Recent studies have revealed that obease increases the risk of differentated thyroid carcino-ma (DTC);iodine increases the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma wheras decreases the risk of follicular thy-roid carcinoma;vitamin D decreases the risk of DTC,but there are not enough evidences to prove that vitamin A,C and E can decrease the risk of DTC;alcohol may decrease the risk of DTC,but the mechanism is still un-known;xenobiotics increases the risk of DTC.It is essential for DTC prevention to clarify the protection and risk factors.

Objective To investigate the biocompatibility between collagen- polyglycolic acid (PGA) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro to provide some experimental basis for further study in tendon tissue engineering. Methods MSCs were isolated, cultured and characterized. In the experimental group the MSCs were cultured in DMEM containing type-I collagen and PGA suture, and in the control group the MSCs were cultured in DMEM. The cell growth was compared between the two groups, and the cell ultramicroscopic structure of experimental group was observed. Results MSCs grew well in the collagen-PGA scaffold, and 2 weeks after incubation they still kept secretion potential and more than cell 89% vitality, which were not significantly different compared with the control group. There is no statistical difference in the MSCs count in the experimental group during 2 weeks culture, while in the control group MSCs began to proliferate at the 4th day after culture. Conclusion Collagen-PGA has a good biocompatibility with mesenchymal stem cells. It is possible to fabricate a tissue-engineered tendon in vitro using mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells and collagen-PGA as scaffold.

Objective To discuss the effect of nicotine on the growth of rabbit tendon cells.Method 1% concetration Nicotine(0 5ml/kg) was injected into rabbit's auditive vein,then femoral vein blood was extracted at 3 minutes later. Separating blood serum and add it into F-12 medium and 10% fetal bull serum,penicillin,streptomycin,vitC which was then used to culture rabbit tendon cells, observating the time of cell number growth duplication of test group and drawn up its growth curve. The control group was treated as the test group except the rabbit was not injected by nicotine.Results The time of cell number growth duplication of test group was 9?2 1 days and the control group was 7?1 1 days,there was difference significatly between the two groups.Conclusion Nicotine can restrain the growth of rabbit tendon cells and enhance tendon's adhesiveness in post-operation.

50%),including 22 complicated with hypertension cases were retrospectively analyzed and statistics their fluid infusion volume,serum albumin levels serum sodium,blood sugar and general infections conditions were summarized,and compared with non-hypertension cases.Results The difference of fluid infusion volume between them was no significance in statistics.The difference of serum Na +,blood sugar,serum albumin levels between them was significant.All of 22 cases of hypertension had toxemia symptom,12 of 22 cases in control group occured toxemia symptom,morbidity peak of hypertension was accorded with infection morbidity peak.Conclusions General infection after burns could play an important role during the happening of hypertension after burns. We should pay more attention to the therapy of infection in treatment period.

BACKGROUND:Non-hematopoietic cell of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or mesenchymal progenitor cells can differentiate into bone,cartilage,muscle,tendon,fat and bone marrow matrix in vivo and in vitro,thus becoming very valuable seed cells source in the field of tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To construct the tissue engineered tendon withⅠcollagen-polyglycolic acid as a scaffold and bone marrow MSCs as seed cells,and to observe the effect of tissue engineered tendon on repairing achilles tendon defects. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled animal experiment was performed in the Xiangya Medical College of Central South University in 2003.MATERIALS:Healthy adult rabbits,irrespective of genders,weighing 1.5-2.5 kg,were offered by Animal Center of Xiangya Medical College,Central South University. Polyglycolic acid were purchased from Shandong Weigao Group Kanglida Medical Products Co.,Ltd (KLD Medical).SD rats were sourced from Department of Experimental Animals,Central South University.METHODS:Rabbit bone marrow was extracted to harvest MSCs with centrrfugation and adherence method,then bone marrow MSCs were isolated and amplified. Tail tendon was extracted from SD rats and prepared into type Ⅰ collagen solution,which was mixed and suture cultured with polyglycolic acid to construct collagen-polyglycolic acid scaffold. Other bone marrow MSCs,which were not induced in vitro,were incubated on collagen-polyglycolic acid scaffold to construct tissue engineered rabbit tendon models,with those without cells serving as controls. Thirty rabbit angle skins were cut open to separate tendon and produce a 3-cm defect. Fifteen rats in the experiment group was repaired with tissue engineered tendon,which was previously prepared with autologous bone marrow MSCs,while fifteen rats in the control group was given Ⅰ collagen-polyglycolic acid scaffold.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Effect of tissue engineered tendon on repairing achilles tendon defects in rabbit.RESULTS:No matter whether contains autologous bone marrow MSCs,type I collagen-polyglycolic acid scaffold transplanted into animals exhibited column gel shape by general observation. At 4 weeks following transplantation,cordlike tissues were seen in the transplantation site,polyglycolic acid suture was degraded. At 8 weeks,the tissue engineered tendon tissues were cordlike shaped,white,lustrous and dense. They were well connected with receptor tendon tissues in the experiment group,without adhesion to peripheral tissues. In the control group,the tissues were slender and adhered to peripheral tissues. CONCLUSION:Using typeⅠ collagen-polyglycolic acid as a scaffold and bone marrow MSCs as seed cells,tissue engineered tendon can dramatically promote the repair of achilles tendon defects.

Objective　To study the clinica features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of simple and complex macromastia. Methods　The clinical and pathological data of 21 patients with macromastia in our hospital from 1990 to 2000 were analysed retrospectively. Simple macromastia in 16 patients with 29 breasts, complex macromastia in 5 patients with 8 breasts. Results　The average age of patients was 23 years old. All the 21 patients were treated surgically. Among the 5 patients with complex macromastia, subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction were performed on 2 patients with breast fibroadenomatosis; of the 2 patients with giant fibroadenoma, one underwent tumor excision, the others were subjected to tumor excision with reduction mammaplasty; the last one with breast fibrous disease, selective partial breast excision and reduction mammaplasty was performed. All the patients had satisfactory mammary appearance and hadn't recurrrence of the breast disease in follow up period. Conclusions　(1) Macromastia often happens in the adolescent and young women. (2) It is necessary to do biopsy during operation for distinguishing the simple from the complex macromastia. (3) The treatment for simple macromatia is reduction mammaplasty; for complex macromatia is dissection of the disease area completely and redution mammaplasty simultaneously. For macromastia with fibroadenomatosis, subcutaneous mastectomy with reconstruction can prevent tumor recurrence and get better mammary appearance.

Objective To study the clinica features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of simple and complex macromastia. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 21 patients with macromastia in our hospital from 1990 to 2000 were analysed retrospectively. Simple macromastia in 16 patients with 29 breasts, complex macromastia in 5 patients with 8 breasts. Results The average age of patients was 23 years old. All the 21 patients were treated surgically. Among the 5 patients with complex macromastia, subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction were performed on 2 patients with breast fibroadenomatosis; of the 2 patients with giant fibroadenoma, one underwent tumor excision, the others were subjected to tumor excision with reduction mammaplasty; the last one with breast fibrous disease, selective partial breast excision and reduction mammaplasty was performed. All the patients had satisfactory mammary appearance and hadn't recurrrence of the breast disease in follow up period. Conclusions (1) Macromastia often happens in the adolescent and young women. (2) It is necessary to do biopsy during operation for distinguishing the simple from the complex macromastia. (3) The treatment for simple macromatia is reduction mammaplasty; for complex macromatia is dissection of the disease area completely and redution mammaplasty simultaneously. For macromastia with fibroadenomatosis, subcutaneous mastectomy with reconstruction can prevent tumor recurrence and get better mammary appearance.

BACKGROUND: Thoracodorsal artery perforator flap can relieve damage to donor site and avoid bulk in the recipient site,but dissociation of perforating branch took time.Some one believed that it should be done by very experienced physicians and some muscle tissues should be reserved.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method,effectiveness and clinical application of improved latissimus dorsi flap based on perforator flap conception for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of lower extremity.METHODS: A total of 17 patients needing skin flap transplantation were selected.12 latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous/muscle flaps,3 latissimus dorsi flaps with a few muscle and 2 double-leaf segmental latissimus dorsi compound flaps were designed based on perforator flap conception.According to the territory of latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap,a skin paddle in which anterior underlying muscle and main perforator was designed,extend about to the anterior edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle.An additional latissimus dorsi muscle flap was selected for soft tissue enlargement if necessary.Sometimes,double-leaf segmental latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous/muscle flap,including one muscle-sparing latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and the other segmental latissimus dorsi muscle flap nourished by the lateral branches of the thoracodorsal vessels was selected to repair two adjacent defects.The harvested tissue area ranged from 12 cm×8 cm to 28 cm×17 cm.Survival state of skin flap,together with shape and function of donor site and recipient site of skin flap were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following skin flap transplantation,one case developed vascular crisis that was relieved following re-exploration for vessel anastomosis.All skin flap survived.Second-stage skin grafting was done on one muscle flap wound.All donor sites were sutured directly.After a follow-up of 3 to 18 months in 15 cases,only two cases received two-stage plastic operation because bulky flaps brought some trouble in wearing shoes.Improved latissimus dorsi flap based on perforator flap conception can reduce damage to the donor site and the receipt area bulk.Double-leaf segmental latissimus dorsi compound flaps can repair both heel and toe wound.The versatile latissimus dorsi flap designed using thoracodorsal artery perforator flap conception is an ideal flap for repairing widespread soft tissue defects in the lower extremity.

Objective:To determine drug dose and usage of timolol maleate eye drops in the treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma.Methods:A total of 250 superficial hemangioma infants were recruited and assigned into 5 groups (n=50 for each group):an external application group and 4 exterior coating groups (2,4,6,8 times per day).We evaluated the therapeutic effect of different methods for drug application (external application or exterior coating) and the frequency for drug administration on superficial infantile hemangioma.Results:The external application group (twice a day and 0.5 hour per time) showed better effect than that in the exterior coating group with twice a day (P＜0.001).The difference in therapeutic effect between the exterior coating group with 6 times a day and exterior coating group with twice a day or with 3 times a day was significant (P＜0.001).The differences in drug efficacy were not found among the exterior coating group with 6 times a day,the exterior coating group with 8 times a day,or the external application group with twice a day (All P＞0.05).Conclusion:Drug dose may affect the therapeutic effect oftimolol maleate eye drops in superficial hemangioma infants,and exterior coating with 6 times a day may achieve the best curative effect.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of liposuction-curettage under negative pressure combined with Xiaozhiling injection for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis.Methods The operative field was marked along the border of hair-bearing area of axilla with a distal margin of 0.5-1 cm.Subcutaneous tissue was removed by stroke movement under negative pressure after tumescent anesthesia.Subsequently,Xiaozhiling injection was injected into the subcutaneous space.All the patients were followed for at least 3 months,and therapeutic efficacy was evaluated quantitatively.Results A total of 72 patients (144 sides) with axillary bromhidrosis were treated with this method from March 2009 to May 2012,including 16 males and 56 females aged 14-41 years.All the patients experienced primary healing with no necrosis or hematoma formation within one week after the operation.The follow-up lasted 3 to 18 months (average: 8 months).Among the 144 sides,133 (92.4％) were cured,11 (7.6％) were improved,with the response rate being 100％.Postoperative scar is invisible,and patients were satisfied with the treatment outcomes.Conclusion The combined therapy is a simple and effective approach to the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis with a fast recovery and less complications.