Objective:To explore the values of electroencephalogram (EEG) combined with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of viral encephalitis (VE).Methods:A total of 63 patients with VE admitted to the Hangzhou Seventh People′s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were selected as the observation group. In addition, 80 healthy people suspected of central nervous system disease in the same period were selected as the control group. The data of gender, age, body mass and body mass index (BMI) were recorded, the Niolet V32 digital EEG instrument of American Nigolli Company was used for EEG inspection, and the level of serum GFAP was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The general data, abnormal EEG results and the level of serum GFAP of the control group and the observation group were compared. The diagnostic values of EEG and its combination with serum GFAP in VE were analyzed by four grid table; and the diagnostic value of serum GFAP for VE was evaluated by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:There was no significant difference in sex, age, body mass and BMI between the two groups ( P>0.05). The results of EEG diagnosis for VE showed that 11 of 63 cases were missed and 10 of 80 cases in the control group were misdiagnosed, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EEG diagnosis for VE were 82.54%, 87.50% and 85.31%, respectively. Compared with that of the control group, the level of serum GFAP of the observation group was higher: (460.19 ± 126.53) ng/L vs. (217.36 ± 53.17) ng/L, t =15.525, P<0.05. ROC curve showed that area under curve (AUC) of serum GFAP for VE diagnosis was 0.907 and cutoff value was 238.37 ng/L. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EEG combined with serum GFAP in diagnosing VE were 93.65%, 83.75% and 88.11%, respectively, and the sensitivity and accuracy of EEG combined with serum GFAP were higher than those of EEG and GFAP alone. The results of 12-month follow-up showed that 20 of 63 VE patients had sequel (poor prognosis group), 43 patients had good prognosis (good prognosis group), and the incidence of adverse prognosis was 31.75%(20/63). There were significant differences in EEG and GFAP between the good prognosis group and poor prognosis group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The sensitivity and accuracy of EEG combined with serum GFAP in the diagnosis of VE are good, which may be used for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of VE.

Objective To explore the factors influencing the intra-laboratory turnaround time ( ILTAT) and establish a COX regression model.Methods Data of 5 weeks with a total of 904 cases from the samples of blood routine examinations from January 2014 to June 2014 in The Third Hospital of Xingtai were randomly collected.The records of the samples included test dates , times of arrival , times of test , sample statuses, time consumption, time duration, operators, project portfolios, delay, PLT counts, results of 30-minute treatment and test weeks.Based on SPSS 17.0, the above indicators were analyzed by COX single factor analysis and then COX mutiple-factor regression analysis.Results Within the prescribed time , 421 cases were sent taking up 46.6%of the total samples.The ratios of sent cases in 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes are 10.4%, 24.7%, 46.6%, 58.7% and 82.1% respectively.The results of COX single factor analysis showed that times of arrival , sample statuses, times of examination, operators, project portfolios and delay had statistical significance for ILTAT ( P<0.05 ).The results of COX multiple-factor analysis indicated that right times of arrival had a positive impact in reducing the turnaround time of samples (Wald=40.446,P=0.000);non-office hours, project portfolios, physical check samples, and handovers were unfavorable factors to shorten ILTAT ( Wald =7.904,38.029,42.874,18.617, P =0.005,0.000, 0.000,0.000);Operator 5 was a favorable factor(Wald=11.039, P=0.001) and Operator 3 and Operator 10 were unfavorable factors ( Wald =6.432, 24.242, P =0.011, 0.000 ); no obvious discrepancy was observed for other operators (P>0.05).Conclusions Times of arrival, times of test, operators, project portfolios and delay were the independent risk factors leading to the delay in ILTAT.Other laboratories could determine the variable number of proportional hazards models based on their sample transport , test procedures and principal influence factors , and carry out quantitative evaluation on the factors in sample processing for improvement.Thus, significant decrease on ILTAT would be achieved.

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Galla chinensis etc.14 kinds of TCM against 112 strains of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Method Deterimination of antibacterial activity of Galla chinensis etc.against 112 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was performed by using new agar dilution method. Results The antibacterial efficiency of Galla chinensis, Forsythia suspensa and Acacia catechu (L.) Willd against 112 strains Staphylococcus aureus was good, and the MIC90 was 0.102, 0.244, 1.19 mg/mL respectively. Conclusion Galla chinensis etc. 14 kinds of TCM had strong antibacterial activity agsinst 112 srains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective To observe antibacterial efficiency of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc against clinical isolates. Method Antibacterial activity of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc against 308 strains of clinical isolates were determined by agar dilution method. Results MIC50 of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc against staphylococcus aureus (112 strains), S.epidermidis (112 strains), and Enterococci (28 strains) were 0.72, 1.44, 0.72 mg/mL, and MIC90 were 1.44, 1.44, 0.72 mg/mL respectively. The MIC90 of Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc to Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli were 2.88, 1.44 mg/mL respectively. Conclusion Prunus mume Sieb et Zucc has good antibacterial activity against Gram positive cocci and some Gram negative bacilli.

Objective To assess the regulating effects of interleukin-1? (IL-1?) on gene expression of Bax mRNA in human hyaline chondrocyte.Methods Hyaline chondrocytes of human were harvested enzymatically and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 20% bovine serum.In the experiment,various concentrations of IL-1? were added to the medium.The effects of IL-1? on the Bax mRNA were assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the passaged monolayer cell cultures of hyaline chondrocyte.Results IL-1? increased the Bax mRNA level in passaged cultures of hyaline chondrocyte.The difference was significant (P

Objective To invesigate the value of contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan in diagnosing renal pelvic carcinoma.Methods All 35 cases with renal pelvic carcinoma confirmed by surgical pathology underwent plain and contrast-enhanced (including 4 phases) spiral CT scans before operation.CT data were reviewed retrospectively in comparison with surgical and patholgical results.Results CT findings of renal carcinoma could be classified into 3 types:type Ⅰ,the lesions limited within the renal pelvis in 25 cases;thype Ⅱ,the lesions were out of the renal pelvis and had indefinable margins with the renal parenchyma in 6 cases;type Ⅲ ,only showed the pelvic wall thickened with hydronephrosis in 4 cases.On contrast-enhanced CT scan,inhomogeneous enhancement of the lesions was presented in cortical phase,the intensity of enhancement was not obviously changed in 13 cases in parenchymal and excretion phases,but the lesions were still hypointense in comparison with renal parenchyma,14 cases demonstrated inhomogeneous enhancement of the lesions in delayed phase.Conclusion Contrast-enhanced spiral CT scanning is valuable in diagnosing renal pelvic carcinoma and renal delayed phase should be emphasized.

Objective To evaluate normal maturation of the fetal brain with half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement(RARE) MRI.Methods The normal brains of 25 fetuses of 12-38 weeks gestational age were examined in utero with half-Fourier RARE imaging.Gyrus maturation,gray and white matter differentiation,ventricle-to-brain diameter ratio,and subarachnoid space size were evaluated with respect to gestational age.Results At 12-23 weeks,the brain had a smooth surface,and two or three layers were differentiated in the cerebral cortex.At 24-26 weeks,only a few shallow grooves were seen in the central sulcus,and three layers,including the immature cortex,intermediate zone,and germinal matrix,were differentiated in all fetuses.At 27-29 weeks,sulcus formation was observed in various regions of the brain parenchyma,and the germinal matrix became invisible.Sulcation was seen in the whole cerebral cortex from 30 weeks on.However,the cortex did not undergo infolding,and opercular formation was not seen before 33 weeks.At 23 weeks and earlier,the cerebral ventricles were large;thereafter,they gradually became smaller.The subarachnoid space overlying the cortical convexities was slightly dilated at all gestational ages,most markedly at 21-26 weeks.Conclusion Changes in brain maturation proceed through stages in an orderly and predictable fashion and can be evaluated reliably with half-Fourier RARE MRI.

Objective To evaluate the assessment index system of internal medicine, and to analyze the factors of practical effects on internal medicine. Methods The assessment index system of clinical skills was developed by expert group based on the clinical syllabus and objectives. Internal medicine index system was divided into four items such as history-taking, physical examination, hos-pital records and case questions. 49 five-year clinical interns who took internal medicine exams were researched. Reliability, validity, discrimination, difficulty were used to analyze the quality of assess-ment index system. Gender, teaching hospital and the preparation of postgraduate examination were used to explore the influencing factors of practical effects with independent t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results The reliability, discrimination, difficulty of the assessment index system were 0.50, 0.15 and 0.85, respectively. The removing item coefficient of history collection, physical ex-amination, hospital records, case questions were 0.38, 0.26, 0.47 and 0.53, separately, and the discrimination were 0.18, 0.17,0.27 and 0.37, separately, and the difficulty were 0.87, 0.89, 0.79, and 0.78, respectively. The scores of assessment index system of girls were higher than those of the boys(P<0.05). Moreover, the girls scored higher in history collection and physical examination, compared with the boys(P<0.05). The discrepancy scores were not statistically significant among teaching hospitals (P>0.05). The students who prepared the postgraduate examination scored lower than the others(P<0.05). Conclusions The assessment index system of internal medicine is reason-able and reliable, but the assessment of case questions still needs to be standardized. Teaching hospi-tals have little effect on internship while gender and the preparation for postgraduate examination influence practice effects in internal medicine.

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,anaerobic spore-forming bacillus commonly found in the environment and human gut.Excessive use of antibiotics,immunosuppressive agents and chemotherapy drugs may lead to overgrowth of the toxic strain of Clostridium difficile with high resistance,which are supposed to be the major contributing factors leading to Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea(CDAD).The globally increasing incidence of CDAD,especially the outbreak of nosocomial infection caused by the hypervirulent strain in North America,arouse worldwide attention.For providing new ideas to the early diagnosis and treatment of CDAD,this review summarize the latest development on pathogenesis and rapid laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile.

Objective To explore the feasibility of carrying out the common imprecision range among different biochemical systems in different laboratories.Methods Biochemical professionals visited 18 third-grade class A hospitals in Hebei Province,investigated the internal quality control data of 21 biochemical tests and made classification according to certain parameter criterias.Data were collected from April to September,2010 and calculated for cumulative mean,standard deviation (s) and CV.Data were compared according to 1/3,1/4 of TEa established by CLIA'88 and allowable CVb％ derived from biological variants.Results Among 18 hospitals,5 (27.8％) set their target value by mean value of 6 months,5(27.8％) by continuous 20 days and 8(44.4％) by the given value of the supplier.CVs of 21biochemical tests were quite different among 18 biochemistry laboratories,in which LDH was 6.79 times and CK was 76.79 times different from one another.35.5％-94.1％ biochemical tests met the requirement of CV ＜ 1/3TEa and 0.0％-91.7％ met the requirement of CV ＜ 1/4TEa.0.0％-94.1％ of tests were below allowable CVb％ 16/21 (76.2％) tests could satisfy the requirement of CV ＜ 1/3TEa.The top five tests which didn't meet the requirements were Na,Urea,TBIL,ALT and Glu.Conclusions The internal quality control among biochemistry laboratories in Hebei Province has not been standardized yet.According to the survey data,biochemistry laboratories of third-grade class A hospitals may set 75％ point of imprecision as a reference.After a period of improvement,we will set common imprecision range among biochemistry laborotories in Hebei Province and even in China.