively evaluated,the available data indicate that LBM is more suitable in the normalization of GFR than BSA and ECV.