In our experiment, strain guage was used to investigate the stress distribution in half-ring sulcated external fixator on fresh human tibia and the influence of the number and diameter of stainless steel pin and the compression at fracture ends on stress distribution. The conclusions are as follows: half-ring Sulcated external fixator has no significant influence on the stress distribution on intact human tibia, the rate of stress protection caused by external skeletal fixation is very small (?=1.486) and half-ring sulcated external fixation can be used to result in equal compression at fracture ends; increasing the number and diameter of pin will significantly increase the rate of stress-protection; compression external fixation can not only improve the stiffness of external fixation, but also reduce the rate of stress protection significantly.

Objective To study the surgical treatment and the way of incision of breast fibroma.Methods 106 patients with breast tumor were selected as the research subjects,and they were randomly divided into two groups.53 cases in the conventional incision group used the traditional radial incision surgery.53 cases in the ring areola incision group received the areola incision surgery.The resection time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative hospital stay and wound healing rate,bilateral symmetry rate,patient satisfaction and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The incision healing rate,bilateral breast symmetry and the patients' satisfaction rate of the areola incision group were 100.00％,94.34％,94.34％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the traditional incision group (81.13 ％,66.04％,81.13 ％),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.341,10.541,4.296,all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of postoperative complication of the areola incision group was 1.89％,which was significantly lower than 15.09％ of the conventional incision group (x2 =5.949,P ＜ 0.05).The breast fibroma resection time,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative hospitalization time of the areola incision group were (15.14 ± 0.15) min,(20.02 ± 1.53) mL,(5.52 ± 1.12) d,which were significantly better than those of the conventional incision group [(27.24 ± 1.91) min,(29.98 ± 2.72) mL,(7.26 ± 2.57) d],the differences were statistically significant (t =11.113,8.924,8.255,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The surgical treatment of breast fibroma and incision can affect the treatment effect,the areola incision surgery is better than the traditional radial incision,it can shorten operation time,reduce bleeding,reduce the incidence of complications,improve the healing rate,double side breast symmetry rate,the degree of satisfaction of patients,shorten the hospitalization time,which is worthy of promotion.

Objective To rapidly construct hepatitis B virus(HBV)adefovir(ADV)‐resistant strain(RT A181T)infectious clone by using SOE‐PCR ,to observe the expression of recombinant plasmids in Huh7 cells and to establish the in vitro cell model of HBV ADV‐resistant strain(RT A181T) .Methods The conservative primers were designed ,the full‐length HBV genome was amplified from serum in the patients with ADV‐resistant chronic hepatitis B .Then ,the 1 .3‐fold genome‐length infectious clone pHBV1 .3 was constructed by using the SOE‐PCR technique ,which was transfected into human hepatoma cells Huh7 cell line .ELISA ,Western Blot and Real‐time PCR were adopted to detect infectious cloning replication and expression ,meanwhile the antiviral drugs lamivu‐dine(LAM ) and ADV were used to verify the infectious clone copy and inhibition of expression .Results The HBV ADV‐resistant infectious cloning plasmids pHBV1 .3 was successfully constructed .This plasmid could be effectively replicated ,transcripted and ex‐pressed in Huh7 cell lines .LAM could effectively inhibit the replication and expression of the infectious clone ,while ADV could not inhibit the replication and expression of the infectious clone .Conclusion The constructed infectious clone plasmids pHBV1 .3(RT A181T ) of HBV ADV‐resistant strain can efficiently replicate and express protein in vitro ,its transfected cells can be used in the study of HBV replication mechanism and antiviral study .

Objective To investigate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields(PEMF)on the bone mineral density(BMD)and serum level of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-?1)in the disuse osteoporosis(DOP)rats.Methods Eighty 4-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 matched groups according to their weight:control group(INT group),DOP group,calcitonin group(CT group)and PEMF group.Rats in INT group were raised with the average amount of food consumed by the DOP rats.Right hindlimbs of rats in DOP,CT and PEMF groups were immobilized by tibia-tail fixation to establish DOP model as Zarzhevsky described.Rats in CT group were injected with calcitonin(2 IU/kg,i.p,once a day),and rats in group PEMF were irradiated with PEMF(8 Gs,15 Hz,a pulse time of 8 ms)immediately after operation.The rats(5 animals per time of each group)were killed at 1,2,4 and 8 weeks after operation and their right hindlimbs were resected.The BMD and serum TGF-?1 concentration were measured with a dual energy X-ray bone densitometer and ELISA respectively.Results Significant difference was observed in the femur proximal BMD between rats with right hindlimb immobilization(DOP group)and INT group 2 weeks later(P

Objective To study the effects of strontium (Sr) on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro,and to determine its optimal concentration.Methods Six milliliter of bone marrow was obtained from a healthy adult volunteer,the hMSCs were then isolated and cultured in vitro,and the cell phenotype was identified by flow cytometry.The 4th passage cells were used for experiment,and they were randomly divided into 5 groups:the osteogenic agents (10-8mol/L dexamethasone,50?g/ml ascorbic acid and 10mmol/L beta-sodium glycerophosphate) were used alone in the control group (group A),and the combination of osteogenic agents and different doses of strontium chloride (3.75?10-3,3.75?10-2,3.75?10-1 and 3.75mmol/L) were used in group B,C,D and E.The proliferation level,alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OCN) content of MSCs were determined by MTT colorimetric assay,enzyme-labeled method and radioimmunological method,respectively.The amount and area of calcium nodules in each group were observed by alizarin red staining.Results The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation rate of each group increased significantly with the lapse of culture time(P

Objective To establish a new enzymatic method for the determination of serum conjugated bilirubin (CB) by the use of bilirubin oxidase (BOD). Method Only the CB was oxidized by BOD under the conditions of pH 5.5 in the presence of sodium fluoride NaF and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) which could prevent the unconjugated and delta bilirubin oxidized. CB was quantitatively determined from a decrease in the absorbance at 450 nm caused by CB oxidization. Results The intra-assay CVs were 6.52% and 0.33% (n=20) at CB concentrations of 17.65 and 301.49 ?mol/L, respectively. The inter-assay CVs were 9.90% and 2.72% at 31.50 and 184.12 ?mol/L, respectively. The linearity was up to 320 ?mol /L. The optimum concentrations of selective inhibitors were 2.5 mmol/L for NaF and 2.5 mmol/L for NAC. The results of serum CB (Y) determined by this method correlated well with those determined by diazo-dye method (Y=0.839X-7.965, r=0.969). Conclusion The proposed reaction conditions could effectively inhibit the oxidation of unconjugated bilirubin by BOD, and thus increase the specificity of CB assay.

The pricking wound which may lead to serious hurt and undesired consequences always happensduring the blood sampling course,but unfortunately it hasn't drawn enough attention from the public.China is aprevalent area for hepatitis,and what is more,AIDS also shows an increasing tendency in recent years.Bloodpollution by the pricking wound accounts for a major occupational pollution and infection reason for thehematogenously infectious diseases.Based on his practical work experience and real data,the author expounds thecauses and precautions of the pricking wounds and puts forward some relevant policies and suggestions as well.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy ofWuzi Yishen Oral Liquid for female stress urinary incontinence.Methods Ninety patients were randomized into treatment group (45 cases) and control group (45 cases). The treatment group was treated byWuzi Yishen Oral Liquid, while control group was treated bySuoquan capsule. After three-month treatment, the clinical efficacy was observed by 1 h pad-test and urinary incontinence questionnaire scores.Results Compared with before treatment, the quantity of fluid loss of 1 h pad-test of the two groups was reduced significantly, and the symptom scores of urinary incontinence questionnaire were improved after treatment (P<0.05). The symptom scores of urinary incontinence questionnaire of the treatment group were higher than the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionWuzi Yishen Oral Liquid has obvious clinical efficacy for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.

Objective To introduce the arthroscopic treatment of acute tibial insertion avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament through double posteromedial portal and "Y" shaped bony tunnel, and to evaluate the clinical results. Methods 33 cases of acute tibial insertion avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament were treated arthroscopically through routine portal and double posteromedial portal. The high posteromedial portal was 4 cm proximal to the joint line, and the low posteromedial portal was just at the level of the joint line. The posterior cruciate ligament and avulsion bone fragment were held together with two USP 6 Aesculap polyester threads, which were first wrapped around the posterior cruciate ligament from anterior to posterior, and then tied behind the posterior cruciate ligament and over the bone fragment. The "Y" shaped bone tunnel was made with the common opening at the anteromedial aspect of the tibia and the tunnel arms opened backward at the inferomedial and inferolateral side of the tibial bed respectively. The threads were pulled out through the "Y" shaped bony tunnel and fixed on titanic button. With twisting of the button the threads were tightened and the fixation was insured. The patients were followed up for six months. Fracture reduction and union, knee stability, range of motion, as well as the total knee function were evaluated. Results All fractures were united without displacement. Six months postoperatively, except for one case with Ⅰ degree of positive posterior drawer test, no knee instability was detected; knee extension restored to normal in all cases and average range of flexion were 139??4.1?. 10? to 15? flexion limitation was found in 3 cases. The mean Lysholm knee score was 91.4?3.6. Conclusion Arthroscopic treatment of acute tibial insertion avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament is minimally invasive. The procedure through double posteromedial portal is appropriate, the use of "Y" shaped bony tunnel and button twisting are useful to assure the fixation.

Objective To introduce the way of arthroscopic patellar retinaculum adjustment and Fulkerson osteotomy, and to study its clinical results. Methods 35 cases of recurrent patella dislocation were treated by modified Fulkerson tibial tubercle anteromedial transfer, and arthroscopic patellar retinaculum adjustment including the medial retinaculum plication and lateral retinaculum releasing. The tibial tubercle was transferred 1.5 cm anteriorly and medially, and fixed with three Kirschner wires. The patients were followed for 25 months in average. The rate of reccurence, the subjective symptoms and the function of the injured leg were evaluated according to the IKDC and Lysholm rating scale. X-ray examination was taken to evaluate the patella-femur congruence. Results There were no recurrence at the last follow-up. Anterior knee pain, though in slight degree, still existed in 8 cases. The IKDC subjective knee scores were 37.4?4.9 and 92.1?5.3(P