Objective To explore the distributions of C AG polymorphisms of androgen receptor gene in Chinese population and the relatio nship with prostate cancer (CaP). Methods The number of CAG repeats were measured in 105 cases with CaP and 190 matched case-control b y PCR、DHPLC and Sequencing analysis,and its association with the susceptibility to CaP. Results The average number of CAG repeats was 2 2.7 in CaP and 23.3 in control group ( P =0.22).Men with CAG repeats lengt h less than 22 may be in high risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio,2.39;95%CI 1.1 9～4.81, P =0.012),compared with men CAG repeats length of 22 or more. Conclusions A less CAG repeat length (

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utilization status of antibiotics in rural area of Ningbo and to put forward improvement measures.METHODS: The data regarding the utilization of antibiotics were obtained by questionnaire survey and the on-the-spot investigation among the randomly selected 52 township hospitals,451 village clinics,and 117 drugstores in Ningbo.RESULTS: The irrational drug utilization phenomena were widespread in township hospitals,village clinics,and drugstores in Ningbo,which involved technical problems as well as administrative loophole,and manifested as insufficient etiology evidence,nonstandard dosage regimen,unclear indications for preventive medication or combined uses of antibiotics,and lack of effective drug control measures etc.CONCLUSION: The irrational drug utilization phenomena are widespread in rural area of Ningbo,which should be given proper intervention.

Objective To explore the value of DWI (diffusion weighted imaging,DWI) in diagnosis of bladder cancer in clinical T stage by comparing DWI and CT.Methods Seventy-five patients with bladder cancer underwent MRI plain scan,enhanced diffusion-weighted imaging and CT scan,to make a diagnosis preoperative clinical T stage according to their image.Then we compared the diffusion-weighted imaging and CT results with pathological staging results to assess the value of DWI in bladder tumor staging.Results For clinical T staging bladder cancer,the diagnostic accuracy rate was 83.5％ and 72％ for DWI and CT,resectively,statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging can accurately diagose the clinical T stage of bladder cancer,and has a higher value than CT.

Objective To evaluate the possibility and reliability of laparoscopic management of cholelithiasis merging extrahepatic and acalculous and benign obstructive jaundice. Methods Eleven patients with cholelithiasis merging extrahepatic and acalculous and benign obstructive jaundice who underwent laparoscopic management were retrospectively studied.Results Ten cases were successful with laparoscopic management,among the total,4 patients were underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC),6 cases were experienced LC and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE).One case was converted to open operation.No serious complications were observed.All the patients were cured after the operative treatment.None of the complications could be traced after follow-up for 6 months. Conclusions Cholelithiasis merging extrahepatic and acalculous and benign obstructive jaundice is a challenge to laparoscopic surgeons.Intraoperative diagnosis is very difficultly,but very important.It is better prognosis by careful and skilled operators and reasonable operative method to be chose.

Objective To study changes of humoral immunity of the premature infants in different pathological conditions and detect the reason of the deficiency of humoral immunity in premature infants .Methods Two hundred and forty-six prematur were enrolled and 30 healthy neonates were selected as control group .The percentages of IgG ,IgA ,IgM and comp lement C3 ,C4 were detected by full automatic biochemical analyzer .Results The results showed that IgG ,IgM ,IgA ,C3 and C4 in the premature in-fants were lower than those in the normal term infants and there was a highly significant difference with the decrease of fetal age . IgG ,IgM ,IgA ,C3 and C4 of the group of the premature infants ranging from 32 to 36 weeks had reduced in different degree ,rela-tive to the groups of BW <2 000 g ,hypertension during pregnancy ,cesarean section(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The results showed that function of humoral immunity in the premature infants was depressed and low gestational age ,low birth weight ,cesarean sec-tion and hypertension during pregnancy may be the leading cause of the deficiency of humoral immunity .

Objective:To explore the significance of the clinical target volume (CTV) dose optimization in the upper and middle neck in protecting the laryngopharynx, anterior and posterior rings during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and multimodal imaging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:Clinical data of 298 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients admitted to Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the following five strategies of CTV dose optimization in the upper and middle neck: group A, complete optimization of bilateral cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), that is, the CTV doses of bilateral CLNs were 50.4 Gy; group B, complete optimization of unilateral CLNs, that is, the CTV dose of unilateral CLNs was 50.4 Gy and the contralateral CLNs was 60 Gy; group C, incomplete optimization of bilateral CLNs, that is, the CTV doses of bilateral CLNs were 50.4 Gy, while the suspicious positive CLNs were selectively boosted to 60 Gy; group D, incomplete optimization of unilateral CLNs, that is, the CTV dose of unilateral CLNs was 50.4 Gy and the suspicious positive CLNs were selectively boosted to 60 Gy, and the CTV dose of contralateral side was 60 Gy; group E: no optimization, that is, the CTV doses of bilateral CLNs were 60 Gy.Results:Among 298 patients, 215 patients received dose optimization and 83 cases did not receive dose optimization. In the dose optimization schemes, 114 cases were assigned in group A, 36 cases in group B, 60 cases in group C and 5 cases in group D. The median (range) follow-up time was 28.5(6.0-46.3) months. The overall survival rate was 95.6%, the progression-free survival rate was 84.2% and the locoregional control rate of CLNs was 98.0%. Local relapse of CLNs occurred in six patients, including 1 case of retropharyngeal lymph node, 4 cases of Ⅱ area and 1 case of Ⅳ area. The P values of average dose of laryngopharynx in group A, group B, group C and group D compared with that in group E were<0.001, 0.016, 0.001 and 0.572, respectively. The P values of the average dose of the anterior ring in group A, group B, group C and group D compared with that in group E were<0.001, 0.011, <0.001 and 0.805, respectively. The P values of the average dose of the posterior ring in group A, group B, group C and group D compared with that in group E were<0.001, 0.004, <0.001 and 0.252, respectively.Conclusions:Combined with the metastatic rules of CLNs and multimodal imaging system, it is safe to optimize the CTV dose of the upper and middle neck during IMRT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, which can significantly reduce the doses of laryngopharynx, anterior and posterior rings, thereby providing evidence for reducing the CTV dose in the upper and middle neck.

Objective To explore the significance and the change of miRNAs expression profile in different period of HBV infection.Methods Establish the detection method of microRNA(miRNA) by RNA DNA probe liquid chip (flexible multi-analyte profiling,xMap) and estimate the specificity,repeatability and accuracy of this method.From October 2010 to October 2011,collect HBV infected patients' periphcral blood of the First affiliated hospital of SooChow University,including acute hepatitis B,chronic hepatitis B,hepatits B liver cirrhosis,liver cancer patients and health control,each group contains 40 cases.The levels of miR-191,-223,-222,-145,-21,-31,-126,-20a,-372 of peripheral blood mononuclear cell were detected by xMap liquid chiptechnology.The level of miR-103 was taken as reference.The ratio of (the mean fluorescence intensity of target miRNAs-corresponding backgroud mean fluorescence intensity)/( the mean fluorescence intensity of miR-103-corresponding backgroud mean fluorescence intensity) as a valid data and analysis the characteristics of miRNAs expression.The SPSS 17.0 was used as statistical software.The single factor analysis of variance was used as the method to analysis group comparison,and make multiple comparison by the LSD-t method if the result with a significant difference.Results The specificity of Xmap liquid chip method to detect miRNAs was 100％ ;The repeated experiment proved that the CV value was less than 5％ in the high value reference miRNA test,less than 10％ in the low value reference miRNAs test;the accruracy experiment proved that the recovery rate was ( 100 ± 5)％ in the nine miRNAs.There were no statistically differences with miR-222 ( F =1.32,P ＞ 0.05),-191 ( F =1.98,P ＞ 0.05),-145 ( F =0.78,P＞0.05),-21(F=0.64,P ＞0.05),-31 (F =0.83,P ＞0.05),-372(F =1.75,P ＞0.05)in different groups; There was statistically significant differences in miR-223 ( F =14.56,P ＜ 0.05) among different groups,with the highest expression level in actue hepatitis B group (15.37 ± 4.01),and the lowest expression level in liver cancer group (6.91 ±3.18) ; There was statistically significant differences in miR126 (F =17.43,P ＜ 0.05)among different groups,with the highest expression level in health control group (6.33 ±2.75) and the lowest expression level in liver cancer group (2.38 ± 1.07).There were statistically significant differences in miR-20a ( F =19.484,P ＜ 0.05) among different groups,with the highest expression level in health control group (0.33 ±0.18) and the lowest expression level in liver cancer group (0.81 ±0.24).Conclusion The detection method of miRNA by Xmap liquid chip has strong specificity,high accuracy and good repeatability,suitable for large throughput clinical testing.The study for miRNA in HBV infected diseases provides a new clue to the research of chronic progress mechanism.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between mean platelet volume (MPV) and prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and the value of MPV in prognostic evaluation. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 37 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, 44 patients with HBV-ACLF, and 27 patients with chronic hepatitis B, who were admitted to Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, from January 2015 to December 2019, as well as 24 individuals who underwent physical examination during the same period of time. Related clinical data included sex, age, total bilirubin (TBil), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin (Alb), blood ammonia (NH3), routine blood test results, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and blood coagulation parameters. According to prognosis, the patients with HBV-ACLF patients were divided into improvement group with 19 patients and non-improvement group with 25 patients, and the patients were followed up for 3 months. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison within each group， the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups； a binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent influencing factors for prognosis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict the accuracy of variables. ResultsThere were significant differences in MPV, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), Alb, BUN, TBil, and MELD score between the liver cirrhosis group, the HBV-ACLF group, the chronic hepatitis group, and the healthy group (χ2=39.031， 75.837, 59.894, 56.033, 22.760, 83.353 and 70.299, all P＜0.001). Further comparison of MPV between two groups showed that the HBV-ACLF group had a significantly higher MPV than the healthy group and the chronic hepatitis group (Z=9.076 and 4.435, both corrected P＜0.001), and the liver cirrhosis group had a significantly higher MPV than the healthy group (Z=2.646, corrected P=0.049). For the patients with HBV-ACLF, there were significant differences in MPV, age, PT, INR, and MELD score between the improvement group and the non-improvement group (Z=-3.710， -2.726， -2.678， -2.322 and -2.610, all P＜0.05), and further binary logistic regression analysis showed that MPV (odds ratio ［OR］=1.175, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1.067-2.756, P=0.026) and MELD score (OR=1.643, 95% CI: 1.021-2.644, P=0.041) were independent influencing factors for the prognosis of HBV-ACLF. MPV alone, MELD score alone, and MPV combined with MELD score had an area under the ROC curve of 0.742, 0.731, and 0.791, respectively, in predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF, and MPV combined with MELD score had relatively high sensitivity (0.72) and specificity (0.895). ConclusionMPV is an independent influencing factor for the prognosis of HBV-ACLF and has a good value in predicting prognosis. MPV combined with MELD score has advantages over MPV or MELD score alone in predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in imaging evaluation of pituitary adenomas,and in recent years through the sequence parameters optimization and improvement of radio frequency and signal acquisition,there have been many new applications of MRI techniques.MR imaging techniques and their application in research of pituitary adenoma are reviewed in this article.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in imaging evaluation of pituitary adenomas,and in resent years,there has been some exploration about the change of MRI after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomas surgery.MRI features of pituitary and sphenoid sinus changes after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomas surgery are reviewed in this article.