Objective To evaluate the efficacy of radiation therapy on primary vaginal cancer with high dose rate brachytherapy alone or in combination with external radiation Methods Fifty one cases with primary vaginal cancer who were treated with high dose rate brachytherapy alone or in combination with the external radiation in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 1989 to 1999 were retrospectively studied,including stage Ⅰ 10 cases,stage Ⅱ 13 cases,stage Ⅲ 23 cases and stage Ⅳ 5 cases WD HDR18 after loading equipment was used in the brachytherapy and 6 or 8 MV linear accelerator was used in the external radiation Results The overall 5 year survival rate with WD HDR18 was 58 8%, with 80 0% for stage Ⅰ,76 9% for stage Ⅱ,65 2% for stage Ⅲ,and 0 0% for stage Ⅳ The comparison of treatments with WD HDR18 and radium therapy showed the 5 year survival rates of the cases of each stage treated with WD HDR18 were higher Conclusion Treatment results obtained with high dose rate brachytherapy are at least similar to traditional radium therapy for primary vaginal cancer

Objective　To study radiotherapy in the treatment of uterine sarcomas and response to radiation in primary or recurrent uterine sarcomas. Methods　A total of 102 uterine sarcomas treated in the Cancer Hospital from May 1960 to June 1999. A retrospective review of 45 patients receiving surgery alone, 29 patients for postoperative radiotherapy, 4 radiotherapy alone, 24 recurrent sarcomas receiving radiotherapy. Results　The 5-year overall survival for 45 patients treated with surgery alone and 29 patients managed by postoperative radiotherapy were 56.7% and 58.6% respectively (P>0.05). The addition of radiotherapy significantly reduced the local recurrence rate from 42.2% to 20.7% （P<0.05）. The tumor was disappeared completely by treatment of radiotherapy alone in 3 patients of primary uterine cervix sarcomas. 1 patient was free of disease at 36 months. Other 2 patients died 9 and 11 months later because of distant metastases. The complete and partial response rate of radiotherapy was 50.0% for recurrent tumors. The radiotherapetic sensibility of endometrial stromal sarcomas, mixed mesodermal sarcomas and leiomyosarcomas was downward tendency in turn.Couclusions　The postoperation adjuvant radiotherapy reduced the pelvic recurrent significantly. Radiotherapy should be used in the treatment of uterine sarcomas as an important part of combination therapy.

Objective　To evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on the endometrium. Methods　Hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsies were performed in 26 patients with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen and having vaginal bleeding or endometrial thickness detected by ultrasound. In addition 78 women with postmenopausal bleeding without receiving tamoxifen underwent the same examination. Results　Thirteen (50.0%) patients receiving tamoxifen had endometrial or endocervical polyps, whereas 14 cases(17.9%) not receiving tamoxifen developed the polyps （P＜0.05）. Nine (34.6%) patients receiving tamoxifen had thyperplasias, which was significantly higher than that of women not receiving tamoxifen (P<0.05). Conclusions　The incidence of endometria disease in the patient with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen was increased. These patients should be closely monitored by transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy.

Objective: TO verify through animal experiment the validity of chemical cholecystectomy . Methods: The experimental objects seven healthy juvenile pigs,hardener was infused into the gallbladder,after infusion the samples were collected by pathoiogical examination , according to the different duration under anesthestize. Reslts:The mucous destructive and digestive process remained with one week, the inflammatory reacton in two weeks,the chronic inflatoy reaction compained a a great deal of granu lation tissue and scar formation occurred in 4th-8th week,10 weeks latter,the inflmmatory reaction reduced ,and scar tissue formed. Conclusion: Chemical cholecystectomy is safe and reliable in clinical.

Objective To establish nude mice xenograft tumor models of human endometrial carcinoma for basic and clinical study. Methods Fourteen samples of human endometrial carcinoma were subcutaneously heterotransplanted to nude mice (BALB/C, nu/nu),3～4 mice were transplanted for every sample. Results The initial take rate was 42.8%,then it increased to 100.0% after the 5th passage. Five of 14 samples were transplanted for 48～63 passages.The characteristics of histology,ultrastructure and chromosome were identical to those of human donour tumors. The DNA ploidy was consistent for SL-1,SL-2 and SL-3,but changed for SL-4 and SL-5 by cytometric analysis. The expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor for 5 models was all negative. The expression of p53 was positive for SL-1,SL-2 and SL-4,but negative for SL-3 and SL-5.The expression of c-erbB-2 was positive for SL-1,SL-2 and SL-4,negative for SL-3 and SL-5.The expression of p16 was positive for SL-2 and SL-3,negative for SL-1,SL-4 and SL-5. Conclusions Five nude mice xenograft tumor models of human endometrial carcinoma were established successfully. It will be helpful for the basic and clinical study of human endometrial carcinoma.

Objective:To explore and sum up diagnostic features and therapy for colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis.Methods:48 cases of colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis treated from Oct.1989 to Oct.1997.Results:The accuracy rates of ultrasound and CT were 18.2%,53.3% respectively.Of the 48 cases,10 cases underwent hepatectomies,10 cases ethanol injected to lives metastatic,8 cases chemotherapy via portal vein synchronously,8 cases intercurrent X-ray,12 cases abandon treatment.Conclusions:Colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis is very difficult to diagnosis before operation,ultrasound and accuracy found on operation were the secure methods for diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis.Hepatectoming is the first way for treating colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis,others way are ethanol inject,chemotherapy via portal vein synchronously,interventional radiotogy,et al.

Flavanoids are important phytochemistry compositions in foods and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and are mainly oxidized by CYP1A family in vivo. Some methoxyflavones could also be metabolized through demethylation. Usually, flavanoids own one or more phenolic hydroxyl group in their molecular structures, which facilitate conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulphuric acid, forming metabolites with good water-solubility to excrete. Natural flavanoids mainly exist in glycoside, and after oral ,they would be easily metabolized to aglycone by hydratase in gut microflora and then absorbed into blood. Besides, many flavanoids have strong inhibitory actions on Cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are significant mechanisms in cancer precaution and tumor inhibition. In this paper, we reviewed lots of articles and summarized metabolism characteristics of flavanoids and metabolism interaction with Cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drug Therapy ; Flavonoids ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Objective　To study the relationship between bax gene expression and endometrial carcinoma. Methods　Bax mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in a series of 8 normal proliferative endometrium (NPE), 6 simple and complex hyperplasia (SCH), 6 atypical hyperplasia (AH) and 42 endometrial carcinoma (EC).Results　All of the 8 NPE showed moderate bax mRNA expression. In 1 of 6 SCH, 2 of 6 AH and 27 of the 42 EC (64.3%), there was overexpresion of bax mRNA. In endometrial carcinoma, with the progression of clinical stage, increase in histologic grade and in depth of invasion to muscle layer, and lymph node metastersis,the positive rate of bax overexpression was correspondingly increased.Conclusion　The results suggest that bax expression affects the balance between the endometrial cell proliferation and apoptosis. Bax might play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of endometrial carcinoma. As a high risk factor it can be used to evaluate the biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma.

Objective　To study the relationship between bax gene expression and endometrial carcinoma. Methods　Bax mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in a series of 8 normal proliferative endometrium (NPE), 6 simple and complex hyperplasia (SCH), 6 atypical hyperplasia (AH) and 42 endometrial carcinoma (EC).Results　All of the 8 NPE showed moderate bax mRNA expression. In 1 of 6 SCH, 2 of 6 AH and 27 of the 42 EC (64.3%), there was overexpresion of bax mRNA. In endometrial carcinoma, with the progression of clinical stage, increase in histologic grade and in depth of invasion to muscle layer, and lymph node metastersis,the positive rate of bax overexpression was correspondingly increased.Conclusion　The results suggest that bax expression affects the balance between the endometrial cell proliferation and apoptosis. Bax might play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of endometrial carcinoma. As a high risk factor it can be used to evaluate the biological behavior of endometrial carcinoma.

Due to the progress of intracavitary afterloading technology and dosage of brachytherapy, a similar dose distribution as that of cervical conization can be achieved and can be applied to the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) , it is called “afterloading conization”. Being adjusted the radioactive source movement and weight, low exposure doses to the ovary, endometrium and vagina can be assured. So a high quality of life after treatment could be maintained and overcomes the shortcomings of cervical conization and hysterectomy, such as anesthesia, bleeding, over or insufficient treatment, early ovarian ageing and operative complications.